1
|
Bilyalov A, Danishevich A, Nikolaev S, Vorobyov N, Abramov I, Pismennaya E, Terehova S, Kosilova Y, Primak A, Stanoevich U, Lisica T, Shipulin G, Gamayunov S, Kolesnikova E, Khatkov I, Gusev O, Bodunova N. Novel Pathogenic Variants in Hereditary Cancer Syndromes in a Highly Heterogeneous Cohort of Patients: Insights from Multigene Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 16:85. [PMID: 38201513 PMCID: PMC10778304 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16010085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a major global public health challenge, affecting both quality of life and mortality. Recent advances in genetic research have uncovered hereditary cancer syndromes (HCS) that predispose individuals to malignant neoplasms. While traditional single-gene testing has focused on high-penetrance genes, the past decade has seen a shift toward multigene panels, which facilitate the analysis of multiple genes associated with specific HCS. This approach reveals variants in less-studied gene regions and improves our understanding of cancer predisposition. In a study composed of Russian patients with clinical signs of HCS, we used a multigene hereditary cancer panel and revealed 21.6% individuals with pathogenic or likely pathogenic genetic variants. BRCA1/BRCA2 mutations predominated, followed by the CHEK2 and ATM variants. Of note, 16 previously undescribed variants were identified in the MUTYH, GALNT12, MSH2, MLH1, MLH3, EPCAM, and POLE genes. The implications of the study extend to personalized cancer prevention and treatment strategies, especially in populations lacking extensive epidemiological data, such as Russia. Overall, our research provides valuable genetic insights that give the way for further investigation and advances in the understanding and management of hereditary cancer syndromes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Airat Bilyalov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
- SBHI Moscow Clinical Scientific Center Named after Loginov MHD, 111123 Moscow, Russia (I.K.)
| | - Anastasiia Danishevich
- SBHI Moscow Clinical Scientific Center Named after Loginov MHD, 111123 Moscow, Russia (I.K.)
| | - Sergey Nikolaev
- SBHI Moscow Clinical Scientific Center Named after Loginov MHD, 111123 Moscow, Russia (I.K.)
| | - Nikita Vorobyov
- SBHI Moscow Clinical Scientific Center Named after Loginov MHD, 111123 Moscow, Russia (I.K.)
| | - Ivan Abramov
- SBHI Moscow Clinical Scientific Center Named after Loginov MHD, 111123 Moscow, Russia (I.K.)
- The Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health”, 105275 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Svetlana Terehova
- Kursk Regional Scientific and Clinical Center Named after G. Y. Ostroverkhov, 305524 Kursk, Russia; (S.T.); (Y.K.); (A.P.)
| | - Yuliya Kosilova
- Kursk Regional Scientific and Clinical Center Named after G. Y. Ostroverkhov, 305524 Kursk, Russia; (S.T.); (Y.K.); (A.P.)
| | - Anastasiia Primak
- Kursk Regional Scientific and Clinical Center Named after G. Y. Ostroverkhov, 305524 Kursk, Russia; (S.T.); (Y.K.); (A.P.)
| | - Uglesha Stanoevich
- Kursk Regional Scientific and Clinical Center Named after G. Y. Ostroverkhov, 305524 Kursk, Russia; (S.T.); (Y.K.); (A.P.)
| | - Tatyana Lisica
- Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks, Federal Medical and Biological Agency, 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - German Shipulin
- Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks, Federal Medical and Biological Agency, 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey Gamayunov
- Nizhny Novgorod Regional Oncologic Hospital, 603163 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Elena Kolesnikova
- Nizhny Novgorod Regional Oncologic Hospital, 603163 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Igor Khatkov
- SBHI Moscow Clinical Scientific Center Named after Loginov MHD, 111123 Moscow, Russia (I.K.)
