Development of Helicobacter pylori Whole-Proteome Arrays and Identification of Serologic Biomarkers for Noncardia Gastric Cancer in the MCC-Spain Study

Bacterial proteome microarray technology in biomedical research

Bacterial proteome microarrays are high-throughput, adaptable tools that allow the simultaneous investigation of thousands of proteins from various bacterial species. These arrays are used to explore bacterial pathogenicity, pathogen-host interactions, and clinical diseases. Recent advancements have expanded their application to profiling human antibodies, identifying biomarkers for infectious and autoimmune diseases, and studying antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). This review highlights significant outcomes from recent studies, focusing on their diverse applications in biomedical research. Notable findings include the identification of novel antigens and diagnostic markers for gastrointestinal infections, autoimmune diseases, and mental health disorders. This technology promises to further elucidate the complex relationship between bacteria and their hosts, ultimately informing the development of new diagnostic, therapeutic, and preventive strategies.

Screening of Cancer-Specific Biomarkers for Hepatitis B-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma Based on a Proteome Microarray

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is associated with one of the highest mortality rates among cancers, rendering its early diagnosis clinically invaluable. Serum biomarkers, specifically alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), represent the most promising and widely used diagnostic biomarkers for HCC. However, its detection rate is low in the early stages of HCC progression, and distinguishing specific false positives for other liver-related diseases, such as cirrhosis and acute hepatitis, remains challenging. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify biomarkers for hepatitis B (HBV)-related liver diseases by screening differentially expressed autoantibodies against tumor-associated antigens (TAAbs). We designed a large-scale multistage investigation, encompassing initial screening, HCC-focused, and ELISA validation cohorts to identify potential TAAbs in HBV-related liver diseases, spanning from healthy control (HC) individuals to patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), hepatitis B-related cirrhosis (HBC), and HCC, using protein microarray technology. The differential biological characteristics of TAAbs were analyzed using bioinformatics analysis. Validation of tumor-specific biomarkers for HCC was performed using ELISA. In the screening cohort, 547 candidate TAAbs were identified in the HCC group compared to those in the HC group. In the HCC-focused cohort, 64, 61, and 65 candidate TAAbs were identified in the CHB, HBC, and HCC groups, respectively, compared to those in the HC group. Thirty-four proteins exhibited continuously elevated expression from HCs to patients with CHB, HBC, and HCC. Among these, nine were identified as cancer-specific proteins. In the validation cohort, UBE2Z, CNOT3, and EID3 were correlated with liver function indicators in patients with hepatitis B-related HCC. Overall, UBE2Z, CNOT3, and EID3 emerged as cancer-specific biomarkers for HBV-related liver disease, providing a scientific basis for clinical application.

Human Proteome Microarray identifies autoantibodies to tumor-associated antigens as serological biomarkers for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma

The identification of the high-efficiency and non-invasive biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) detection is urgently needed. This study aims to screen out potential autoantibodies to tumor-associated antigens (TAAbs) and to assess their diagnostic value for HCC. Fifteen potential TAAbs were screened out from the Human Proteome Microarray by 30 HCC sera and 22 normal control sera, of which eight passed multiple-stage validations by ELISA with a total of 1625 human serum samples from normal controls (NCs) and patients with HCC, liver cirrhosis, chronic hepatitis B, gastric cancer, esophageal cancer, and colorectal cancer. Finally, an immunodiagnostic model including six TAAbs (RAD23A, CAST, RUNX1T1, PAIP1, SARS, PRKCZ) was constructed by logistic regression, and yielded the area under curve (AUC) of 0.835 and 0.788 in training and validation sets, respectively. The serial serum samples from HCC model mice were tested to explore the change in TAAbs during HCC formation, and an increasing level of autoantibodies was observed. In conclusion, the panel of six TAAbs can provide potential value for HCC detection, and the strategy to identify novel serological biomarkers can also provide new clues in understanding immunodiagnostic biomarkers.

Clinical Observation of Helicobacter pylori Infection and Risk Factors and Cytotoxin-Associated Protein A in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease

The aim was to analyze the infection, influencing factors, and clinical manifestations of Helicobacter pylori infection, coronary heart disease, and cytotoxin-associated protein A infection, so as to provide reference for the improvement of clinical diagnosis and treatment level of in-depth treatment. This paper presents a clinical observation method based on Helicobacter pylori infection, risk factors, and cytotoxin-associated protein A in patients with coronary heart disease. Methods. 237 patients with CHD diagnosed and tested by 14C breath test were selected from inpatients of cardiovascular diseases in a hospital for retrospective analysis. The clinical data, serum deepening indicators, Hcy, and other factors were analyzed through general condition investigation, previous history investigation, and physical examination. The patients were observed by the SPSS22.0 statistical data processing method. The results showed that among the respondents, 175 cases were HP-positive, the infection rate was 73.8%, 77 patients with stable angina pectoris were 64.9%, and 160 patients with acute coronary heart disease were 78.1%. The difference between the groups was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion. Helicobacter pylori cytotoxic-associated protein A can increase the risk of gastric cancer, and Helicobacter pylori eradication treatment is more conducive to reduce the incidence of gastric cancer and ensure the safety of patients.