Application of Ultrasound Virtual Reality in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases

Changes of oxidative stress in 3D film to be prepared for echocardiography: A randomized controlled study

BACKGROUND

Echocardiography (ECHO) is a nonprocedure that causes acute stress in children. Fear, anxiety, and fluctuations in children's blood pressure and heart rate can potentially lead to alterations in echocardiographic measurements. The insufficient research on virtual reality pediatric preparation applications, particularly in the context of echocardiographic procedures, underscores the necessity for additional studies focusing on pediatric patients. This study sought to assess the impact of virtual reality applications tailored explicitly for ECHO on children's oxidative stress levels.

METHODS

This was a prospective, randomized, controlled experimental study. Forty-eight children (experimental/24, control/24) aged 7 to 12 years who had an ECHO appointment in the pediatric cardiology outpatient clinic in the 3 months from June to August 2019 participated in the study. Participants whose blood analyses showed hemolysis were eliminated, and the study was completed with 37 children in total: 16 children in the experiment and 21 children in the control. Post hoc power analysis was performed for sample adequacy, and the power of the study was found to be 0.99. A 3D film was prepared for the research and applied to the experimental group before the procedure. All children's oxidative stress levels (cortisol, malondialdehyde, nitric oxide) and glutathione levels were checked after ECHO.

RESULTS

The stress hormone cortisol and malondialdehyde levels were lower in the 3D-applied experimental group than in the control group. As another crucial anti-stress antioxidant factor, glutathione level increased in the experimental group compared to the control group (P < .05).

CONCLUSION

The research revealed that the 3D film used to prepare ECHO reduces the stress parameters associated with heart risk and may affect the ECHO measurements. At the same time, the study also proved the positive effect of 3D film preparation by increasing the anti-stress factor.

Clinical Value of Abdominal Ultrasonography in the Diagnosis of Acute Abdomen in Children

In order to study the practical application value of abdominal ultrasonography in the diagnosis and treatment of acute abdomen in children, this study uses the method of collecting clinical actual cases and scientific analysis to estimate the clinical diagnostic value of high-frequency ultrasound and low-frequency ultrasound. In order to further clarify its curative effect and treatment advantages, a retrospective analysis of medical records was conducted, and 95 children with acute abdominal pain and suspected appendicitis who were admitted to a hospital from September 2021 to November 2021 were reviewed. ATIL HD15000 color Doppler ultrasound was used for diagnosis. The results are as follows: the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of low-frequency probe in the diagnosis of intussusception in children were 83.61%, 73.33%, 92.73%, and 52.38%, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value in the diagnosis of mesenteric lymphadenitis were 80.00%, 81.97%, 52.17%, and 94.34%, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of high-frequency probe in the diagnosis of intussusception in children were 93.44%, 80.00%, 95.00%, and 75.00%, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value in the diagnosis of mesenteric lymphadenitis were 93.33%, 95.08%, 82.35%, and 98.31%, respectively. Among the children with appendicitis confirmed by operation and pathology, 69 cases were detected by high-frequency ultrasound and 4 cases were missed (including 3 cases of acute simple appendicitis and 1 case of perforated appendicitis). The false negative was 4%, there was no false positive, and the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were 95%, 100%, and 96%. In the same cases, 28 cases were detected by low-frequency ultrasound, 45 cases were missed, the false negative was 61%, and there was no false positive. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 39%, 100%, and 53%. The sensitivity, accuracy, and false negative of high-frequency ultrasound in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis were significantly higher than that of low-frequency ultrasound. This study shows that ultrasound has high accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis. Low-frequency ultrasound can show the whole picture of the disease and the situation in the abdominal cavity, which can better guide the clinical treatment. Color Doppler hemodynamics is a useful supplement to two-dimensional ultrasound, and ultrasound also plays a positive role in the differential diagnosis of acute appendicitis in children.