| | - Oleg Gusev
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
- Life Improvement by Future Technologies (LIFT) Center, 121205 Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia Bodunova
- SBHI Moscow Clinical Scientific Center Named after Loginov MHD, 111123 Moscow, Russia (I.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Babushkina NP, Postrigan AE, Kucher AN. Involvement of Variants in the Genes Encoding BRCA1-Associated Genome Surveillance Complex (BASC) in the Development of Human Common Diseases. Mol Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893321020047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
3
|
Miller CJ, Kim GY, Zhao X, Usdin K. All three mammalian MutL complexes are required for repeat expansion in a mouse cell model of the Fragile X-related disorders. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1008902. [PMID: 32589669 PMCID: PMC7347238 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Expansion of a CGG-repeat tract in the 5' untranslated region of the FMR1 gene causes the fragile X-related disorders (FXDs; aka the FMR1 disorders). The expansion mechanism is likely shared by the 35+ other diseases resulting from expansion of a disease-specific microsatellite, but many steps in this process are unknown. We have shown previously that expansion is dependent upon functional mismatch repair proteins, including an absolute requirement for MutLγ, one of the three MutL heterodimeric complexes found in mammalian cells. We demonstrate here that both MutLα and MutLβ, the two other MutL complexes present in mammalian cells, are also required for most, if not all, expansions in a mouse embryonic stem cell model of the FXDs. A role for MutLα and MutLβ is consistent with human GWA studies implicating these complexes as modifiers of expansion risk in other Repeat Expansion Diseases. The requirement for all three complexes suggests a novel model in which these complexes co-operate to generate expansions. It also suggests that the PMS1 subunit of MutLβ may be a reasonable therapeutic target in those diseases in which somatic expansion is an important disease modifier.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carson J. Miller
- Section on Gene Structure and Disease, Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Geum-Yi Kim
- Section on Gene Structure and Disease, Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Xiaonan Zhao
- Section on Gene Structure and Disease, Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Karen Usdin
- Section on Gene Structure and Disease, Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Elfar M, Amleh A. miR-590-3p and Its Downstream Target Genes in HCC Cell Lines. Anal Cell Pathol (Amst) 2019; 2019:3234812. [PMID: 31781476 PMCID: PMC6875279 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3234812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
miRNAs are small non-coding RNA sequences of 18-25 nucleotides. They can regulate different cellular pathways by acting on tumor suppressors, oncogenes, or both. miRNAs are mostly tissue-specific, and their expression varies depending on the cancer or the tissue in which they are found. hsa-miR-590-3p was found to be involved in several types of cancers. In this study, we identified potential downstream target genes of hsa-miR-590-3p computationally. Several bioinformatics tools and more than one approach were used to identify potential downstream target genes of hsa-miR-590-3p. CX3CL1, SOX2, N-cadherin, E-cadherin, and FOXA2 were utilized as potential downstream target genes of hsa-miR-590-3p. SNU449 and HepG2, hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines, were used to carry out various molecular techniques to further validate our in silico results. mRNA and protein expression levels of these genes were detected using RT-PCR and western blotting, respectively. Co-localization of hsa-miR-590-3p and its candidate downstream target gene, SOX2, was carried out using a miRNA in situ hybridization combined with immunohistochemistry staining through anti-SOX2. The results show that there is an inverse correlation between hsa-miR-590-3p expression and SOX2 protein expression in SNU449. Subsequently, we suggest that SOX2 can be a direct downstream target of has-miR-590-3p indicating that it may have a role in the self-renewal and self-maintenance of cancer cells. We also suggest that CX3CL1, E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and FOXA2 show a lot of potential as downstream target genes of hsa-miR-590-3p signifying its role in epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Studying the expression of hsa-miR-590-3p downstream targets can enrich our understanding of the cancer pathogenesis and how it can be used as a therapeutic tool.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mennatallah Elfar
- Biotechnology Program, The American University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Asma Amleh
- Biotechnology Program, The American University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
- Biology Department, The American University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kansal R, Li X, Shen J, Samuel D, Laningham F, Lee H, Panigrahi GB, Shuen A, Kantarci S, Dorrani N, Reiss J, Shintaku P, Deignan JL, Strom SP, Pearson CE, Vilain E, Grody WW. An infant withMLH3variants,FOXG1-duplication and multiple, benign cranial and spinal tumors: A clinical exome sequencing study. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2015; 55:131-42. [DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rina Kansal
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; University of California at Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine; Los Angeles CA 90095
