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Arriaga-Canon C, Contreras-Espinosa L, Aguilar-Villanueva S, Bargalló-Rocha E, García-Gordillo JA, Cabrera-Galeana P, Castro-Hernández C, Jiménez-Trejo F, Herrera LA. The Clinical Utility of lncRNAs and Their Application as Molecular Biomarkers in Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087426. [PMID: 37108589 PMCID: PMC10138835 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Given their tumor-specific and stage-specific gene expression, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have demonstrated to be potential molecular biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment response. Particularly, the lncRNAs DSCAM-AS1 and GATA3-AS1 serve as examples of this because of their high subtype-specific expression profile in luminal B-like breast cancer. This makes them candidates to use as molecular biomarkers in clinical practice. However, lncRNA studies in breast cancer are limited in sample size and are restricted to the determination of their biological function, which represents an obstacle for its inclusion as molecular biomarkers of clinical utility. Nevertheless, due to their expression specificity among diseases, such as cancer, and their stability in body fluids, lncRNAs are promising molecular biomarkers that could improve the reliability, sensitivity, and specificity of molecular techniques used in clinical diagnosis. The development of lncRNA-based diagnostics and lncRNA-based therapeutics will be useful in routine medical practice to improve patient clinical management and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Arriaga-Canon
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Avenida San Fernando No. 22 Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City C.P. 14080, Mexico
| | - Laura Contreras-Espinosa
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Avenida San Fernando No. 22 Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City C.P. 14080, Mexico
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Unidad de Posgrado, Edificio D, 1° Piso, Circuito de Posgrados, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Mexico City C.P. 04510, Mexico
| | - Sergio Aguilar-Villanueva
- Departamento de Tumores Mamarios, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Tlalpan, Mexico City C.P. 14080, Mexico
| | - Enrique Bargalló-Rocha
- Departamento de Tumores Mamarios, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Tlalpan, Mexico City C.P. 14080, Mexico
| | - José Antonio García-Gordillo
- Departamento de Oncología Médica de Mama, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Tlalpan, Mexico City C.P. 14080, Mexico
| | - Paula Cabrera-Galeana
- Departamento de Oncología Médica de Mama, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Tlalpan, Mexico City C.P. 14080, Mexico
| | - Clementina Castro-Hernández
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Avenida San Fernando No. 22 Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City C.P. 14080, Mexico
| | | | - L A Herrera
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Avenida San Fernando No. 22 Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City C.P. 14080, Mexico
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey C.P. 64710, Mexico
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Guo Y, Yuan J, Ni H, Ji J, Zhong S, Zheng Y, Jiang Q. Perfluorooctanoic acid-induced developmental cardiotoxicity in chicken embryo: Roles of miR-490-5p. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 312:120022. [PMID: 36028080 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) could induce developmental toxicities, affecting various organs, including the heart. Although peroxisome-proliferation activated receptor alpha (PPARα) had been identified as a major target of PFOA, PPARα-independent effects are frequently reported. To further elucidate the mechanism of toxicity in PFOA-induced developmental cardiotoxicity, RNA-seq analysis was performed in hatchling chicken hearts developmentally exposed to vehicle or 2 mg/kg (egg weight) PFOA. RT-PCR and western blotting were then performed to confirm the identified potential targets. Furthermore, lentivirus was designed to overexpress and silence identified target miRNA in developing chicken embryo, and the resulting phenotypes were investigated. 21 miRNAs and 1142 mRNAs were identified to be affected by developmental exposure to PFOA in chicken embryo hearts. Among the identified differentially expressed miRNAs, miR-490-5p was confirmed to be significantly affected by PFOA exposure, along with its downstream targets, Synaptosome associated protein 91 (SNAP91) and LY6/PLAUR domain containing 6 (LYPD6), as indicated by RT-PCR and western blotting results. Lentivirus overexpressing miR-490-5p mimicked the phenotype induced by PFOA exposure, while lentivirus silencing miR-490-5p alleviated PFOA-induced changes. Similar patterns were also observed in the expression of downstream target genes, SNAP91 and LYPD6. In summary, miR-490-5p and its downstream genes, SNAP91 and LYPD6 are associated with PFOA-induced developmental cardiotoxicity in chicken embryo, which might help to further elucidate the mechanism of PFOA-induced developmental cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Guo
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, China
| | - Junhua Yuan
- Department of Special Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, China
| | - Hao Ni
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, China
| | - Jing Ji
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, China
| | - Shuping Zhong
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, China
| | - Yuxin Zheng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, China
| | - Qixiao Jiang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, China.
