Depletion of Fibroblast Growth Factor 12 Restrains the Viability, Stemness, and Motility of Colorectal Cancer

Nanomedicine innovations in colon and rectal cancer: advances in targeted drug and gene delivery systems

Nanotechnology has revolutionized cancer diagnostics and therapy, offering unprecedented possibilities to overcome the constraints of conventional treatments. This study provides a detailed overview of the current progress and difficulties in the creation of nanostructured materials, with a specific emphasis on their use in drug and gene delivery systems. The study examines tactics that attempt to improve the effectiveness and safety of chemotherapeutic drugs such as doxorubicin (Dox) by focusing on the potential of antibody-drug conjugates and functionalized nanoparticles. Moreover, it clarifies the challenges encountered in administering nanoparticles orally for gastrointestinal treatments, emphasizing the crucial physicochemical properties that affect their behavior in the gastrointestinal system. This study highlights the transformational potential of nanostructured materials in precision oncology by examining advanced breakthroughs such cell membrane-camouflaged nanoparticles and inorganic nanoparticles designed for gastrointestinal disorders. The text investigates the processes involved in the absorption of nanoparticles and their destruction in lysosomes, revealing the many methods in which enterocytes take up these particles. This study strongly supports the use of advanced nanoparticle-based methods to reduce the harmful effects on the whole body and improve the effectiveness of therapy, based on a thorough examination of current experiments on animals and humans. The main objective of this paper is to provide a fundamental comprehension that will stimulate more investigation and practical use in the field of cancer nanomedicine, advancing its boundaries.

FGF12: biology and function

Fibroblast growth factor 12 (FGF12) belongs to the fibroblast growth factor homologous factors (FHF) subfamily, which is also known as the FGF11 subfamily. The human FGF12 gene is located on chromosome 3 and consists of four introns and five coding exons. Their alternative splicing results in two FGF12 isoforms - the shorter 'b' isoform and the longer 'a' isoform. Structurally, the core domain of FGF12, is highly homologous to that of the other FGF proteins, providing the classical tertiary structure of β-trefoil. FGF12 is expressed in various tissues, most abundantly in excitable cells such as neurons and cardiomyocytes. For many years, FGF12 was thought to be exclusively an intracellular protein, but recent studies have shown that it can be secreted despite the absence of a canonical signal for secretion. The best-studied function of FGF12 relates to its interaction with sodium channels. In addition, FGF12 forms complexes with signaling proteins, regulates the cytoskeletal system, binds to the FGF receptors activating signaling cascades to prevent apoptosis and interacts with the ribosome biogenesis complex. Importantly, FGF12 has been linked to nervous system disorders, cancers and cardiac diseases such as epileptic encephalopathy, pulmonary hypertension and cardiac arrhythmias, making it a potential target for gene therapy as well as a therapeutic agent.

Retracted: Depletion of Fibroblast Growth Factor 12 Restrains the Viability, Stemness, and Motility of Colorectal Cancer

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1155/2022/9948461.].