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Lim I, Tan J, Alam A, Idrees M, Brenan PA, Coletta RD, Kujan O. Epigenetics in the diagnosis and prognosis of head and neck cancer: A systematic review. J Oral Pathol Med 2024; 53:90-106. [PMID: 38316046 DOI: 10.1111/jop.13513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aberrant epigenetic modifications significantly develop and progress human malignancies including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Taking into account issues of late diagnosis and poor prognosis associated with HNSCC, this systematic review is designed to provide an up-to-date insight of epigenetic changes in the management of HNSCC. METHODS All studies that assessed the diagnostic and prognostic utilities of epigenetic changes (DNA methylation and histone modifications) among patients diagnosed with HNSCC or oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) were considered for inclusion till June 2023. Pre-defined Medical Subject Headings terms were used to search Web of Science, Pubmed, Scopus and Embase Ovid databases. RESULTS Twenty-five studies were deemed eligible for inclusion with a total number of 3790 samples (2123 HNSCCs, 334 OPMDs and 1333 as controls). DNA methylation was investigated in 18 studies while the role of histone modifications was assessed in seven studies. The most investigated biomarkers among the studies were H3, DAPK and TIMP3. The diagnostic accuracy of the epigenetic biomarkers in detecting HNSCC was assessed in eight studies where the following biomarkers showed the highest area under the curve values: TIPM3, DCC, DAPK, SEPT9, SHOX9, HOXA9 and TRH. None of the studies assessed the predictability of the epigenetic biomarkers in HNSCC and OPMDs. CONCLUSION Although initial promising results were seen using the epigenetic biomarkers in the early detection of HNSCC, the limited number of patients and the absence of well-designed longitudinal studies limit the clinical applicability of the outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Lim
- UWA Dental School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jade Tan
- UWA Dental School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Anneka Alam
- UWA Dental School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Majdy Idrees
- UWA Dental School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Peter A Brenan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Ricardo Della Coletta
- Department of Oral Diagnosis and Graduate Program in Oral Biology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Omar Kujan
- UWA Dental School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
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Towle R, Dickman CTD, MacLellan SA, Chen J, Prisman E, Guillaud M, Garnis C. Identification of a serum-based microRNA signature that detects recurrent oral squamous cell carcinoma before it is clinically evident. Br J Cancer 2023; 129:1810-1817. [PMID: 37798371 PMCID: PMC10667517 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02405-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Survival rates for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) have remained poor for decades, a fact largely attributable to late-stage diagnoses and high recurrence rates. We report analysis of serum miRNA expression in samples from patients with high-risk oral lesions (HRL, including OSCC/carcinoma in situ lesions) and healthy non-cancer controls, with the aim of non-invasively detecting primary or recurrent disease before it is clinically evident. METHODS Discovery, test, and validation sets were defined from a total of 468 serum samples (305 HRL and 163 control samples). Samples were analysed using multiple qRT-PCR platforms. RESULTS A two-miRNA classifier comprised of miR-125b-5p and miR-342-3p was defined following discovery and test analyses. Analysis in an independent validation cohort reported sensitivity and specificity of ~74% for this classifier. Significantly, when this classifier was applied to serial serum samples taken from patients both before treatment and during post-treatment surveillance, it identified recurrence an average of 15 months prior to clinical presentation. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate this serum miRNA classifier is effective as a simple, non-invasive monitoring tool for earlier detection of recurrent disease when lesions are typically smaller and amenable to a wider array of treatment options to improve survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Towle
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Christopher T D Dickman
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sara A MacLellan
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jiahua Chen
- Department of Statistics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Eitan Prisman
- Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Martial Guillaud
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Cathie Garnis
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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3