| | - Xinmin Li
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; University of California at Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine; Los Angeles CA 90095
| | - Joseph Shen
- Medical Genetics and Metabolism; Valley Children's Hospital; Madera CA 93636
| | - David Samuel
- Hematology/Oncology, Valley Children's Hospital; Madera CA 93636
| | - Fred Laningham
- Department of Radiology; Valley Children's Hospital; Madera CA 93636
| | - Hane Lee
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; University of California at Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine; Los Angeles CA 90095
| | - Gagan B. Panigrahi
- Program of Genetics & Genome Biology; The Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Center for Research and Learning; Toronto Ontario MSG 0A4 Canada
| | - Andrew Shuen
- Program of Genetics & Genome Biology; The Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Center for Research and Learning; Toronto Ontario MSG 0A4 Canada
- Program of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto; Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A1 Canada
| | - Sibel Kantarci
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; University of California at Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine; Los Angeles CA 90095
| | - Naghmeh Dorrani
- Pediatrics, University of California at Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine; Los Angeles CA 90095
| | - Jean Reiss
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; University of California at Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine; Los Angeles CA 90095
| | - Peter Shintaku
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; University of California at Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine; Los Angeles CA 90095
| | - Joshua L. Deignan
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; University of California at Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine; Los Angeles CA 90095
| | - Samuel P. Strom
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; University of California at Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine; Los Angeles CA 90095
| | - Christopher E. Pearson
- Program of Genetics & Genome Biology; The Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Center for Research and Learning; Toronto Ontario MSG 0A4 Canada
- Program of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto; Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A1 Canada
| | - Eric Vilain
- Pediatrics, University of California at Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine; Los Angeles CA 90095
- Human Genetics, University of California at Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine; Los Angeles CA 90095
| | - Wayne W. Grody
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; University of California at Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine; Los Angeles CA 90095
- Pediatrics, University of California at Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine; Los Angeles CA 90095
- Human Genetics, University of California at Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine; Los Angeles CA 90095
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lhotska H, Zemanova Z, Cechova H, Ransdorfova S, Lizcova L, Kramar F, Krejcik Z, Svobodova K, Bystricka D, Hrabal P, Dohnalova A, Michalova K. Genetic and epigenetic characterization of low-grade gliomas reveals frequent methylation of the MLH3 gene. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2015; 54:655-67. [PMID: 26303387 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffuse astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas (WHO grade II) are the most common histological subtypes of low-grade gliomas (LGGs). Several molecular and epigenetic markers have been identified that predict tumor progression. Our aim was in detail to investigate the genetic and epigenetic background of LGGs and to identify new markers that might play a role in tumor behavior. Twenty-three patients with oligodendroglioma or oligoastrocytoma (LGO) and 22 patients with diffuse astrocytoma (LGA) were investigated using several molecular-cytogenetic and molecular methods to assess their copy number variations, mutational status and level of promoter methylation. The most frequent findings were a 1p/19q codeletion in 83% of LGO and copy-neutral loss of heterozygosity (CN-LOH) of 17p in 72% of LGA. Somatic mutations in the isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 or 2 (IDH1/IDH2) genes were detected in 96% of LGO and 91% of LGA. The O-6-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter was methylated in 83% of LGO and 59% of LGA. MutL homolog 3 (MLH3) promoter methylation was observed in 61% of LGO and 27% of LGA. Methylation of the MGMT promoter, 1p/19q codeletion, mutated IDH1, and CN-LOH of 17p were the most frequent genetic aberrations in LGGs. The findings were more diverse in LGA than in LGO. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time description of methylation of the MLH3 gene promoter in LGGs. Further studies are required to determine the role of the methylated MLH3 promoter and the other aberrations detected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Halka Lhotska
- Center of Oncocytogenetics, Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, General University Hospital and 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Zemanova
- Center of Oncocytogenetics, Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, General University Hospital and 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Cechova
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Sarka Ransdorfova
