Wang Q, Hao J, Jiang W, Tan Q. Enhanced external counterpulsation increases coronary flow reserve in coronary microvascular disease.
Saudi Med J 2023;
44:1277-1282. [PMID:
38016747 PMCID:
PMC10712799 DOI:
10.15537/smj.2023.44.12.20230427]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
To investigates the outcomes of enhanced external counterpulsation (EECP) among coronary microvascular disease (CMD) patients.
METHODS
Coronary microvascular disease patients were separated into the EECP (n=41) and control cohorts (n=42). Prior to and following the 4-week EECP program, coronary flow reserve (CFR) was recorded using transthoracic Doppler echocardiography. The serum endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) contents were analyzed by ELISA. Quality of life (QoL) was assessed by the Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ) and the Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS) angina class.
RESULTS
After four weeks, CFR was substantially enhanced in the EECP versus control cohort (p<0.05). Endothelin-1 was strongly diminished whereas eNOS was considerably upregulated in the EECP cohort. EECP also enhanced patients' SAQ scores and decreased the CCS angina class.
CONCLUSION
Enhanced external counterpulsation may improve CFR and enhance the CMD patient QoL.
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