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Trova S, Lin F, Lomada S, Fenton M, Chauhan B, Adams A, Puri A, Di Maio A, Wieland T, Sewell D, Dick K, Wiseman D, Wilks DP, Goodall M, Drayson MT, Khanim FL, Bunce CM. Pathogen and human NDPK-proteins promote AML cell survival via monocyte NLRP3-inflammasome activation. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288162. [PMID: 37418424 PMCID: PMC10328239 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A history of infection has been linked with increased risk of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and related myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Furthermore, AML and MDS patients suffer frequent infections because of disease-related impaired immunity. However, the role of infections in the development and progression of AML and MDS remains poorly understood. We and others previously demonstrated that the human nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDPK) NM23-H1 protein promotes AML blast cell survival by inducing secretion of IL-1β from accessory cells. NDPKs are an evolutionary highly conserved protein family and pathogenic bacteria secrete NDPKs that regulate virulence and host-pathogen interactions. Here, we demonstrate the presence of IgM antibodies against a broad range of pathogen NDPKs and more selective IgG antibody activity against pathogen NDPKs in the blood of AML patients and normal donors, demonstrating that in vivo exposure to NDPKs likely occurs. We also show that pathogen derived NDPK-proteins faithfully mimic the catalytically independent pro-survival activity of NM23-H1 against primary AML cells. Flow cytometry identified that pathogen and human NDPKs selectively bind to monocytes in peripheral blood. We therefore used vitamin D3 differentiated monocytes from wild type and genetically modified THP1 cells as a model to demonstrate that NDPK-mediated IL-1β secretion by monocytes is NLRP3-inflammasome and caspase 1 dependent, but independent of TLR4 signaling. Monocyte stimulation by NDPKs also resulted in activation of NF-κB and IRF pathways but did not include the formation of pyroptosomes or result in pyroptotic cell death which are pivotal features of canonical NLRP3 inflammasome activation. In the context of the growing importance of the NLRP3 inflammasome and IL-1β in AML and MDS, our findings now implicate pathogen NDPKs in the pathogenesis of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Trova
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Fei Lin
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Santosh Lomada
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Matthew Fenton
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Bhavini Chauhan
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra Adams
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Avani Puri
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Alessandro Di Maio
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Wieland
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Daniel Sewell
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Kirstin Dick
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Wiseman
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Deepti P. Wilks
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Manchester Cancer Research Centre Biobank, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Margaret Goodall
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Mark T. Drayson
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Farhat L. Khanim
- Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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2
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Al-Raawi D, Kanhere A. Autoregulation of JARID2 through PRC2 interaction with its antisense ncRNA. BMC Res Notes 2020; 13:501. [PMID: 33126912 PMCID: PMC7602346 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-020-05348-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective JARID2 is a member of chromatin-modifying Polycomb Repressive Complex-2 or PRC2. It plays a role in recruiting PRC2 to developmental genes and regulating its activity. JARID2 along with PRC2 is indispensable for normal development. However, it remains unclear how JARID2 expression itself is regulated. Recently a number of non-protein-coding RNAs or ncRNAs are shown to regulate transcription. An antisense ncRNA, JARID2-AS1, is expressed from the first intron of JARID2 isoform-1 but its role in regulation of JARID2 expression has not been investigated. The objective of this study was to explore the role of JARID2-AS1 in regulating JARID2 and consequently PRC2. Results We found that JARID2-AS1 is localised in the nucleus and shows anti-correlated expression pattern to that of JARID2 isoform-1 mRNA. More interestingly, data mining approach strongly indicates that JARID2-AS1 binds to PRC2. These are important observations that provide insights into transcriptional regulation of JARID2, especially because they indicate that JARID2-AS1 by interacting and probably recruiting PRC2 participates in an auto-regulatory loop that controls levels of JARID2. This holds importance in regulation of developmental and differentiation processes. However, to support this hypothesis, further in-depth studies are needed which can verify JARID2-AS1-PRC2 interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diaa Al-Raawi
- Tumour Biology Research Program, 57357 Children's Cancer Hospital, Cairo, Egypt.,School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Aditi Kanhere
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom. .,Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GE, United Kingdom.