- Cytogenetic Department, Institute of Hematology and Blood transfusion, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Libuse Lizcova
- Center of Oncocytogenetics, Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, General University Hospital and 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Filip Kramar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Central Military Hospital and 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Krejcik
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Karla Svobodova
- Center of Oncocytogenetics, Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, General University Hospital and 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Dagmar Bystricka
- Center of Oncocytogenetics, Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, General University Hospital and 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Hrabal
- Department of Neurosurgery, Central Military Hospital and 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Dohnalova
- Institute of Physiology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Kyra Michalova
- Center of Oncocytogenetics, Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, General University Hospital and 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague 2, Czech Republic.,Cytogenetic Department, Institute of Hematology and Blood transfusion, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang X, Ding M, Ding X, Li T, Chen H. Six polymorphisms in genes involved in DNA double-strand break repair and chromosome synapsis: association with male infertility. Syst Biol Reprod Med 2015; 61:187-93. [PMID: 26086992 DOI: 10.3109/19396368.2015.1027014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Four genes involved in DNA double-strand break repair and chromosome synapsis, i.e., testis expressed gene 11 (TEX11), testis expressed gene 15 (TEX15), mutL homolog 1 (MLH1), and homolog 3 (MLH3), play critical roles in genome integrity, meiotic recombination, and gametogenesis. We explored the possible association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in these genes and idiopathic male infertility involving azoospermia or oligozoospermia. A total of 614 fertile control and infertile men were recruited to this study in Sichuan, China. The latter group included 244 men with azoospermia and 72 men with oligozoospermia. Six SNPs in the TEX11, TEX15, MLH1, and MLH3 genes were investigated in both patients and controls by sequencing. The frequency distributions of SNPs rs6525433, rs175080, rs6525433-rs4844247, and rs1800734-rs175080 were found to be significantly different between patients and control groups (p < 0.05), while rs4844247, rs323344, rs323346, and rs1800734 showed no significant difference between the two cohorts. Thus, the SNPs TEX11 rs6525433, MLH3 rs175080, rs6525433-rs4844247, and rs1800734-rs175080 might be associated with male infertility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Zhang
- Institute of Medical Genetics, College of Life Science, Sichuan University , Chengdu , China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bai H, Guo X, Zhang D, Narisu N, Bu J, Jirimutu J, Liang F, Zhao X, Xing Y, Wang D, Li T, Zhang Y, Guan B, Yang X, Yang Z, Shuangshan S, Su Z, Wu H, Li W, Chen M, Zhu S, Bayinnamula B, Chang Y, Gao Y, Lan T, Suyalatu S, Huang H, Su Y, Chen Y, Li W, Yang X, Feng Q, Wang J, Yang H, Wang J, Wu Q, Yin Y, Zhou H. The genome of a Mongolian individual reveals the genetic imprints of Mongolians on modern human populations. Genome Biol Evol 2014; 6:3122-36. [PMID: 25377941 PMCID: PMC4540083 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evu242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mongolians have played a significant role in modern human evolution, especially after the rise of Genghis Khan (1162[?]-1227). Although the social cultural impacts of Genghis Khan and the Mongolian population have been well documented, explorations of their genome structure and genetic imprints on other human populations have been lacking. We here present the genome of a Mongolian male individual. The genome was de novo assembled using a total of 130.8-fold genomic data produced from massively parallel whole-genome sequencing. We identified high-confidence variation sets, including 3.7 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 756,234 short insertions and deletions. Functional SNP analysis predicted that the individual has a pathogenic risk for carnitine deficiency. We located the patrilineal inheritance of the Mongolian genome to the lineage D3a through Y haplogroup analysis and inferred that the individual has a common patrilineal ancestor with Tibeto-Burman populations and is likely to be the progeny of the earliest settlers in East Asia. We finally investigated the genetic imprints of Mongolians on other human populations using different approaches. We found varying degrees of gene flows between Mongolians and populations living in Europe, South/Central Asia, and the Indian subcontinent. The analyses demonstrate that the genetic impacts of Mongolians likely resulted from the expansion of the Mongolian Empire in the 13th century. The genome will be of great help in further explorations of modern human evolution and genetic causes of diseases/traits specific to Mongolians.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haihua Bai
- Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao, China
| | - Xiaosen Guo
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dong Zhang
- Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Key Lab of Bio-Manufacture, Hohhot, China
| | - Narisu Narisu
- Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Junjie Bu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | | | | | | | - Yanping Xing
- Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Key Lab of Bio-Manufacture, Hohhot, China
| | - Dingzhu Wang
- Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao, China
| | - Tongda Li
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanru Zhang
- Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Key Lab of Bio-Manufacture, Hohhot, China
| | - Baozhu Guan
- Inner Mongolia International Mongolian Hospital, Hohhot, China
| | | | - Zili Yang
- Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Key Lab of Bio-Manufacture, Hohhot, China
| | - Shuangshan Shuangshan
- Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao, China Baotou Normal College, Baotou, China
| | - Zhe Su
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huiguang Wu
- Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao, China
| | | | - Ming Chen
- Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao, China Department of Bioinformatics, College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | | | | | | | - Ying Gao
- Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao, China
| | | | | | | | - Yan Su
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yujie Chen
- Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao, China
| | | | - Xu Yang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiang Feng
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jian Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China James D. Watson Institute of Genome Science, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huanming Yang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China James D. Watson Institute of Genome Science, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Denmark King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia Centre for iSequencing, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Qizhu Wu
- Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao, China
| | - Ye Yin
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huanmin Zhou
- Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Key Lab of Bio-Manufacture, Hohhot, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Buchanan DD, Rosty C, Clendenning M, Spurdle AB, Win AK. Clinical problems of colorectal cancer and endometrial cancer cases with unknown cause of tumor mismatch repair deficiency (suspected Lynch syndrome). APPLICATION OF CLINICAL GENETICS 2014; 7:183-93. [PMID: 25328415 PMCID: PMC4199650 DOI: 10.2147/tacg.s48625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Carriers of a germline mutation in one of the DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes have a high risk of developing numerous different cancers, predominantly colorectal cancer and endometrial cancer (known as Lynch syndrome). MMR gene mutation carriers develop tumors with MMR deficiency identified by tumor microsatellite instability or immunohistochemical loss of MMR protein expression. Tumor MMR deficiency is used to identify individuals most likely to carry an MMR gene mutation. However, MMR deficiency can also result from somatic inactivation, most commonly methylation of the MLH1 gene promoter. As tumor MMR testing of all incident colorectal and endometrial cancers (universal screening) is becoming increasingly adopted, a growing clinical problem is emerging for individuals who have tumors that show MMR deficiency who are subsequently found not to carry an MMR gene mutation after genetic testing using the current diagnostic approaches (Sanger sequencing and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification) and who also show no evidence of MLH1 methylation. The inability to determine the underlying cause of tumor MMR deficiency in these “Lynch-like” or “suspected Lynch syndrome” cases has significant implications on the clinical management of these individuals and their relatives. When the data from published studies are combined, 59% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 55% to 64%) of colorectal cancers and 52% (95% CI: 41% to 62%) of endometrial cancers with MMR deficiency were identified as suspected Lynch syndrome. Recent studies estimated that colorectal cancer risk for relatives of suspected Lynch syndrome cases is lower than for relatives of those with MMR gene mutations, but higher than for relatives of those with tumor MMR deficiency resulting from methylation of the MLH1 gene promoter. The cause of tumor MMR deficiency in suspected Lynch syndrome cases is likely due to either unidentified germline MMR gene mutations, somatic cell mosaicism, or biallelic somatic inactivation. Determining the underlying cause of tumor MMR deficiency in suspected Lynch syndrome cases is likely to reshape the current triaging schemes used to identify germline MMR gene mutations in cancer-affected individuals and their relatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel D Buchanan
- Oncogenomics Group, Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia ; Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Christophe Rosty
- Oncogenomics Group, Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia ; Envoi Specialist Pathologists, Herston, QLD, Australia ; School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Mark Clendenning
- Oncogenomics Group, Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Amanda B Spurdle
- Molecular Cancer Epidemiology Laboratory, Genetics and Computational Biology Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Aung Ko Win