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Mazzoni M, Todoerti K, Agnelli L, Minna E, Pagliardini S, Di Marco T, Borrello MG, Neri A, Greco A. Transcriptomic landscape of TIMP3 oncosuppressor activity in thyroid carcinoma. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:400. [PMID: 36503426 PMCID: PMC9743531 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02811-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is the most frequent thyroid tumor. The tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3 (TIMP3) gene encodes a matrix metalloproteinases inhibitor that exerts a tumor suppressor role in several tumor types. TIMP3 is frequently downregulated in PTC by promoter methylation. We have previously functionally demonstrated that TIMP3 exerts an oncosuppressor role in PTC: TIMP3 restoration in the PTC-derived NIM1 cell line affects in vitro migration, invasion and adhesive capability, while reduces tumor growth, angiogenesis and macrophage recruitment in vivo. To get a deeper insight on the mediators of TIMP3 oncosuppressor activity in thyroid tumors, here we focused on the TIMP3 related transcriptome. METHODS TCGA database was used for investigating the genes differentially expressed in PTC samples with low and high TIMP3 expression. Genome wide expression analysis of clones NIM1-T23 (expressing a high level of TIMP3 protein) and NIM1-EV (control empty vector) was performed. Gene sets and functional enrichment analysis with clusterProfiler were applied to identify the modulated biological processes and pathways. CIBERSORT was used to evaluate the distribution of different immunological cell types in TCGA-PTC tumor samples with different TIMP3 expression levels. Real time PCR was performed for the validation of selected genes. RESULTS Thyroid tumors with TIMP3-high expression showed a down-modulation of inflammation-related gene sets, along with a reduced protumoral hematopoietic cells fraction; an enrichment of cell adhesion functions was also identified. Similar results were obtained in the TIMP3-overexpessing NIM1 cells in vitro model, where a down-regulation of immune-related function gene sets, some of which also identified in tumor samples, was observed. Interestingly, through enrichment analysis, were also recognized terms related to cell adhesion, extracellular matrix organization, blood vessel maintenance and vascular process functions that have been found modulated in our previous in vitro and in vivo functional studies. CONCLUSIONS Our results highlight the correlation of TIMP3 expression levels with the regulation of inflammatory functions and the immune infiltration composition associated with different PTC prognosis, thus providing a broader view on the oncosuppressor role of TIMP3 in PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Mazzoni
- grid.417893.00000 0001 0807 2568Molecular Mechanisms Unit, Research Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - K. Todoerti
- grid.417893.00000 0001 0807 2568Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - L. Agnelli
- grid.417893.00000 0001 0807 2568Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - E. Minna
- grid.417893.00000 0001 0807 2568Molecular Mechanisms Unit, Research Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - S. Pagliardini
- grid.417893.00000 0001 0807 2568Molecular Mechanisms Unit, Research Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - T. Di Marco
- grid.417893.00000 0001 0807 2568Molecular Mechanisms Unit, Research Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - M. G. Borrello
- grid.417893.00000 0001 0807 2568Molecular Mechanisms Unit, Research Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - A. Neri
- Scientific Directorate, Azienda USL-IRCCS Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - A. Greco
- grid.417893.00000 0001 0807 2568Molecular Mechanisms Unit, Research Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
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4
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Inokawa Y, Hayashi M, Begum S, Noordhuis MG, Sidransky D, Califano J, Koch W, Brait M, Westra WH, Hoque MO. High-risk HPV infection-associated hypermethylated genes in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:1146. [PMID: 36344942 PMCID: PMC9641857 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-10227-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background HPV-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OPSCCs) are sensitive to chemo-radiation therapy and have favorable survival outcomes compared with HPV-negative cancers. These tumors are usually not related to tobacco and alcohol exposure. Therefore, diagnosing HPV-positive OPSCCs for the appropriate disease management is crucial, and no suitable markers are available for detecting early malignancies in HPV-infected tissues. In this study, we attempt to find HPV-specific epigenetic biomarkers for OPSCCs. Methods A total of 127 surgical samples were analyzed for HPV positivity and promoter methylation of a panel of genes. HPV detection was performed by PCR detection of HPV E6 and E7 viral oncoproteins. In addition, promoter methylation of a total of 8 genes (DAPK, FHIT, RASSF1A, TIMP3, AGTR1, CSGALNACT2, GULP1 and VGF) was analyzed by quantitative-methylation specific PCR (QMSP), and their associations with HPV positivity or RB/p16 expressions were evaluated. Results AGTR1 and FHIT were frequently methylated in HPV-positive OPSCC samples with a good area under the curve (AUC over 0.70). In addition, these genes' promoter methylation was significantly associated with p16 positive and RB negative cases, which were the characteristics of OPSCC cases with favorable survival outcomes. Either AGTR1 or FHIT methylated cases were significantly associated with HPV-positive cancers with 92.0% sensitivity (P < 0.001). Also, they had significantly better overall survival (P = 0.047) than both unmethylated cases. Conclusions A combination of AGTR1 and FHIT methylation demonstrated a suitable detection marker of OPSCCs derived from the HPV-infected field, familiar with p16-positive and RB-negative phenotypes. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-022-10227-w.