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Lee DH, Bae WH, Ha H, Park EG, Lee YJ, Kim WR, Kim HS. Z-DNA-Containing Long Terminal Repeats of Human Endogenous Retrovirus Families Provide Alternative Promoters for Human Functional Genes. Mol Cells 2022; 45:522-530. [PMID: 35950452 PMCID: PMC9385571 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2022.0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Transposable elements (TEs) account for approximately 45% of the human genome. TEs have proliferated randomly and integrated into functional genes during hominoid radiation. They appear as right-handed B-DNA double helices and slightly elongated left-handed Z-DNAs. Human endogenous retrovirus (HERV) families are widely distributed in human chromosomes at a ratio of 8%. They contain a 5'-long terminal repeat (LTR)-gag-pol-env-3'-LTR structure. LTRs contain the U3 enhancer and promoter region, transcribed R region, and U5 region. LTRs can influence host gene expression by acting as regulatory elements. In this review, we describe the alternative promoters derived from LTR elements that overlap Z-DNA by comparing Z-hunt and DeepZ data for human functional genes. We also present evidence showing the regulatory activity of LTR elements containing Z-DNA in GSDML. Taken together, the regulatory activity of LTR elements with Z-DNA allows us to understand gene function in relation to various human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Du Hyeong Lee
- Department of Integrated Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
- Institute of Systems Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Woo Hyeon Bae
- Department of Integrated Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
- Institute of Systems Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Hongseok Ha
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Eun Gyung Park
- Department of Integrated Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
- Institute of Systems Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Yun Ju Lee
- Department of Integrated Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
- Institute of Systems Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Woo Ryung Kim
- Department of Integrated Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
- Institute of Systems Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Heui-Soo Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46231, Korea
- Institute of Systems Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
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Hei R, Chen J, Zhang X, Bian H, Chen C, Wu X, Han T, Zhang Y, Gu J, Lu Y, Zheng Q. CircNRIP1 acts as a sponge of miR-1200 to suppress osteosarcoma progression via upregulation of MIA2. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:2833-2849. [PMID: 35812061 PMCID: PMC9251688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a class of non-coding RNAs, play an essential role in embryo development and carcinogenesis, circNRIP1 was recently identified to promote development of multiple human cancers. This study investigated the role of circNRIP1 in osteosarcoma (OS) cells and the potential mechanisms relating to the sponging miRNAs and their target genes. OS cell lines and normal human osteoblasts were grown for qRT-PCR analysis of circNRIP1 expression and functions of circNRIP1 expression in OS cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro. Bioinformatics analysis was then performed to predict the sponge miRNA of circNRIP1 and the target gene, which was confirmed by using the dual-luciferase reporter assay. The in vivo functions of circNRIP1 was evaluated in OS cell xenograft models, while levels of relevant marker genes were examined using immunohistochemistry. CircNRIP1 was mainly localized in OS cell cytoplasm and significantly lower in OS cell lines than in normal human osteoblasts. CircNRIP1 overexpression significantly inhibited OS cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro. miR-1200 was predicted as the sponge miRNA of circNRIP1 and directly interacted with circNRIP1 confirmed by the dual-luciferase reporter assay. Moreover, miR-1200 overexpression significantly alleviated the inhibitory effect of circNRIP1 on OS cells. A protein-coding gene MIA2 was identified as the miR-1200 targeting gene and reversely associated with miR-1200 expression in OS cells. Increase in MIA2 expression in a murine OS cell xenograft model was associated with circNRIP1 expression in inhibition of OS cell xenograft growth in vivo. These data support the circNRIP1 OS-suppressive role by sponge of miR-1200 expression and in turn to upregulate MIA2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoxuan Hei
- Department of Hematological Laboratory Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinnan Chen
- Department of Hematological Laboratory Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical CenterChicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Xiaojing Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJinan 252117, Shandong, China
| | - Huiqin Bian
- Department of Hematological Laboratory Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Hematological Laboratory Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuan Wu
- Department of Hematological Laboratory Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tiaotiao Han
- Department of Hematological Laboratory Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yiming Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junxia Gu
- Department of Hematological Laboratory Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yaojuan Lu
- Department of Hematological Laboratory Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
- Shenzhen Walgenron Bio-Pharm Co., Ltd.Shenzhen 518118, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiping Zheng
- Department of Hematological Laboratory Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
- Shenzhen Walgenron Bio-Pharm Co., Ltd.Shenzhen 518118, Guangdong, China