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ye F, Cheng Q, Shen J, Zhou C, Chen H. Mismatch repair gene MLH3 Pro844Leu and Thr942Ile polymorphisms and the susceptibility to cervical carcinoma and HPV infection: a case-control study in a Chinese population. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96224. [PMID: 24759751 PMCID: PMC3997526 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the association between MLH3 Pro844Leu, Thr942Ile polymorphisms and potential linkage with the risk of cervical carcinoma and potential effect on protein function, we carried out a case-control study with 400 cervical squamous cell carcinoma, 400 CIN3 and 1200 normal controls in a Chinese population. The results showed that there was an increased risk of cervical carcinoma and CIN3 associated with the genotype 844CT [OR 2.17 (1.61–2.94); P<0.001; OR 1.49 (1.08–2.07), P 0.017, respectively] and a decreased risk with the 942CT genotype [OR 0.56 (0.38–0.82); P<0.001; OR 0.37 (0.24–0.58), P<0.001, respectively]. Most 844CT genotypes were linkage CT(844)-CC(942), which increased the risk of cervical carcinoma and CIN3 [77/83, OR 2.04 (1.48–2.80), P<0.001; 55/61, OR 1.46 (1.03–2.06), P 0.035, respectively]. Most 942CT were linkage CC(844)-CT(942), which decreased the risk of cervical carcinoma [29/35, OR 0.60 (0.40–0.91); P 0.017; 18/24, OR 0.33 (0.20–0.55), P<0.001, respectively]. In some grouping, the 844CT and 942CT were further enriched; especially HR-HPV-positive subjects both in the CIN3 and the cervical carcinoma, the 844CT had greater enrichment. These results included that CT(844)-CC(942) was associated with a high risk of cervical carcinoma and CIN3, and the CC(844)-CT(942) decreased the risk. The 844CT had a higher level of enrichment in HR-HPV positive individuals, which is probably related to HR-HPV susceptibility. There was no significant difference of the MLH3 mRNA expression and these two amino acid substitutions did not impact on the protein function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Ye
- Women’s Reproductive Health Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qi Cheng
- Women’s Reproductive Health Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiajie Shen
- Women’s Reproductive Health Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Caiyun Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huaizeng Chen
- Women’s Reproductive Health Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Llauradó M, Ruiz A, Majem B, Ertekin T, Colás E, Pedrola N, Devis L, Rigau M, Sequeiros T, Montes M, Garcia M, Cabrera S, Gil-Moreno A, Xercavins J, Castellví J, Garcia A, Ramón y Cajal S, Moreno G, Alameda F, Vázquez-Levin M, Palacios J, Prat J, Doll A, Matías-Guiu X, Abal M, Reventós J. Molecular bases of endometrial cancer: new roles for new actors in the diagnosis and the therapy of the disease. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2012; 358:244-55. [PMID: 22037169 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2011.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2011] [Revised: 09/30/2011] [Accepted: 10/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Endometrial carcinoma (EC) is the most commonly diagnosed gynecologic malignancy in the western world. The majority of these cancers are curable, but a subset about 15-20% of endometrial tumors exhibits an aggressive phenotype. Based on clinic-pathological and molecular characteristics, EC has been classified into two groups: Type I estrogen-dependent adenocarcinomas, which have a good prognosis and an endometrioid histology, and Type II or non-estrogen-dependent EC associated with poor prognosis and non-endometrioid histology. EC develops as a result of a stepwise accumulation of alterations that seem to be specific of each histological type. However, more knowledge is needed to better understand the differences in the biology and the clinical outcome of EC. We would like to highlight the need to explore new potential biomarkers of EC as a tool for the detection and monitoring of aggressive endometrial tumors that, at the same time, will allow us to develop novel and more selective molecular targeted therapies against EC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Llauradó
- Biomedical Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute and University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ferrás C, Fernandes S, Silva J, Barros A, Sousa M. Expression analysis of MLH3, MLH1, and MSH4 in maturation arrest. Reprod Sci 2012; 19:587-96. [PMID: 22344730 DOI: 10.1177/1933719111428521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The expression of DNA mismatch repair (DMMR) genes in patients with maturation arrest (MA) was analyzed. Samples were subjected to mutL homolog 3 (MLH3) mutation analysis by denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography/sequencing and quantification of MMR expression in testicular tissue by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Microsatellite instability assays were negative. Two missense and 1 intronic mutations were found. The missense mutation 2531C/T (P844 L), predicted to affect MLH3 function, was found in 3 MA cases in association with the intronic variant IVS9 + 66G/A. Relative messenger RNA (mRNA) quantification identified 2 patients who overexpressed MLH3, 1 of them also overexpressing mutL homolog 1 (MLH1). The latter also presented the 2531C/T-IVS9 + 66G/A mutation. In conclusion, we suggest that a predominance of MLH3 expression might favor the MLH1/MLH3 complex which then would compete with the MLH1/PMS2 complexes. This could convey disruption of the relative stoichiometry between MLH1/MLH3 and MLH1/PMS2 complexes, thus causing meiosis failure, as MLH1/PMS2 complexes are supposed to replace MLH1/MLH3 during diplonema.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Ferrás
- Laboratory of Chromosome Instability and Dynamics, Institute for Molecular Cell Biology (IBMC), Rua do Campo Alegre, Porto, Portugal