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3
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Sklarz LM, Gladbach YS, Ernst M, Hamed M, Roolf C, Sender S, Beck J, Schütz E, Fischer S, Struckmann S, Junghanss C, Fuellen G, Murua Escobar H. Combination of the PI3K inhibitor Idelalisib with the conventional cytostatics cytarabine and dexamethasone leads to changes in pathway activation that induce anti-proliferative effects in B lymphoblastic leukaemia cell lines. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:390. [PMID: 32817744 PMCID: PMC7425054 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01431-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The introduction of combined conventional cytostatics and pathway-specific inhibitors has opened new treatment options for several cancer types including hematologic neoplasia such as leukaemias. As the detailed understanding of the combination-induced molecular effects is often lacking, the identification of combination-induced molecular mechanisms bears significant value for the further development of interventional approaches. METHODS Combined application of conventional cytostatic agents (cytarabine and dexamethasone) with the PI3K-inhibitor Idelalisib was analysed on cell-biologic parameters in two acute pro-B lymphoblastic leukaemia (B-ALL) cell lines. In particular, for comparative characterisation of the molecular signatures induced by the combined and mono application, whole transcriptome sequencing was performed. Emphasis was placed on pathways and genes exclusively regulated by drug combinations. RESULTS Idelalisib + cytostatics combinations changed pathway activation for, e.g., "Retinoblastoma in cancer", "TGF-b signalling", "Cell cycle" and "DNA-damage response" to a greater extent than the two cytostatics alone. Analyses of the top-20 regulated genes revealed that both combinations induce characteristic gene expression changes. CONCLUSION A specific set of genes was exclusively deregulated by the drug combinations, matching the combination-specific anti-proliferative cell-biologic effects. The addition of Idelalisib suggests minor synergistic effects which are rather to be classified as additive.
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Affiliation(s)
- L.-M. Sklarz
- Department of Medicine, Clinic III - Hematology/Oncology/Palliative Care, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Y. S. Gladbach
- Institute for Biostatistics and Informatics in Medicine and Ageing Research (IBIMA), Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Applied Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M. Ernst
- Institute for Biostatistics and Informatics in Medicine and Ageing Research (IBIMA), Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M. Hamed
- Institute for Biostatistics and Informatics in Medicine and Ageing Research (IBIMA), Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - C. Roolf
- Department of Medicine, Clinic III - Hematology/Oncology/Palliative Care, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - S. Sender
- Department of Medicine, Clinic III - Hematology/Oncology/Palliative Care, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - J. Beck
- Chronix Biomedical GmbH, Göttingen, Germany
| | - E. Schütz
- Chronix Biomedical GmbH, Göttingen, Germany
| | - S. Fischer
- Institute for Biostatistics and Informatics in Medicine and Ageing Research (IBIMA), Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - S. Struckmann
- Institute for Biostatistics and Informatics in Medicine and Ageing Research (IBIMA), Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - C. Junghanss
- Department of Medicine, Clinic III - Hematology/Oncology/Palliative Care, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - G. Fuellen
- Department of Medicine, Clinic III - Hematology/Oncology/Palliative Care, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - H. Murua Escobar
- Department of Medicine, Clinic III - Hematology/Oncology/Palliative Care, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
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Shi X, Yang Y, Shang S, Wu S, Zhang W, Peng L, Huang T, Zhang R, Ren R, Mi J, Wang Y. Cooperation of Dnmt3a R878H with Nras G12D promotes leukemogenesis in knock-in mice: a pilot study. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:1072. [PMID: 31703632 PMCID: PMC6842226 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-6207-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNMT3A R882H, a frequent mutation in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), plays a critical role in malignant hematopoiesis. Recent findings suggest that DNMT3A mutant acts as a founder mutation and requires additional genetic events to induce full-blown AML. Here, we investigated the cooperation of mutant DNMT3A and NRAS in leukemogenesis by generating a double knock-in (DKI) mouse model harboring both Dnmt3a R878H and Nras G12D mutations. METHODS DKI mice with both Dnmt3a R878H and Nras G12D mutations were generated by crossing Dnmt3a R878H knock-in (KI) mice and Nras G12D KI mice. Routine blood test, flow cytometry analysis and morphological analysis were performed to determine disease phenotype. RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq), RT-PCR and Western blot were carried out to reveal the molecular mechanism. RESULTS The DKI mice developed a more aggressive AML with a significantly shortened lifespan and higher percentage of blast cells compared with KI mice expressing Dnmt3a or Nras mutation alone. RNA-seq analysis showed that Dnmt3a and Nras mutations collaboratively caused abnormal expression of a series of genes related to differentiation arrest and growth advantage. Myc transcription factor and its target genes related to proliferation and apoptosis were up-regulated, thus contributing to promote the process of leukemogenesis. CONCLUSION This study showed that cooperation of DNMT3A mutation and NRAS mutation could promote the onset of AML by synergistically disturbing the transcriptional profiling with Myc pathway involvement in DKI mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Siqi Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Songfang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Weina Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Lijun Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Ting Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Ruihong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Ruibao Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jianqing Mi
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Yueying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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5
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Liu L, Li M, Zhang C, Zhang J, Li G, Zhang Z, He X, Fan M. Prognostic value and clinicopathologic significance of nm23 in various cancers: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Surg 2018; 60:257-265. [PMID: 30389538 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2018.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Extensive studies have been carried out to investigate the association between nm23 expression and the prognosis and clinicopathologic significance of various tumors. METHODS AND MATERIALS Eligible studies were searched from Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), PubMed and Web of Science up to May 2017. In this study, we calculated the pooled hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) to determine the association between nm23 expression and the prognosis of various tumors. RESULTS A total of 49 studies were finally included in the meta-analysis. The pooled HRs were 2.00 (95% CIs: 1.44-2.78) for overall survival (OS), 1.23 (95% CIs: 1.04-1.46) for disease-specific survival or progression-free survival (DFS/PFS), and 2.21 (95% CIs: 1.38-3.57) for survival of recurrence-free survival or metastasis-free survival (RFS/MFS). Moreover, the results indicated that low nm23 expression was significantly correlated with the lymph node metastasis (P = 0.002). For the subgroup analysis, the expression of nm23 in patients at N0 stage was obviously higher than the patients with breast carcinoma at N1-N3 stage [Odds ratio (OR) = 2.07, 95%CI (1.31, 3.26), P = 0.002]. Moreover, the expression of nm23 in the patients at N0 stage was remarkably higher than those at N1-N3 stages in the Chinese patients with breast carcinoma and those with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (P < 0.05). Whereas, no statistical difference was noticed in the expression of nm23 in patients of various age, gender, T stage, histological degree, TNM stage, respectively (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Our study suggests that down-regulation of nm23 is related to poor prognosis in many cancers. The expression of nm23 in cancer tissues may serve as an important factor for evaluating the presence of lymph node metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, PR China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Man Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, 442000, PR China
| | - Chengdong Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200082, PR China
| | - Junhua Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Guoyi Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, 442000, PR China
| | - Zhimin Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, 442000, PR China
| | - Xinhong He
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China; Department of Interventional Radiology, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, 200032, PR China.
| | - Min Fan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, PR China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.