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Maimaitiyiming Y, Ye L, Yang T, Yu W, Naranmandura H. Linear and Circular Long Non-Coding RNAs in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: From Pathogenesis to Classification and Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084442. [PMID: 35457264 PMCID: PMC9033105 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The coding regions account for only a small part of the human genome, and the remaining vast majority of the regions generate large amounts of non-coding RNAs. Although non-coding RNAs do not code for any protein, they are suggested to work as either tumor suppressers or oncogenes through modulating the expression of genes and functions of proteins at transcriptional, posttranscriptional and post-translational levels. Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) originates from malignant transformed B/T-precursor-stage lymphoid progenitors in the bone marrow (BM). The pathogenesis of ALL is closely associated with aberrant genetic alterations that block lymphoid differentiation and drive abnormal cell proliferation as well as survival. While treatment of pediatric ALL represents a major success story in chemotherapy-based elimination of a malignancy, adult ALL remains a devastating disease with relatively poor prognosis. Thus, novel aspects in the pathogenesis and progression of ALL, especially in the adult population, need to be further explored. Accumulating evidence indicated that genetic changes alone are rarely sufficient for development of ALL. Recent advances in cytogenic and sequencing technologies revealed epigenetic alterations including that of non-coding RNAs as cooperating events in ALL etiology and progression. While the role of micro RNAs in ALL has been extensively reviewed, less attention, relatively, has been paid to other non-coding RNAs. Herein, we review the involvement of linear and circular long non-coding RNAs in the etiology, maintenance, and progression of ALL, highlighting the contribution of these non-coding RNAs in ALL classification and diagnosis, risk stratification as well as treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasen Maimaitiyiming
- The Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, and Department of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.M.); (L.Y.); (T.Y.)
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Linyan Ye
- The Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, and Department of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.M.); (L.Y.); (T.Y.)
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Tao Yang
- The Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, and Department of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.M.); (L.Y.); (T.Y.)
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wenjuan Yu
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Correspondence: (W.Y.); (H.N.)
| | - Hua Naranmandura
- The Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, and Department of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.M.); (L.Y.); (T.Y.)
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Correspondence: (W.Y.); (H.N.)
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Zhao F, Lin Q, Xiang X, Xiang W. A damage-associated molecular patterns-related gene signature for the prediction of prognosis and immune microenvironment in children stage III acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:999684. [PMID: 36340735 PMCID: PMC9631945 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.999684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunogenic cell death (ICD)-mediated immune response provides a strong rationale to overcome immune evasion in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). ICD will produce damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) in tumor microenvironment. However, there are few studies on the application of DAMPs-related molecular subtypes in clinically predicting stage III of ALL prognosis. The current study is to identify the DAMPs-associated genes and their molecular subtypes in the stage III of ALL and construct a reliable risk model for prognosis as well as exploring the potential immune-related mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used Target and EBI database for differentially expressed genes (DEGs) analysis of the stage III pediatric ALL samples. Three clusters were identified based on a consistent clustering analysis. By using Cox regression and LASSO analysis, we determined DEGs that attribute to survival benefit. In addition, the Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was performed to identify potential molecular pathways regulated by the DAMPs-related gene signatures. ESTIMATE was employed for evaluating the composition of immune cell populations. RESULTS A sum of 146 DAMPs-associated DEGs in ALL were determined and seven transcripts among them were selected to establish a risk model. The DAMPs-associated gene signature significantly contributed to worse prognosis in the high-risk group. We also found that the high-risk group exhibited low immune cell infiltration and high expression of immune checkpoints. CONCLUSION In summary, our study showed that the DAMPs-related DEGs in the stage III of children ALL could be used to predict their prognosis. The risk model of DAMPs we established may be more sensitive to immunotherapy prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhao
- Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China.,Department of Pediatrics, Hengyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Hengyang, China
| | - Qiuyu Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou, China
| | - Xiayu Xiang
- Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Xiang
- Department of Pediatrics, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou, China.,Commission Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Haikou, China
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