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Sodnom-Ish B, Eo MY, Myoung H, Lee JH, Kim SM. Next generation sequencing-based salivary biomarkers in oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg 2022; 48:3-12. [PMID: 35221302 PMCID: PMC8890960 DOI: 10.5125/jkaoms.2022.48.1.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Selection of potential disease-specific biomarkers from saliva or epithelial tissues through next generation sequencing (NGS)-based protein studies has recently become possible. The early diagnosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has been difficult, if not impossible, until now due to the lack of an effective OSCC biomarker and efficient molecular validation method. The aim of this study was to summarize the advances in the application of NGS in cancer research and to propose potential proteomic and genomic saliva biomarkers for NGS-based study in OSCC screening and diagnosis programs. We have reviewed four categories including definitions and use of NGS, salivary biomarkers and OSCC, current biomarkers using the NGS-based technique, and potential salivary biomarker candidates in OSCC using NGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buyanbileg Sodnom-Ish
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi Young Eo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hoon Myoung
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Ho Lee
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soung Min Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Salivary DNA Methylation as an Epigenetic Biomarker for Head and Neck Cancer. Part II: A Cancer Risk Meta-Analysis. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11070606. [PMID: 34206840 PMCID: PMC8304899 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11070606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant methylation of tumor suppressor genes has been reported as an important epigenetic silencer in head and neck cancer (HNC) pathogenesis. Here, we performed a comprehensive meta-analysis to evaluate the overall and specific impact of salivary gene promoter methylation on HNC risk. The methodological quality was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa scale (NOS). Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to evaluate the strength of the association and Egger’s and Begg’s tests were applied to detect publication bias. The frequency of salivary DNA promoter methylation was significantly higher in HNC patients than in healthy controls (OR: 8.34 (95% CI = 6.10–11.39; p < 0.01). The pooled ORs showed a significant association between specific tumor-related genes and HNC risk: p16 (3.75; 95% CI = 2.51–5.60), MGMT (5.72; 95% CI = 3.00–10.91), DAPK (5.34; 95% CI = 2.18–13.10), TIMP3 (3.42; 95% CI = 1.99–5.88), and RASSF1A (7.69; 95% CI = 3.88–15.23). Overall, our meta-analysis provides precise evidence on the association between salivary DNA promoter hypermethylation and HNC risk. Thus, detection of promoter DNA methylation in saliva is a potential biomarker for predicting HNC risk.
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7
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Hier J, Vachon O, Bernstein A, Ibrahim I, Mlynarek A, Hier M, Alaoui-Jamali MA, Maschietto M, da Silva SD. Portrait of DNA methylated genes predictive of poor prognosis in head and neck cancer and the implication for targeted therapy. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10012. [PMID: 33976322 PMCID: PMC8113272 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89476-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to chronic infection with human papilloma virus (HPV) and exposure to environmental carcinogens, genetic and epigenetic factors act as major risk factors for head and neck cancer (HNC) development and progression. Here, we conducted a systematic review in order to assess whether DNA hypermethylated genes are predictive of high risk of developing HNC and/or impact on survival and outcomes in non-HPV/non-tobacco/non-alcohol associated HNC. We identified 85 studies covering 32,187 subjects where the relationship between DNA methylation, risk factors and survival outcomes were addressed. Changes in DNA hypermethylation were identified for 120 genes. Interactome analysis revealed enrichment in complex regulatory pathways that coordinate cell cycle progression (CCNA1, SFN, ATM, GADD45A, CDK2NA, TP53, RB1 and RASSF1). However, not all these genes showed significant statistical association with alcohol consumption, tobacco and/or HPV infection in the multivariate analysis. Genes with the most robust HNC risk association included TIMP3, DCC, DAPK, CDH1, CCNA1, MGMT, P16, MINT31, CD44, RARβ. From these candidates, we further validated CD44 at translational level in an independent cohort of 100 patients with tongue cancer followed-up beyond 10 years. CD44 expression was associated with high-risk of tumor recurrence and metastasis (P = 0.01) in HPV-cases. In summary, genes regulated by methylation play a modulatory function in HNC susceptibility and it represent a critical therapeutic target to manage patients with advanced disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Hier
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research and Segal Cancer Centre, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, 3755 Côte Ste-Catherine Road, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Olivia Vachon
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research and Segal Cancer Centre, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, 3755 Côte Ste-Catherine Road, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Allison Bernstein
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research and Segal Cancer Centre, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, 3755 Côte Ste-Catherine Road, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Iman Ibrahim
