1
|
Li X, Cao G, Liu X, Tang TS, Guo C, Liu H. Polymerases and DNA Repair in Neurons: Implications in Neuronal Survival and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:852002. [PMID: 35846567 PMCID: PMC9279898 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.852002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Most of the neurodegenerative diseases and aging are associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) or other intracellular damaging agents that challenge the genome integrity of the neurons. As most of the mature neurons stay in G0/G1 phase, replication-uncoupled DNA repair pathways including BER, NER, SSBR, and NHEJ, are pivotal, efficient, and economic mechanisms to maintain genomic stability without reactivating cell cycle. In these progresses, polymerases are prominent, not only because they are responsible for both sensing and repairing damages, but also for their more diversified roles depending on the cell cycle phase and damage types. In this review, we summarized recent knowledge on the structural and biochemical properties of distinct polymerases, including DNA and RNA polymerases, which are known to be expressed and active in nervous system; the biological relevance of these polymerases and their interactors with neuronal degeneration would be most graphically illustrated by the neurological abnormalities observed in patients with hereditary diseases associated with defects in DNA repair; furthermore, the vicious cycle of the trinucleotide repeat (TNR) and impaired DNA repair pathway is also discussed. Unraveling the mechanisms and contextual basis of the role of the polymerases in DNA damage response and repair will promote our understanding about how long-lived postmitotic cells cope with DNA lesions, and why disrupted DNA repair contributes to disease origin, despite the diversity of mutations in genes. This knowledge may lead to new insight into the development of targeted intervention for neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Li
- Nano-Biotechnology Key Lab of Hebei Province, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Xiaoling Li
| | - Guanghui Cao
- Nano-Biotechnology Key Lab of Hebei Province, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Xiaokang Liu
- Nano-Biotechnology Key Lab of Hebei Province, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Tie-Shan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Caixia Guo
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences/China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Caixia Guo
| | - Hongmei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China
- Hongmei Liu
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Increased micronucleus frequency in peripheral blood lymphocytes predicts the risk of bladder cancer. Br J Cancer 2016; 116:202-210. [PMID: 27959887 PMCID: PMC5243995 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2016.411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Bladder cancer (BC) is among the most common malignancies worldwide. The identification of new biomarkers for early BC detection, recurrence/progression is urgently needed. The cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay (CBMN) evaluates chromosome damage in cultured human lymphocytes and micronuclei (MN) provide a convenient and reliable index of both chromosome breakage and loss. Methods: Chromosomal damage (expressed as frequencies of MN, nucleoplasmic bridges and nuclear buds (NBUD)) was evaluated by CBMN assay in cryopreserved lymphocytes from 158 age/smoking-matched pairs of cases and controls in relation to BC risk, recurrence or progression. Moreover, non-muscle invasive BC (NMIBC) patients were characterised for 783 DNA repair gene polymorphisms for their possible association with the investigated cytogenetic end points. Results: MN and NBUD frequencies were significantly higher in cases than in controls (P=0.001 and P=0.006, respectively), with the associations being stronger in NMIBC. In a logistic regression model, for each increase of one unit in the MN frequency, a 1.12 increased risk of developing NMIBC was observed. In NMIBC cases, 10 polymorphisms were associated with different MN frequencies after genotype stratification. Conclusions: A model including traditional BC risk factors, MN frequency and the selected polymorphisms differentially distributed in cases and controls improved BC patient identification. Understanding the meaning of systemic chromosomal damage in BC patients with respect to the general population may help to adopt specific prevention strategies and therapeutic intervention.
