肠道菌群失调--非酒精性脂肪肝病治疗新靶点

Bifidobacterium adolescentis Is Effective in Relieving Type 2 Diabetes and May Be Related to Its Dominant Core Genome and Gut Microbiota Modulation Capacity

The prevalence of diabetes mellitus is increasing globally. Probiotics have been shown to be an effective intervention for diabetes. This study focused on the relieving effects and possible mechanisms of 16 strains of two dominant Bifidobacterium species (B. bifidum and B. adolescentis, which exist in the human gut at different life stages) on type 2 diabetes (T2D). The results indicated that more B. adolescentis strains appeared to be superior in alleviating T2D symptoms than B. bifidum strains. This effect was closely related to the ability of B. adolescentis to restore the homeostasis of the gut microbiota, increase the abundance of short-chain fatty acid-producing flora, and alleviate inflammation in mice with T2D. In addition, compared with B. bifidum, B. adolescentis had a higher number of core genes, and these genes were more evolutionarily stable, including unique environmental tolerance, carbon and nitrogen utilization genes, and a blood sugar regulation gene, glgP. This may be one of the reasons why B. adolescentis is more likely to colonize in the adult gut and show a superior ability to relieve T2D. This study provides insights into future studies aimed at investigating probiotics for the treatment of metabolic diseases.

Lactic acid bacteria reduce diabetes symptoms in mice by alleviating gut microbiota dysbiosis and inflammation in different manners

LAB exhibiting hypoglycaemic effects reduced insulin resistance by contributing to the production of SCFAs and alleviation of inflammation. L. rhamnosus regulated blood lipid more efficiently than Bifidobacterium.

Role of gut-liver axis dysfunction in pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Implications for treatment strategies

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic metabolic disease whose pathogenesis is not fully understood and involves multiple factors. Metabolic disorder caused by gut microbial imbalance is a key factor contributing to the development of NAFLD. Several studies show that gut barrier dysfunction will cause the occurrence of toxic metabolites in blood and bacterial translocation. The "dialogue" between the gut and the liver highlights the key role of the gut-liver axis in the process of NAFLD. This paper will summarize the relationship between the gut-liver axis and the pathogenesis of NAFLD, as well as its implications for the treatment of NAFLD.