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research and Segal Cancer Centre, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, 3755 Côte Ste-Catherine Road, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Alex Mlynarek
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research and Segal Cancer Centre, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, 3755 Côte Ste-Catherine Road, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Michael Hier
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research and Segal Cancer Centre, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, 3755 Côte Ste-Catherine Road, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Moulay A Alaoui-Jamali
- Segal Cancer Centre of the Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mariana Maschietto
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP) and Boldrini Children's Center, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Daniela da Silva
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research and Segal Cancer Centre, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, 3755 Côte Ste-Catherine Road, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada. .,Segal Cancer Centre of the Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Saliva Gene Promoter Hypermethylation as a Biomarker in Oral Cancer. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10091931. [PMID: 33947071 PMCID: PMC8124791 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10091931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral carcinogenesis is a multistep process characterized by a summation of multiple genetic and epigenetic alterations in key regulatory genes. The silencing of genes by aberrant promoter hypermethylation is thought to be an important epigenetic event in cancer development and progression which has great potential as a biomarker for early diagnosis, tumor molecular subtyping, prognosis, monitoring, and therapy. Aberrant DNA methylation has been detected in different liquid biopsies, which may represent a potential alternative to solid biopsies. The detection of methylated genes in saliva may have clinical application for noninvasive oral cancer screening and early diagnosis. Here, we review the current evidence on gene promoter hypermethylation in saliva.
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Meng Y, Bian L, Zhang M, Bo F, Lu X, Li D. Liquid biopsy and their application progress in head and neck cancer: focus on biomarkers CTCs, cfDNA, ctDNA and EVs. Biomark Med 2020; 14:1393-1404. [PMID: 33073579 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2020-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancer (HNC) is the sixth leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Due to the low early diagnosis rate of HNC, local recurrence and high distant metastasis rate are the main reasons for treatment failure. Therefore, it is important to establish a method of diagnosis and monitoring, which is convenient, safe, reproducible, sensitive and specific. Compared with tissue biopsy, liquid biopsy is an emerging biopsy technique, which has the advantages of re-sampling, noninvasive and cost-effectiveness, and has shown good diagnostic and prognostic value in studies for various types of malignant solid tumors. This review introduces liquid biopsy, its research progress and prospects in HNC including early diagnosis, staging, grading, prognosis assessment and disease surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiling Meng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Bian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Meichao Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Bo
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Lu
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Cristaldi M, Mauceri R, Di Fede O, Giuliana G, Campisi G, Panzarella V. Salivary Biomarkers for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Diagnosis and Follow-Up: Current Status and Perspectives. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1476. [PMID: 31920689 PMCID: PMC6914830 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer is the sixth most common cancer type in the world, and 90% of it is represented by oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Despite progress in preventive and therapeutic strategies, delay in OSCC diagnosis remains one of the major causes of high morbidity and mortality; indeed the majority of OSCC has been lately identified in the advanced clinical stage (i.e., III or IV). Moreover, after primary treatment, recurrences and/or metastases are found in more than half of the patients (80% of cases within the first 2 years) and the 5-year survival rate is still lower than 50%, resulting in a serious issue for public health. Currently, histological investigation represents the “gold standard” of OSCC diagnosis; however, recent studies have evaluated the potential use of non-invasive methods, such as “liquid biopsy,” for the detection of diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in body fluids of oral cancer patients. Saliva is a biofluid containing factors such as cytokines, DNA and RNA molecules, circulating and tissue-derived cells, and extracellular vesicles (EVs) that may be used as biomarkers; their analysis may give us useful information to do early diagnosis of OSCC and improve the prognosis. Therefore, the aim of this review is reporting the most recent data on saliva biomarker detection in saliva liquid biopsy from oral cancer patients, with particular attention to circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), EVs, and microRNAs (miRNAs). Our results highlight that saliva liquid biopsy has several promising clinical uses in OSCC management; it is painless, accessible, and low cost and represents a very helpful source of diagnostic and prognostic biomarker detection. Even if standardized protocols for isolation, characterization, and evaluation are needed, recent data suggest that saliva may be successfully included in future clinical diagnostic processes, with a considerable impact on early treatment strategies and a favorable outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Cristaldi
