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Mi J, Liu Y, Xue Y, Sun W, Liang Y, Liang J, An H, Wu X. The changes and its significance of peripheral blood NK cells in patients with tuberculous meningitis. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1344162. [PMID: 38486698 PMCID: PMC10937341 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1344162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is the most severe form of tuberculosis (TB). The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between the number of natural killer (NK) cells and adaptive immune status, and disease severity in TBM patients. Methods We conducted a retrospective study on 244 TB patients and 146 healthy control subjects in the 8th Medical Center of the PLA General Hospital from March 2018 and August 2023. Results The absolute count of NK cells in the peripheral blood of TBM patients was significantly lower than that in normal controls (NC), latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), and non-severe TB (NSTB) patients (p < 0.05). The proportion of TBM patients (48.7%) with a lower absolute count of NK cells than the normal reference value was significantly higher than that in NC (5.2%) and LTBI groups (4.0%) (p < 0.05), and slightly higher than that in NSTB group (36.0%) (p > 0.05). The absolute counts of lymphocyte subsets in TBM combined with other active TB group, etiology (+) group, IGRA (-) group, and antibody (+) group were lower than that in simple TBM group, etiology (-) group, IGRA (+) group, and antibody (-) group, respectively. The CD3+ T, NK, and B cells in BMRC-stage III TBM patients were significantly lower than those in stage I and stage II patients (p < 0.05). The counts of CD3+ T, CD4+ T, and B cells in the etiology (+) group were significantly lower than those in the etiology (-) group (p < 0.05). Conclusion The absolute counts of lymphocyte subsets in the peripheral blood of TBM patients were significantly decreased, especially in NK cells. The reduction of these immune cells was closely related to the disease severity and had a certain correlation with cellular and humoral immune responses. This study helps to better understand the immune mechanism of TBM and provides reliable indicators for evaluating the immune status of TBM patients in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Mi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Institute of Tuberculosis Research, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, The 8th Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yinping Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Institute of Tuberculosis Research, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, The 8th Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Xue
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Institute of Tuberculosis Research, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, The 8th Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenna Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Institute of Tuberculosis Research, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, The 8th Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Institute of Tuberculosis Research, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, The 8th Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jianqin Liang
- Department of Tuberculosis, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, The 8th Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Huiru An
- Department of Tuberculosis, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, The 8th Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xueqiong Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Institute of Tuberculosis Research, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, The 8th Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Sankar P, Mishra BB. Early innate cell interactions with Mycobacterium tuberculosis in protection and pathology of tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1260859. [PMID: 37965344 PMCID: PMC10641450 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1260859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health challenge, claiming the lives of up to 1.5 million individuals annually. TB is caused by the human pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), which primarily infects innate immune cells in the lungs. These immune cells play a critical role in the host defense against Mtb infection, influencing the inflammatory environment in the lungs, and facilitating the development of adaptive immunity. However, Mtb exploits and manipulates innate immune cells, using them as favorable niche for replication. Unfortunately, our understanding of the early interactions between Mtb and innate effector cells remains limited. This review underscores the interactions between Mtb and various innate immune cells, such as macrophages, dendritic cells, granulocytes, NK cells, innate lymphocytes-iNKT and ILCs. In addition, the contribution of alveolar epithelial cell and endothelial cells that constitutes the mucosal barrier in TB immunity will be discussed. Gaining insights into the early cellular basis of immune reactions to Mtb infection is crucial for our understanding of Mtb resistance and disease tolerance mechanisms. We argue that a better understanding of the early host-pathogen interactions could inform on future vaccination approaches and devise intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bibhuti Bhusan Mishra
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
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Regino-Zamarripa NE, Ramírez-Martínez G, Jiménez-Álvarez LA, Cruz-Lagunas A, Gómez-García IA, Ignacio-Cortés S, Márquez-García JE, Pacheco-Hernández LM, Ramírez-Noyola JA, Barquera R, Mendoza-Milla C, Luna-Rivero C, Domínguez-Cherit JG, Ramírez-Rangel R, Rodríguez-Reyna TS, Hernández-Cárdenas CM, Choreño-Parra JA, León-Ávila G, Zúñiga J. Differential Leukocyte Expression of IFITM1 and IFITM3 in Patients with Severe Pandemic Influenza A(H1N1) and COVID-19. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2022; 42:430-443. [PMID: 35708622 PMCID: PMC9422779 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2022.0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon-induced transmembrane (IFITM) proteins mediate protection against enveloped viruses by blocking membrane fusion at endosomes. IFITM1 and IFITM3 are crucial for protection against influenza, and various single nucleotide polymorphisms altering their function have been linked to disease susceptibility. However, bulk IFITM1 and IFITM3 mRNA expression dynamics and their correlation with clinical outcomes have not been extensively addressed in patients with respiratory infections. In this study, we evaluated the expression of IFITM1 and IFITM3 in peripheral leukocytes from healthy controls and individuals with severe pandemic influenza A(H1N1) or coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Comparisons between participants grouped according to their clinical characteristics, underlying disease, and outcomes showed that the downregulation of IFITM1 was a distinctive characteristic of severe pandemic influenza A(H1N1) that correlated with outcomes, including mortality. Conversely, increased IFITM3 expression was a common feature of severe pandemic influenza A(H1N1) and COVID-19. Using a high-dose murine model of infection, we confirmed not only the downregulation of IFITM1 but also of IFITM3 in the lungs of mice with severe influenza, as opposed to humans. Analyses in the comparative cohort also indicate the possible participation of IFITM3 in COVID-19. Our results add to the evidence supporting a protective function of IFITM proteins against viral respiratory infections in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora E Regino-Zamarripa
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas," Mexico City, Mexico.,Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Quimicobiológicas, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio and Plan de Ayala s/n, Mexico City, Mexico.,Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gustavo Ramírez-Martínez
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas," Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis Armando Jiménez-Álvarez
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas," Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alfredo Cruz-Lagunas
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas," Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Itzel Alejandra Gómez-García
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas," Mexico City, Mexico.,Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sergio Ignacio-Cortés
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas," Mexico City, Mexico.,Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Eduardo Márquez-García
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas," Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Lynette Miroslava Pacheco-Hernández
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas," Mexico City, Mexico.,Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jazmín Ariadna Ramírez-Noyola
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas," Mexico City, Mexico.,Programa de Maestría en Ciencias de la Salud, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Salvador Díaz Mirón and Plan de San Luis, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rodrigo Barquera
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
| | - Criselda Mendoza-Milla
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas," Mexico City, Mexico.,Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Cesar Luna-Rivero
- Deparment of Pathology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas," Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Guillermo Domínguez-Cherit
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Mexico City, Mexico.,Critical Care Unit, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Remedios Ramírez-Rangel
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Investigación Científica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Tatiana Sofía Rodríguez-Reyna
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carmen M Hernández-Cárdenas
- Respiratory Critical Care Unit, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas," Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Alberto Choreño-Parra
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas," Mexico City, Mexico.,Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gloria León-Ávila
- Zoology Deparment, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio and Plan de Ayala s/n, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Joaquín Zúñiga
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas," Mexico City, Mexico.,Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
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