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Cheng Y, Zhang Y, Huang P, Cheng Q, Ding H. Luteolin ameliorates pentetrazole-induced seizures through the inhibition of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. Epilepsy Res 2024; 201:107321. [PMID: 38382229 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2024.107321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Epilepsy represents a prevalent neurological disorder in the population, and the existing antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) often fail to adequately control seizures. Inflammation is recognized as a pivotal factor in the pathophysiology of epilepsy. Luteolin, a natural flavonoid extract, possesses anti-inflammatory properties and exhibits promising neuroprotective activity. Nevertheless, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying the antiepileptic effects of luteolin remain elusive. In this study, we established a rat model of epilepsy using pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) to induce seizures. A series of behavioral experiments were conducted to assess behavioral abilities and cognitive function. Histological techniques, including HE staining, Nissl staining, and TUNEL staining, were employed to assess hippocampal neuronal damage. Additionally, Western blotting, RT-qPCR, and ELISA were utilized to analyze the expression levels of proteins involved in the TLR4/IκBα/NF-κB signaling pathway, transcription levels of apoptotic factors, and levels of inflammatory cytokines, respectively. Luteolin exhibited a dose-dependent reduction in seizure severity, prolonged the latency period of seizures, and shortened seizure duration. Furthermore, luteolin prevented hippocampal neuronal damage in PTZ-induced epileptic rats and partially restored behavioral function and learning and memory abilities. Lastly, PTZ kindling activated the TLR4/IκBα/NF-κB pathway, leading to elevated levels of the cytokines TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β, which were attenuated by luteolin. Luteolin exerted anticonvulsant and neuroprotective activities in the PTZ-induced epileptic model. Its mechanism was associated with the inhibition of the TLR4/IκBα/NF-κB pathway, alleviating the immune-inflammatory response in the post-epileptic hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahong Cheng
- College of Medicine and Health Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, No.68, Xuefu South Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430023, PR China
| | - Yiyuan Zhang
- Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, No.185 Donghu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, PR China
| | - Puxin Huang
- Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, No.185 Donghu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, PR China
| | - Qingzhou Cheng
- College of Medicine and Health Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, No.68, Xuefu South Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430023, PR China.
| | - Hong Ding
- Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, No.185 Donghu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, PR China.
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Li Q, Qu Z, Jia L, Wang W. Expression and correlation of the NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain-containing 3 inflammasome and the silent information regulator 1 in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy. Epilepsy Res 2024; 201:107338. [PMID: 38447234 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2024.107338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammatory pathway is implicated in the development of epilepsy and can be suppressed by the activation of the silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1). However, the expression and correlation of the NLRP3 pathway and SIRT1 in drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) remain unknown. METHODS This study evaluated the histopathology of the cerebral cortex from nine patients with DRE and eight patients with cavernous haemangioma undergoing surgical treatment. It analysed the expression of the NLRP3, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), caspase-1 and SIRT1 using immunohistochemistry. Additionally, the contents of NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1β and SIRT1 in the serum samples of the included study participants were determined using ELISA method. The correlation between the NLRP3 pathway and the SIRT1 was assessed using Spearman's correlation analysis. RESULTS The expression of NLRP3, caspase-1 and IL-1β in the cerebral cortex of patients with DRE was elevated, with the NLRP3 expression being negatively correlated with the SIRT1 expression. Furthermore, IL-1β in serum was upregulated in patients with DRE. The correlation between the content of serum SIRT1 and NLRP3, caspase-1 and IL-1β in patients with DRE was not significant. Notably, serum caspase-1 levels were obviously higher in patients with bilateral hippocampal sclerosis than in patients with unilateral hippocampal sclerosis. CONCLUSIONS The current results indicate that the expression of the NLRP3/caspase-1/IL-1β pathway is significantly upregulated in patients with DRE and that it is partially correlated with the SIRT1 expression. This study is important for understanding the pathophysiology of DRE and developing new treatment strategies for it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- Department of Neurology, Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenzhen Qu
- Department of Neurology, Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijing Jia
- Department of Neurology, Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiping Wang
- Department of Neurology, Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, People's Republic of China.