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Rodolfo Mauceri
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Olga Di Fede
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giovanna Giuliana
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Campisi
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Vera Panzarella
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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11
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Gissi DB, Tarsitano A, Gabusi A, Rossi R, Attardo G, Lenzi J, Marchetti C, Montebugnoli L, Foschini MP, Morandi L. 13-gene DNA Methylation Analysis from Oral Brushing: A Promising Non Invasive Tool in the Follow-up of Oral Cancer Patients. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8122107. [PMID: 31810211 PMCID: PMC6947392 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8122107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of a non-invasive sampling procedure based on 13-gene DNA methylation analysis in the follow-up of patients previously treated for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Methods: The study population included 49 consecutive patients treated for OSCC. Oral brushing sample collection was performed at two different times: before any cancer treatment in the tumor mass and during patient follow-up almost 6 months after OSCC treatment, within the regenerative area after OSCC resection. Each sample was considered positive or negative in relation to a predefined cut-off value. Results: Before any cancer treatment, 47/49 specimens exceeded the score and were considered as positive. Six months after OSCC resection, 16/49 specimens also had positive scores in the samples collected from the regenerative area. During the follow-up period, 7/49 patients developed locoregional relapse: 6/7 patients had a positive score in the regenerative area after OSCC resection. The presence of a positive score after oral cancer treatment was the most powerful variable related to the appearance of locoregional relapse. Conclusion: 13-gene DNA methylation analysis by oral brushing may have a clinical application as a prognostic non-invasive tool in the follow-up of patients surgically treated for OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide B. Gissi
- Section of Oral Sciences, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40159 Bologna, Italy; (A.G.); (R.R.); (L.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0512088123
| | - Achille Tarsitano
- Section of Maxillo-Facial Surgery at Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (A.T.); (C.M.)
| | - Andrea Gabusi
- Section of Oral Sciences, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40159 Bologna, Italy; (A.G.); (R.R.); (L.M.)
| | - Roberto Rossi
- Section of Oral Sciences, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40159 Bologna, Italy; (A.G.); (R.R.); (L.M.)
| | - Giuseppe Attardo
- Section of Anatomic Pathology at Bellaria Hospital, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40139 Bologna, Italy; (G.A.); (M.P.F.)
| | - Jacopo Lenzi
- Section of Hygiene, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Public Health and Medical Statistics, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Marchetti
- Section of Maxillo-Facial Surgery at Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (A.T.); (C.M.)
| | - Lucio Montebugnoli
- Section of Oral Sciences, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40159 Bologna, Italy; (A.G.); (R.R.); (L.M.)
| | - Maria P. Foschini
- Section of Anatomic Pathology at Bellaria Hospital, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40139 Bologna, Italy; (G.A.); (M.P.F.)
| | - Luca Morandi
- Functional MR Unit, IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40139 Bologna, Italy;
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12
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Su CW, Lin CW, Yang WE, Yang SF. TIMP-3 as a therapeutic target for cancer. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2019; 11:1758835919864247. [PMID: 31360238 PMCID: PMC6637839 DOI: 10.1177/1758835919864247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3 (TIMP-3), a secreted glycoprotein, plays an important role in carcinogenesis. It can bind to many proteinases to suppress their activity and thus protect the extracellular matrix from degradation. TIMP-3 may have many anticancer properties, including apoptosis induction and antiproliferative, antiangiogenic, and antimetastatic activities. This review summarizes the structure, proteinase inhibition ability, genetic and epigenetic regulation, cancer therapy potential, and contribution to cancer development of TIMP-3. Furthermore, in this review we discuss its potential as a biomarker for predicting cancer progression and the current state of drugs that target TIMP-3, either alone or in combination with clinical treatment. In conclusion, TIMP-3 can be a biomarker of cancer and a potential target for cancer therapy. This review article can serve as a basis to understand how to modulate TIMP-3 levels as a drug target of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Wen Su
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung
| | - Chiao-Wen Lin
- Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung
| | - Wei-En Yang
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, 110 Chien-Kuo N. Road, Section 1, Taichung 402
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13