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6
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Bunce CM, Khanim FL. The 'known-knowns', and 'known-unknowns' of extracellular Nm23-H1/NDPK proteins. J Transl Med 2018; 98:602-608. [PMID: 29339833 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-017-0012-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleoside diphosphate kinases (NDPKs/NDK/NME) are a multifunctional class of proteins conserved throughout evolution. Whilst many of the functions of NDPKs have been identified as intracellular, extracellular eukaryotic and prokaryotic NDPK proteins are also detected in multiple systems and have been implicated in both normal physiology and disease. This review provides an overview of where the field stands on our developing understanding of how NDPK proteins get out of cells, the physiological role of extracellular NDPKs, and how extracellular NDPKs may signal to cells. We will also discuss some of the unanswered questions, the 'known-unknowns' that particularly warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris M Bunce
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Farhat L Khanim
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
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7
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Okabe-Kado J, Hagiwara-Watanabe Y, Niitsu N, Kasukabe T, Kaneko Y. NM23 downregulation and lysophosphatidic acid receptor EDG2/lpa1 upregulation during myeloid differentiation of human leukemia cells. Leuk Res 2018; 66:39-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/01/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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8
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Romani P, Ignesti M, Gargiulo G, Hsu T, Cavaliere V. Extracellular NME proteins: a player or a bystander? J Transl Med 2018; 98:248-257. [PMID: 29035383 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2017.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Nm23/NME gene family has been under intensive study since Nm23H1/NME1 was identified as the first metastasis suppressor. Inverse correlation between the expression levels of NME1/2 and prognosis has indeed been demonstrated in different tumor cohorts. Interestingly, the presence of NME proteins in the extracellular environment in normal and tumoral conditions has also been noted. In many reported cases, however, these extracellular NME proteins exhibit anti-differentiation or oncogenic functions, contradicting their canonical anti-metastatic action. This emerging field thus warrants further investigation. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of extracellular NME proteins. A role in promoting stem cell pluripotency and inducing development of central nervous system as well as a neuroprotective function of extracellular NME have been suggested. Moreover, a tumor-promoting function of extracellular NME also emerged at least in some tumor cohorts. In this complex scenario, the secretory mechanism through which NME proteins exit cells is far from being understood. Recently, some evidence obtained in the Drosophila and cancer cell line models points to the involvement of Dynamin in controlling the balance between intra- and extracellular levels of NME. Further analyses on extracellular NME will lead to a better understanding of its physiological function and in turn will allow understanding of how its deregulation contributes to carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Romani
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e biotecnologie, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italia
| | - Marilena Ignesti
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e biotecnologie, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italia
| | - Giuseppe Gargiulo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e biotecnologie, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italia
| | - Tien Hsu
- Boston University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,National Central University, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Jhongli, Taiwan
| | - Valeria Cavaliere
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e biotecnologie, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italia
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Mortenson DE, Brighty GJ, Plate L, Bare G, Chen W, Li S, Wang H, Cravatt BF, Forli S, Powers ET, Sharpless KB, Wilson IA, Kelly JW. "Inverse Drug Discovery" Strategy To Identify Proteins That Are Targeted by Latent Electrophiles As Exemplified by Aryl Fluorosulfates. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 140:200-210. [PMID: 29265822 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b08366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Drug candidates are generally discovered using biochemical screens employing an isolated target protein or by utilizing cell-based phenotypic assays. Both noncovalent and covalent hits emerge from such endeavors. Herein, we exemplify an "Inverse Drug Discovery" strategy in which organic compounds of intermediate complexity harboring weak, but activatable, electrophiles are matched with the protein(s) they react with in cells or cell lysate. An alkyne substructure in each candidate small molecule enables affinity chromatography-mass spectrometry, which produces a list of proteins that each distinct compound reacts with. A notable feature of this approach is that it is agnostic with respect to the cellular proteins targeted. To illustrate this strategy, we employed aryl fluorosulfates, an underexplored class of sulfur(VI) halides, that are generally unreactive unless activated by protein binding. Reversible aryl fluorosulfate binding, correct juxtaposition of protein side chain functional groups, and transition-state stabilization of the S(VI) exchange reaction all seem to be critical for