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Li H, Yang Y, Hu M, Cao X, Ding C, Sun Q, Li R, Liu R, Xu X, Wang Y. The correlation of temporal changes of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio with seizure severity and the following seizure tendency in patients with epilepsy. Front Neurol 2022; 13:964923. [PMID: 36341114 PMCID: PMC9630561 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.964923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Changes in the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been reported to be associated with epilepsy. Here we aim to investigate the correlation of temporal changes of NLR level with seizure severity and the follow-up seizure attacks in patients with epilepsy (PWE). Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of the laboratory data including leukocyte count and NLR within 24 h of acute seizure and during the follow-up period of 5–14 days after acute seizure (NLR1, NLR2, respectively) in 115 PWE, and 98 healthy individuals were included as controls in this study. The correlation of laboratory data with seizure types, etiology of epilepsy, anti-seizure drugs (ASDs), seizure severity, and the follow-up seizure attacks in PWE was studied. Results Leukocyte count (P < 0.001) and NLR level (P < 0.001) were found significantly different between PWE and controls. On the other hand, a multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that NLR1 level (OR = 2.992, P = 0.001) and admission leukocyte (OR = 2.307, P = 0.002) were both independently associated with acute epileptic seizures. Especially, higher NLR1 level was significantly associated with status epileptics (P = 0.013) and recurrent seizures after admission (P < 0.001). Furthermore, the multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated that higher NLR1 was a predictor for the tendency of the following recurrent seizure attacks (OR = 1.144, P = 0.002). NLR2 was inversely correlated with ASDs taken (P = 0.011). Levels of NLR1 (r = 0.441, P < 0.001) and NLR2 (r = 0.241, P = 0.009) were both positively correlated with seizure severity. Conclusions Seizures were correlated with the alterations of systemic inflammation reflected by leukocyte and NLR. NLR1 and admission leukocyte were both independently associated with acute epileptic seizures. Higher NLR1 was associated with status epilepticus and independently predicted the tendency of the following epileptic seizures. NLR2 was significantly associated with ASDs taken. Besides, NLR may be used as a biomarker for seizure severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanli Li
- Department of Neurology, Epilepsy and Headache Group, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yujing Yang
- Department of Neurology, Epilepsy and Headache Group, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Mingwei Hu
- Department of Neurology, Epilepsy and Headache Group, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaoyan Cao
- Department of Neurology, Epilepsy and Headache Group, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Chuhan Ding
- Department of Neurology, Epilepsy and Headache Group, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qibing Sun
- Department of Neurology, Epilepsy and Headache Group, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ran Li
- Department of Neurology, Epilepsy and Headache Group, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ruonan Liu
- Department of Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xihai Xu
- Department of Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Xihai Xu
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Neurology, Epilepsy and Headache Group, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Yu Wang
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Rahimi N, Modabberi S, Faghir-Ghanesefat H, Shayan M, Farzad Maroufi S, Asgari Dafe E, Reza Dehpour A. The Possible Role of Nitric Oxide signaling and NMDA Receptors in Allopurinol effect on Maximal Electroshock- and Pentylenetetrazol-Induced Seizures in Mice. Neurosci Lett 2022; 778:136620. [PMID: 35395326 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Allopurinol, a uric-acid-lowering medication, has shown its efficacy in several studies suggesting that allopurinol can be prescribed as adjunctive cure meant for intractable epilepsy. The exact mechanism of allopurinol is still unknown. This study evaluates allopurinol's effect on seizure threshold, seizure incidence, and mortality rate in mice models. Moreover, the possible involvement of nitric oxide (NO) pathway and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors are investigated. To evaluate the effect of allopurinol on seizure, we used the pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizure along with maximal electroshock (MES)-induced seizure. To assess the underlying mechanism behind the allopurinol activity, we used nitric oxide synthase (NOS) substrate (L-arginine), NOS inhibitors (L-NAME, aminoguanidine, 7-nitroindazole), and NMDA receptor antagonist (MK-801). Intraperitoneal allopurinol administration at a dose of 50 mg/kg in mice showed a significant (p<0.001) anti-convulsant activity in the PTZ-induced seizure. Even though pre-treatment with L-Arginine (60 mg/kg) potentiates allopurinol's anti-convulsant effect in the PTZ-induced seizure, pre-treatment with L-NAME (10 mg/kg), aminoguanidine (100 mg/kg), and 7-nitroindazole (30 mg/kg) reversed the anti-convulsant effect of allopurinol in the PTZ-induced seizure. In addition, pre-treatment with MK-801 also decreased the anti-convulsant effect of allopurinol in the PTZ-induced seizure. While allopurinol at a dose of 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg did not induce protection against seizure incidence in the MES-induced seizure, it revealed a remarkable effect in reducing the mortality rate in the MES-induced seizure. Allopurinol increases the seizure threshold in PTZ-induced seizure and enhances the survival rate in MES-induced seizure. Allopurinol exerts its anti-convulsant effect, possibly through targeting NO pathway and NMDA receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nastaran Rahimi
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Modabberi
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hedyeh Faghir-Ghanesefat
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Shayan
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Farzad Maroufi
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elaheh Asgari Dafe
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Dehpour
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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