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Adeola HA, Papagerakis S, Papagerakis P. Systems Biology Approaches and Precision Oral Health: A Circadian Clock Perspective. Front Physiol 2019; 10:399. [PMID: 31040792 PMCID: PMC6476986 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A vast majority of the pathophysiological and metabolic processes in humans are temporally controlled by a master circadian clock located centrally in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus of the brain, as well as by specialized peripheral oscillators located in other body tissues. This circadian clock system generates a rhythmical diurnal transcriptional-translational cycle in clock genes and protein expression and activities regulating numerous downstream target genes. Clock genes as key regulators of physiological function and dysfunction of the circadian clock have been linked to various diseases and multiple morbidities. Emerging omics technologies permits largescale multi-dimensional investigations of the molecular landscape of a given disease and the comprehensive characterization of its underlying cellular components (e.g., proteins, genes, lipids, metabolites), their mechanism of actions, functional networks and regulatory systems. Ultimately, they can be used to better understand disease and interpatient heterogeneity, individual profile, identify personalized targetable key molecules and pathways, discover novel biomarkers and genetic alterations, which collectively can allow for a better patient stratification into clinically relevant subgroups to improve disease prediction and prevention, early diagnostic, clinical outcomes, therapeutic benefits, patient's quality of life and survival. The use of “omics” technologies has allowed for recent breakthroughs in several scientific domains, including in the field of circadian clock biology. Although studies have explored the role of clock genes using circadiOmics (which integrates circadian omics, such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics) in human disease, no such studies have investigated the implications of circadian disruption in oral, head and neck pathologies using multi-omics approaches and linking the omics data to patient-specific circadian profiles. There is a burgeoning body of evidence that circadian clock controls the development and homeostasis of oral and maxillofacial structures, such as salivary glands, teeth and oral epithelium. Hence, in the current era of precision medicine and dentistry and patient-centered health care, it is becoming evident that a multi-omics approach is needed to improve our understanding of the role of circadian clock-controlled key players in the regulation of head and neck pathologies. This review discusses current knowledge on the role of the circadian clock and the contribution of omics-based approaches toward a novel precision health era for diagnosing and treating head and neck pathologies, with an emphasis on oral, head and neck cancer and Sjögren's syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry A Adeola
- Hair and Skin Research Laboratory, Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences and Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of the Western Cape and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Silvana Papagerakis
- Laboratory of Oral, Head & Neck Cancer-Personalized Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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14
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Liyanage C, Wathupola A, Muraleetharan S, Perera K, Punyadeera C, Udagama P. Promoter Hypermethylation of Tumor-Suppressor Genes p16INK4a, RASSF1A, TIMP3, and PCQAP/MED15 in Salivary DNA as a Quadruple Biomarker Panel for Early Detection of Oral and Oropharyngeal Cancers. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9040148. [PMID: 31013839 PMCID: PMC6523930 DOI: 10.3390/biom9040148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Silencing of tumor-suppressor genes (TSGs) by DNA promoter hypermethylation is an early event in carcinogenesis; hence, TSGs may serve as early tumor biomarkers. We determined the promoter methylation levels of p16INK4a, RASSF1A, TIMP3, and PCQAP/MED15 TSGs in salivary DNA from oral cancer (OC) and oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) patients, using methylation-specific PCR coupled with densitometry analysis. We assessed the association between DNA methylation of individual TSGs with OC and OPC risk factors. The performance and the clinical validity of this quadruple-methylation marker panel were evaluated in discriminating OC and OPC patients from healthy controls using the CombiROC web tool. Our study reports that RASSF1A, TIMP3, and PCQAP/MED15 TSGs were significantly hypermethylated in OC and OPC cases compared to healthy controls. DNA methylation levels of TSGs were significantly augmented by smoking, alcohol use, and betel quid chewing, indicating the fact that frequent exposure to risk factors may drive oral and oropharyngeal carcinogenesis through TSG promoter hypermethylation. Also, this quadruple-methylation marker panel of p16INK4a, RASSF1A, TIMP3, and PCQAP/MED15 TSGs demonstrated excellent diagnostic accuracy in the early detection of OC at 91.7% sensitivity and 92.3% specificity and of OPC at 99.8% sensitivity and 92.1% specificity from healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chamikara Liyanage
- Department of Zoology and Environment Sciences, University of Colombo, Colombo 03 00300, Sri Lanka.
| | - Asanga Wathupola
- Department of Zoology and Environment Sciences, University of Colombo, Colombo 03 00300, Sri Lanka.
| | - Sanjayan Muraleetharan
- Department of Zoology and Environment Sciences, University of Colombo, Colombo 03 00300, Sri Lanka.
| | - Kanthi Perera
- National Cancer Institute of Sri Lanka, Maharagama, 10280, Sri Lanka.
| | - Chamindie Punyadeera
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Australia.
- Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia.
| | - Preethi Udagama
- Department of Zoology and Environment Sciences, University of Colombo, Colombo 03 00300, Sri Lanka.
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15
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Franczak C, Filhine-Tresarrieu P, Gilson P, Merlin JL, Au L, Harlé A. Technical considerations for circulating tumor DNA detection in oncology. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2019; 19:121-135. [DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2019.1568873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Claire Franczak
- Service de Biopathologie, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France
| | | | - Pauline Gilson
- Service de Biopathologie, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, Université de Lorraine, CNRS UMR 7039 CRAN, Nancy, France
| | - Jean-Louis Merlin
- Service de Biopathologie, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, Université de Lorraine, CNRS UMR 7039 CRAN, Nancy, France
| | - Lewis Au
- Skin and Renal Units, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Alexandre Harlé
- Service de Biopathologie, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, Université de Lorraine, CNRS UMR 7039 CRAN, Nancy, France
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16
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Strzelczyk JK, Krakowczyk Ł, Owczarek AJ. Methylation status of SFRP1, SFRP2, RASSF1A, RARβ and DAPK1 genes in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. Arch Oral Biol 2018; 98:265-272. [PMID: 30576962 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Our study assessed the methylation status of the SFRP1, SFRP2, RASSF1A, RARβ and DAPK1 genes, which are associated with epigenetic silencing in cancers. In a group of 75 patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma, aberrant methylation was detected using methylation-specific PCR in tumours and matched margins. Our results showed significantly higher methylation frequency in tumours than in surgical margin of SFRP2 (26.6% vs 11.9%, p < 0.05) and DAPK1 (65.3% vs 41.3%, p < 0.01) genes. Moreover, methylation of the SFRP1 and DAPK1 genes was associated with older age. Advanced tumour stages were associated with lower rates of SFRP1 gene methylation. Decreased methylation levels of the SFRP2 and RASSF1A genes were associated with positive N stage. On the contrary, lymph node metastasis were associated with higher methylation rates of RARβ and DAPK1 genes. Patients with a familial history of cancer were associated with more frequently methylated SFRP1, SFRP2 and DAPK1 genes. Hypermethylation of DAPK1 was associated with decreased risk of death in patients. Our results are suggestive, although not conclusive, that some epigenetic changes, especially frequent hypermethylation of SFRP2 and DAPK1 genes, can be useful as potential diagnostic biomarkers of oral cavity cancer. Moreover, estimating the methylation status in surgical margins could become an additional strategy for more accurate treatment methods. Further efforts are needed to identify and validate this finding on a larger patient group and using new advanced methylation testing methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Katarzyna Strzelczyk
- Department of Medical and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Jordana 19 Str., 41-808 Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland.
| | - Łukasz Krakowczyk
- Clinic of Oncological and Reconstructive Surgery, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15 Str., 44-101 Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Aleksander Jerzy Owczarek
- Department of Statistics, Department of Instrumental Analysis, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Ostrogórska 30 Str., 41-200 Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland.