conjugate formation. The aryl fluorosulfates studied thus far exhibit chemoselective reactivity toward Lys and, particularly, Tyr side chains, and can be used to target nonenzymes (e.g., a hormone carrier or a small-molecule carrier protein) as well as enzymes. The "Inverse Drug Discovery" strategy should be particularly attractive as a means to explore latent electrophiles not typically used in medicinal chemistry efforts, until one reacts with a protein target of exceptional interest. Structure-activity data can then be used to enhance the selectivity of conjugate formation or the covalent probe can be used as a competitor to develop noncovalent drug candidates. Here we use the "Inverse Drug Discovery" platform to identify and validate covalent ligands for 11 different human proteins. In the case of one of these proteins, we have identified and validated a small-molecule probe for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Mortenson
- Department of Molecular Medicine, ‡Department of Chemistry, §Department of Integrative, Structural and Computational Biology, and ∥The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Gabriel J Brighty
- Department of Molecular Medicine, ‡Department of Chemistry, §Department of Integrative, Structural and Computational Biology, and ∥The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Lars Plate
- Department of Molecular Medicine, ‡Department of Chemistry, §Department of Integrative, Structural and Computational Biology, and ∥The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Grant Bare
- Department of Molecular Medicine, ‡Department of Chemistry, §Department of Integrative, Structural and Computational Biology, and ∥The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Wentao Chen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, ‡Department of Chemistry, §Department of Integrative, Structural and Computational Biology, and ∥The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Suhua Li
- Department of Molecular Medicine, ‡Department of Chemistry, §Department of Integrative, Structural and Computational Biology, and ∥The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, ‡Department of Chemistry, §Department of Integrative, Structural and Computational Biology, and ∥The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Benjamin F Cravatt
- Department of Molecular Medicine, ‡Department of Chemistry, §Department of Integrative, Structural and Computational Biology, and ∥The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Stefano Forli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, ‡Department of Chemistry, §Department of Integrative, Structural and Computational Biology, and ∥The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Evan T Powers
- Department of Molecular Medicine, ‡Department of Chemistry, §Department of Integrative, Structural and Computational Biology, and ∥The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - K Barry Sharpless
- Department of Molecular Medicine, ‡Department of Chemistry, §Department of Integrative, Structural and Computational Biology, and ∥The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Ian A Wilson
- Department of Molecular Medicine, ‡Department of Chemistry, §Department of Integrative, Structural and Computational Biology, and ∥The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Jeffery W Kelly
- Department of Molecular Medicine, ‡Department of Chemistry, §Department of Integrative, Structural and Computational Biology, and ∥The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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10
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Romani P, Papi A, Ignesti M, Soccolini G, Hsu T, Gargiulo G, Spisni E, Cavaliere V. Dynamin controls extracellular level of Awd/Nme1 metastasis suppressor protein. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2016; 389:1171-1182. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-016-1268-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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11
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The case for extracellular Nm23-H1 as a driver of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) progression. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2014; 388:225-33. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-014-1027-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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12
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Dai Z, Xiao W, Jin Y. Inhibition of nm23-H1 gene expression in chronic myelogenous leukemia cells. Oncol Lett 2013; 6:1093-1097. [PMID: 24137469 PMCID: PMC3796426 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2013.1500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
For solid tumors of a malignant origin, the expression of the nm23-H1 gene is a positive prognostic factor. However, for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), the prognostic role of nm23-H1 gene expression is unknown. The present study investigated the impact of nm23-H1 gene expression on the proliferation and migration of the CML K562 cell line to elucidate the association between nm23-H1 gene expression and CML cell survival. An RNAi lipo-recombinant plasmid of the nm23-H1 gene (pGCsi-nm23-H1) was constructed and transfected into the K562 cells. RT-PCR and western blotting were used to detect nm23-H1 mRNA and protein expression, respectively. The anchorage-independent growth ability of the transfected cells was observed in soft agar culture and the ability of the K562 cells to migrate was determined using a Transwell assay. Following the successful construction and transfection of the pGCsi-nm23-H1 plasmid into the K562 cells, nm23-H1 mRNA and protein expression levels were significantly lower compared with the control group. The stably-transfected pGCsi-nm23-H1 K562 cells exhibited a markedly increased ability to form colonies and the number and sizes of the colonies were significantly increased compared with those of the control. In vitro, the cells migrated through a Matrigel-coated membrane during incubation for 20 h. The Transwell assay revealed that the quantitative number of pGCsi-nm23-H1 K562 cells that migrated into the lower compartment of the invasion chamber was markedly increased compared with the control. In conclusion, nm23-H1 gene expression may inhibit K562 cell proliferation and migration. nm23-H1 may be a cancer suppressor gene and play a significant role in inhibiting the survival of CML cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhensheng Dai