Collapse
|
3
|
Pei N, Cao L, Liu Y, Wu J, Song Q, Zhang Z, Yuan J, Zhang X. XAB2 tagSNPs contribute to non-small cell lung cancer susceptibility in Chinese population. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:560. [PMID: 26228655 PMCID: PMC4520281 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1567-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background XPA-binding protein 2 (XAB2) interacts with Cockayne syndrome complementation group A (CSA), group B (CSB) and RNA polymerase II to initiate nucleotide excision repair. This study aims to evaluate the association of XAB2 genetic variants with the risk of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) using a tagging approach. Methods A hospital-based case-control study was conducted in 470 patients with NSCLC and 470 controls in Chinese population. Totally, 5 tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in XAB2 gene were selected by Haploview software using Hapmap database. Genotyping was performed using iPlex Gold Genotyping Asssy and Sequenom MassArray. Unconditional logistic regression was conducted to estimate odd ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CI). Results Unconditional logistic regression analysis showed that the XAB2 genotype with rs794078 AA or at least one rs4134816 C allele were associated with the decreased risk of NSCLC with OR (95 % CI) of 0.12 (0.03–0.54) and 0.46 (0.26–0.84). When stratified by gender, we found that the subjects carrying rs4134816 CC or CT genotype had a decreased risk for developing NSCLC among males with OR (95 % CI) of 0.39 (0.18–0.82), but not among females. In age stratification analysis, we found that younger subjects (age ≤ 60) with at least one C allele had a decreased risk of NSCLC with OR (95 % CI) of 0.35 (0.17–0.74), but older subjects didn’t. We didn’t find that XAB2 4134816 C > T variant effect on the risk of NSCLC when stratified by smoking status. The environmental factors, such as age, sex and smoking had no effect on the risk of NSCLC related to XAB2 genotypes at other polymorphic sites. Conclusions The XAB2 tagSNPs (rs794078 and rs4134816) were significantly associated with the risk of NSCLC in Chinese population, which supports the XAB2 plays a significant role in the development of NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Na Pei
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Hebei United University, Tangshan, 063000, China. .,Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Hebei United University, Tangshan, 063000, China.
| | - Lei Cao
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Hebei United University, Tangshan, 063000, China.
| | - Yingwen Liu
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Hebei United University, Tangshan, 063000, China. .,Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Hebei United University, Tangshan, 063000, China.
| | - Jing Wu
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Hebei United University, Tangshan, 063000, China.
| | - Qinqin Song
- Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Hebei United University, Tangshan, China.
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Hebei United University, Tangshan, China.
| | - Juxiang Yuan
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Hebei United University, Tangshan, 063000, China.
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Hebei United University, Tangshan, 063000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sapkota Y, Mackey JR, Lai R, Franco-Villalobos C, Lupichuk S, Robson PJ, Kopciuk K, Cass CE, Yasui Y, Damaraju S. Assessing SNP-SNP interactions among DNA repair, modification and metabolism related pathway genes in breast cancer susceptibility. PLoS One 2013; 8:e64896. [PMID: 23755158 PMCID: PMC3670937 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified low-penetrance common variants (i.e., single nucleotide polymorphisms, SNPs) associated with breast cancer susceptibility. Although GWASs are primarily focused on single-locus effects, gene-gene interactions (i.e., epistasis) are also assumed to contribute to the genetic risks for complex diseases including breast cancer. While it has been hypothesized that moderately ranked (P value based) weak single-locus effects in GWASs could potentially harbor valuable information for evaluating epistasis, we lack systematic efforts to investigate SNPs showing consistent associations with weak statistical significance across independent discovery and replication stages. The objectives of this study were i) to select SNPs showing single-locus effects with weak statistical significance for breast cancer in a GWAS and/or candidate-gene studies; ii) to replicate these SNPs in an independent set of breast cancer cases and controls; and iii) to explore their potential SNP-SNP interactions contributing to breast cancer susceptibility. A total of 17 SNPs related to DNA repair, modification and metabolism pathway genes were selected since these pathways offer a priori knowledge for potential epistatic interactions and an overall role in breast carcinogenesis. The study design included predominantly Caucasian women (2,795 cases and 4,505 controls) from Alberta, Canada. We observed two two-way SNP-SNP interactions (APEX1-rs1130409 and RPAP1-rs2297381; MLH1-rs1799977 and MDM2-rs769412) in logistic regression that conferred elevated risks for breast cancer (Pinteraction<7.3×10−3). Logic regression identified an interaction involving four SNPs (MBD2-rs4041245, MLH1-rs1799977, MDM2-rs769412, BRCA2-rs1799943) (Ppermutation = 2.4×10−3). SNPs involved in SNP-SNP interactions also showed single-locus effects with weak statistical significance, while BRCA2-rs1799943 showed stronger statistical significance (Pcorrelation/trend = 3.2×10−4) than the others. These single-locus effects were independent of body mass index. Our results provide a framework for evaluating SNPs showing statistically weak but reproducible single-locus effects for epistatic effects contributing to disease susceptibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yadav Sapkota