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Xu K, Lu T, Zhou H, Bai L, Xiang Y. The role of MSH5 C85T and MLH3 C2531T polymorphisms in the risk of male infertility with azoospermia or severe oligozoospermia. Clin Chim Acta 2009; 411:49-52. [PMID: 19808033 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2009.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2009] [Revised: 09/10/2009] [Accepted: 09/29/2009] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mismatch repair proteins MSH5 and MLH3 play a crucial role in spermatogenesis. We tested this hypothesis by examining the contribution of functional polymorphisms in MSH5 C85T and MLH3 C2531T to the risk of male infertility. METHODS We investigated Chinese patients, including 162 infertile individuals with idiopathic azoospermia or severe oligozoospermia, and 160 fertile men as controls. RESULTS We observed an increased risk of male infertility associated with the MSH5 (CT+TT) (OR, 2.51; 95% CI, 1.43-4.40; P<0.001) or MLH3 (CT+TT) (OR, 1.98; 95% CI, 1.23-3.17; P<0.001) genotype, compared to the MSH5 CC or MLH3 CC genotype, respectively. Interactions between these MSH5 and MLH3 polymorphisms increased the risk of male infertility in a multiplicative manner, with the OR being 6.78 (95% CI, 2.12-21.68) for subjects carrying both MSH5 (CT+TT) and MLH3 (CT+TT) genotypes. CONCLUSIONS There is an association of polymorphism C85T in MSH5 or C2531T in MLH3 with male infertility, specifically azoospermia or severe oligozoospermia, and interaction between these MSH5 and MLH3 polymorphisms increased the risk of developing male infertility. Therefore, the MSH5 and MLH3 polymorphisms may be genetic determinants for human spermatogenesis impairment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keqian Xu
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 172 Tongzipo Rd, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ou J, Rasmussen M, Westers H, Andersen SD, Jager PO, Kooi KA, Niessen RC, Eggen BJL, Nielsen FC, Kleibeuker JH, Sijmons RH, Rasmussen LJ, Hofstra RMW. Biochemical characterization of MLH3 missense mutations does not reveal an apparent role of MLH3 in Lynch syndrome. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2009; 48:340-50. [PMID: 19156873 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.20644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
So far 18 MLH3 germline mutations/variants have been identified in familial colorectal cancer cases. Sixteen of these variants are amino acid substitutions of which the pathogenic nature is still unclear. These substitutions are known as unclassified variants or UVs. To clarify a possible role for eight of these MLH3 UVs identified in suspected Lynch syndrome patients, we performed several biochemical tests. We determined the protein expression and stability, protein localization and interaction of the mutant MLH3 proteins with wildtype MLH1. All eight MLH3 UVs gave protein expression levels comparable with wildtype MLH3. Furthermore, the UV-containing proteins, in contrast to previous studies, were all localized normally in the nucleus and they interacted normally with wildtype MLH1. Our different biochemical assays yielded no evidence that the eight MLH3 UVs tested are the cause of hereditary colorectal cancer, including Lynch syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianghua Ou
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Korhonen MK, Vuorenmaa E, Nyström M. The first functional study of MLH3 mutations found in cancer patients. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2008; 47:803-9. [PMID: 18521850 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.20581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The MLH3 gene is one of the five mismatch repair (MMR) genes associated with hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC). Eighteen different inherited MLH3 mutations have been reported as pathogenic in an international mutation database. In several cases, a mutation was found in a patient without a family history suggestive of inherited cancer susceptibility. In some cases, a similar mutation was also found in sporadic patients and/or healthy controls. Four patients carried an MLH3 mutation together with another inherited MMR gene variation. No functional analyses have been performed to assess the pathogenicity of these 18 mutations. MLH3 has been assumed to be less important in MMR than the other HNPCC susceptibility genes MSH2, MSH6, MLH1, and PMS2, and accordingly a low-risk gene for colorectal cancer (CRC). To assess the significance of the inherited sequence variations in MLH3, we functionally characterized seven missense mutations (Q24E, R647C, S817G, G933C, W1276R, A1394T, E1451K) scattered throughout the MLH3 polypeptide. The mutations were found in CRC or endometrial cancer patients and reported as pathogenic. Our study showed that the seven mutated MLH3 proteins, in complex with their counterpart MLH1 (MutLgamma), repaired mismatches as the wild type MutLgamma but worse than a heterodimer of MLH1 and PMS2 (MutLalpha). The results confirm that MutLgamma is a less efficient MMR complex than MutLalpha and show that the MLH3 mutations alone do not interfere with MMR. Further studies are needed to evaluate the pathogenicity of MLH3 mutations in compound with other MMR mutations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mari K Korhonen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Genetics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Hirai Y, Banno K, Suzuki M, Ichikawa Y, Udagawa Y, Sugano K, Miki Y. Molecular epidemiological and mutational analysis of DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes in endometrial cancer patients with HNPCC-associated familial predisposition to cancer. Cancer Sci 2008; 99:1715-9. [PMID: 18624996 PMCID: PMC11159862 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2008.00886.