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 201399, P.R. China
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Marino N, Nakayama J, Collins JW, Steeg PS. Insights into the biology and prevention of tumor metastasis provided by the Nm23 metastasis suppressor gene. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2013; 31:593-603. [PMID: 22706779 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-012-9374-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Metastatic disease is the major cause of death among cancer patients. A class of genes, named metastasis suppressors, has been described to specifically regulate the metastatic process. The metastasis suppressor genes are downregulated in the metastatic lesion compared to the primary tumor. In this review, we describe the body of research surrounding the first metastasis suppressor identified, Nm23. Nm23 overexpression in aggressive cancer cell lines reduced their metastatic potential in vivo with no significant reduction in primary tumor size. A complex mechanism of anti-metastatic action is unfolding involving several known Nm23 enzymatic activities (nucleotide diphosphate kinase, histidine kinase, and 3'-5' exonuclease), protein-protein interactions, and downstream gene regulation properties. Translational approaches involving Nm23 have progressed to the clinic. The upregulation of Nm23 expression by medroxyprogesterone acetate has been tested in a phase II trial. Other approaches with significant preclinical success include gene therapy using traditional or nanoparticle delivery, and cell permeable Nm23 protein. Recently, based on the inverse correlation of Nm23 and LPA1 expression, a LPA1 inhibitor has been shown to both inhibit metastasis and induce metastatic dormancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natascia Marino
- Women's Cancers Section, Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, 37 Convent Drive, Room 1122, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Tschiedel S, Bach E, Jilo A, Wang SY, Lange T, Al-Ali HK, Vucinic V, Niederwieser D, Cross M. Bcr–Abl dependent post-transcriptional activation of NME2 expression is a specific and common feature of chronic myeloid leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma 2012; 53:1569-76. [DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2012.656631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Lim J, Jang G, Kang S, Lee G, Nga DTT, Phuong DTL, Kim H, El-Rifai W, Ruley HE, Jo D. Cell-permeable NM23 blocks the maintenance and progression of established pulmonary metastasis. Cancer Res 2011; 71:7216-25. [PMID: 21987726 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-11-2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Occult metastases are a major cause of cancer mortality, even among patients undergoing curative resection. Therefore, practical strategies to target the growth and persistence of already established metastases would provide an important advance in cancer treatment. Here, we assessed the potential of protein therapy using a cell permeable NM23-H1 metastasis suppressor protein. Hydrophobic transduction domains developed from a screen of 1,500 signaling peptide sequences enhanced the uptake of the NM23 protein by cultured cells and systemic delivery to animal tissues. The cell-permeable (CP)-NM23 inhibited metastasis-associated phenotypes in tumor cell lines, blocked the establishment of lung metastases, and cleared already established pulmonary metastases, significantly prolonging the survival of tumor-bearing animals. Therefore, these results establish the potential use of cell-permeable metastasis suppressors as adjuvant therapy against disseminated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junghee Lim
- ProCell R&D Institute, ProCell Therapeutics, Inc., Seoul, Korea
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Extracellular NM23 Protein as a Therapeutic Target for Hematologic Malignancies. Adv Hematol 2011; 2012:879368. [PMID: 21941554 PMCID: PMC3175692 DOI: 10.1155/2012/879368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2011] [Accepted: 06/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
An elevated serum level of NM23-H1 protein is a poor prognostic factor in patients with various hematologic malignancies. The extracellular NM23-H1 protein promotes the in vitro growth and survival of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) cells and inversely inhibits the in vitro survival of normal peripheral blood monocytes in primary culture at concentrations equivalent to the levels found in the serum of AML patients. The growth and survival promoting activity to AML cells is associated with cytokine production and activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) signaling pathways. Inhibitors specific for MAPK signaling pathways inhibit the growth/survival-promoting activity of NM23-H1. These findings indicate a novel biological action of extracellular NM23-H1 and its association with poor prognosis. These results suggest an important role of extracellular NM23-H1 in the malignant progression of leukemia and a potential therapeutic target for these malignancies.
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