- Cross Cancer Institute, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - John R. Mackey
- Cross Cancer Institute, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Raymond Lai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Sasha Lupichuk
- Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Paula J. Robson
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Health Services – Cancer Care, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Karen Kopciuk
- Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Carol E. Cass
- Cross Cancer Institute, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Yutaka Yasui
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sambasivarao Damaraju
- Cross Cancer Institute, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hang B. Formation and repair of tobacco carcinogen-derived bulky DNA adducts. J Nucleic Acids 2010; 2010:709521. [PMID: 21234336 PMCID: PMC3017938 DOI: 10.4061/2010/709521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2010] [Revised: 07/16/2010] [Accepted: 09/17/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA adducts play a central role in chemical carcinogenesis. The analysis of formation and repair of smoking-related DNA adducts remains particularly challenging as both smokers and nonsmokers exposed to smoke are repetitively under attack from complex mixtures of carcinogens such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and N-nitrosamines. The bulky DNA adducts, which usually have complex structure, are particularly important because of their biological relevance. Several known cellular DNA repair pathways have been known to operate in human cells on specific types of bulky DNA adducts, for example, nucleotide excision repair, base excision repair, and direct reversal involving O6-alkylguanine DNA alkyltransferase or AlkB homologs. Understanding the mechanisms of adduct formation and repair processes is critical for the assessment of cancer risk resulting from exposure to cigarette smoke, and ultimately for developing strategies of cancer prevention. This paper highlights the recent progress made in the areas concerning formation and repair of bulky DNA adducts in the context of tobacco carcinogen-associated genotoxic and carcinogenic effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Hang
- Life Sciences Division, Department of Cancer and DNA Damage Responses, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cheng J, Leng S, Li H, Huang C, Niu Y, Zhang L, Liang X, Lin H, Zheng Y. Suboptimal DNA repair capacity predisposes coke-oven workers to accumulate more chromosomal damages in peripheral lymphocytes. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009; 18:987-93. [PMID: 19240242 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-08-0763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA repair is an essential mechanism for cells to maintain their genomic integrity under endogenous or exogenous assault. Reduced DNA repair capacity (DRC) is associated with increased risk for several environmentally related cancers. The micronucleus in peripheral lymphocytes has been validated as a biomarker of chromosomal damage, increasing cancer risk in human populations. We hypothesized that suboptimal DRC is associated with the increase in chromosomal damage among 94 coke-oven workers and 64 noncoke-oven controls. DRC was evaluated in isolated lymphocytes by comet assay. Chromosomal damage in peripheral lymphocytes was detected by cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay. Four common coding single nucleotide polymorphisms in the XRCC1 gene were genotyped. Coke-oven workers have significantly increased urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (9.0; 6.8-11.7 microg/L versus 1.5, 1.3-1.7 microg/L; P<0.01) and micronucleus frequency (7.4 per thousand+/-4.3 per thousand versus 3.0 per thousand+/-3.0 per thousand; P<0.01), and decreased DRC (55.9%+/-16.4% versus 63.6%+/-18.5%; P<0.01) compared with controls. Significant correlations between DRC and micronucleus frequency were found in coke-oven workers (r=-0.32; P<0.01; n = 94) and all study subjects (r=-0.32; P<0.001; n=158) but not in controls (r=-0.21; P=0.11; n=64). Variants of the Arg399Gln polymorphism were associated with a decreased DRC in both coke-oven workers (51.6%+/-16.1% versus 60.6%+/-15.7%; P<0.01) and controls (59.1%+/-18.5% versus 68.4%+/-17.5%; P=0.04). The complicated interrelationship of these multiple biomarkers was also identified by path analysis. These findings should facilitate developing a biomarker-based risk assessment model for lung cancer in this occupational population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Cheng
- National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 29 Nanwei Road, Beijing 100050, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|