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Recently, a high rate of endometrial cancer has been reported in women with hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC), suggesting a relationship between familial endometrial cancers and HNPCC. Familial endometrial cancers constitute only about 0.5% of all endometrial carcinomas and it is essential to examine family histories in detail. A mutational analysis of three DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes (hMLH1, hMSH2 and hMSH6) in patients with endometrial cancer who meet our criteria for familial predisposition to HNPCC-associated endometrial cancers was performed. Mutations were detected in 18 of the 120 patients (15.0%). Most HNPCC-related endometrial cancers do not meet the New Amsterdam Criteria for HNPCC. These clinical criteria may identify only some HNPCC-associated endometrial cancers. Establishing the correct family history for endometrial cancer patients is important for diagnosing familial endometrial carcinomas. An analysis of MMR genes may be useful for patients with endometrial cancer showing familial aggregation. In addition, gynecologists must be accurately informed, and it is important to perform large-scale, multicenter studies both nationwide and internationally.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Hirai
- Department of Cytology and Gynecology, Cancer Institute Hospital of Ariake, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-10-6 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Doll A, Abal M, Rigau M, Monge M, Gonzalez M, Demajo S, Colás E, Llauradó M, Alazzouzi H, Planagumá J, Lohmann MA, Garcia J, Castellvi S, Ramon y Cajal J, Gil-Moreno A, Xercavins J, Alameda F, Reventós J. Novel molecular profiles of endometrial cancer-new light through old windows. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2008; 108:221-9. [PMID: 18061438 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2007.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Endometrial carcinoma (EC) is the most common gynecological malignancy in the western world. A widely accepted dualistic model, which has been established on a morphological basis, differentiates EC into two broad categories: Type I oestrogen-dependent adenocarcinoma with an endometrioid morphology and Type II non-oestrogen-dependent EC with a serous papillary or clear cell morphology. Molecular genetic evidence indicates that endometrial carcinoma, as described in other malignancies, likely develops as the result of a stepwise accumulation of alterations in cellular regulatory pathways, such as oncogene activation and tumor suppressor gene inactivation, which lead to dysfunctional cell growth. These molecular alterations appear to be specific in Type I and Type II cancers. In type I endometrioid endometrial cancer, PTEN gene silencing in conjunction with defects in DNA mismatch repair genes, as evidenced by the microsatellite instability phenotype, or mutations in the K-ras and/or beta-catenin genes, are recognized major alterations, which define the progression of the normal endometrium to hyperplasia, to endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia, and then on to carcinoma. In contrast, Type II cancers show mutations of TP53 and Her-2/neu and seem to arise from a background of atrophic endometrium. Nevertheless, despite the great effort made to establish a molecularly-based histological classification, the following issues must still be clarified: what triggers the tumor cells to invade the myometrium and what causes vascular or lymphatic dissemination, finally culminating in metastasis? RUNX1, a transcription factor, was recently identified as one of the most highly over-expressed genes in a microarray study of invasive endometrial carcinoma. Another candidate gene, which may be associated with an initial switch to myometrial infiltration, is the transcription factor ETV5/ERM. These studies, as well as those conducted for other genes possibly involved in the mitotic checkpoint as a major mechanism of carcinogenesis in non-endometrioid endometrial cancer, could help in understanding the differences in the biology and the clinical outcome among histological types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Doll
- Unitat de Recerca Biomedica, Research Institute Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ferrás C, Zhou XL, Sousa M, Lindblom A, Barros A. DNA mismatch repair gene hMLH3 variants in meiotic arrest. Fertil Steril 2007; 88:1681-4. [PMID: 17482610 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.01.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2006] [Revised: 01/18/2007] [Accepted: 01/18/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Defects of the DNA mismatch repair gene hMLH3 were screened by denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography and sequencing in germinal tissue DNA from patients with spermatogenic arrest, with sequence variations being confirmed in genomic DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) direct sequencing analysis. Four missense (2896T/C, 2531C/T) and eight intronic (IVS9+66G/A) variants were found, with the combination of 2531C/T and IVS9+66G/A being identified only in patients with primary meiotic arrest, thus suggesting that two simultaneous hMLH3 variants might predispose to spermatogenic arrest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Ferrás
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|