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17
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Russo D, Merolla F, Varricchio S, Salzano G, Zarrilli G, Mascolo M, Strazzullo V, Di Crescenzo RM, Celetti A, Ilardi G. Epigenetics of oral and oropharyngeal cancers. Biomed Rep 2018; 9:275-283. [PMID: 30233779 DOI: 10.3892/br.2018.1136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral and oropharyngeal cancers represent the two most common malignancies of the head and neck region. The major risk factors for these cancers include alcohol consumption, tobacco use (via smoking or chewing) and high-risk human papillomavirus infection. The transition from normal epithelium to premalignant tissue and finally carcinoma is in part caused by a summation of genetic and epigenetic modifications. Epigenetic refers to modifications in the way the genome is expressed in cells. The most common examples of epigenetic control of gene expression are DNA methylation, histone modification and regulation by small non-coding RNAs. The aim of the current paper was to review the recent studies on the main epigenetic changes that have been suggested to serve a role in the carcinogenesis process and progression of oral and oropharyngeal cancers. Furthermore, it is discussed how the epigenetic changes may be used as potential predictive biomarkers and how recent findings in the field may impact the personalized cancer therapy approach for these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Russo
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Pathology Unit, University of Naples Federico II, Ι-80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Merolla
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences V. Tiberio, University of Molise, Ι-86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Silvia Varricchio
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Pathology Unit, University of Naples Federico II, Ι-80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Salzano
- Department of Neuroscience and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Operative Unit of Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Ι-80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Zarrilli
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences V. Tiberio, University of Molise, Ι-86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Massimo Mascolo
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Pathology Unit, University of Naples Federico II, Ι-80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Viviana Strazzullo
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Pathology Unit, University of Naples Federico II, Ι-80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Rosa Maria Di Crescenzo
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Pathology Unit, University of Naples Federico II, Ι-80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Celetti
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology Gaetano Salvatore, Italian National Council of Research, Ι-80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Gennaro Ilardi
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Pathology Unit, University of Naples Federico II, Ι-80131 Naples, Italy
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18
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Cao Y, Green K, Quattlebaum S, Milam B, Lu L, Gao D, He H, Li N, Gao L, Hall F, Whinery M, Handley E, Ma Y, Xu T, Jin F, Xiao J, Wei M, Smith D, Bornstein S, Gross N, Pyeon D, Song J, Lu SL. Methylated genomic loci encoding microRNA as a biomarker panel in tissue and saliva for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Clin Epigenetics 2018; 10:43. [PMID: 29636832 PMCID: PMC5883341 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-018-0470-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To identify aberrant promoter methylation of genomic loci encoding microRNA (mgmiR) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and to evaluate a biomarker panel of mgmiRs to improve the diagnostic accuracy of HNSCC in tissues and saliva. Methods Methylation of promoter regions of mgmiR candidates was initially screened using HNSCC and control cell lines and further selected using HNSCC and control tissues by quantitative methylation-specific PCR (qMS-PCR). We then examined a panel of seven mgmiRs for validation in an expanded cohort including 189 HNSCC and 92 non-HNSCC controls. Saliva from 86 pre-treatment HNSCC patients and 108 non-HNSCC controls was also examined using this panel of seven mgmiRs to assess the potentials of clinical utilization. Results Among the 315 screened mgmiRs, 12 mgmiRs were significantly increased in HNSCC cell lines compared to control cell lines. Seven out of the 12 mgmiRs, i.e., mgmiR9-1, mgmiR124-1, mgmiR124-2, mgmiR124-3, mgmiR129-2, mgmiR137, and mgmiR148a, were further found to significantly increase in HNSCC tumor tissues compared to control tissues. Using multivariable logistic regression with dichotomized variables, a combination of the seven mgmiRs had sensitivity and specificity of 92.6 and 92.4% in tissues and 76.7 and 86.1% in saliva, respectively. Area under the receiver operating curve for this panel was 0.97 in tissue and 0.93 in saliva. This model was validated by independent bootstrap validation and random forest analysis. Conclusions mgmiR biomarkers represent a novel and promising screening tool, and the seven-mgmiR panel is able to robustly detect HNSCC in both patient tissue and saliva. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13148-018-0470-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Cao
- 1Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045 USA.,2Laboratory of Precision Oncology, China Medical University School of Pharmacy, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, 110122 China
| | - Katherine Green
- 1Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
| | - Steve Quattlebaum
- 1Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
| | - Ben Milam
- 1Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
| | - Ling Lu
- 1Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
| | - Dexiang Gao
- 3Department of Biostatistics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
| | - Hui He
- 1Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045 USA.,Research Laboratory and Department of Hematology, Benxi Central Hospital, Benxi, 117000 China
| | - Ningning Li
- 1Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045 USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Peking Union Medical School Hospital, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Liwei Gao
- 1Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045 USA.,6Department of Radiation Oncology, China Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Francis Hall
- 1Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
| | - Matthew Whinery
- 1Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
| | - Elyse Handley
- 1Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
| | - Yi Ma
- 1Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045 USA.,7Department of Otolaryngology, The First University Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 China
| | - Tao Xu
- 8Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
| | - Feng Jin
- 9Department of Surgical Oncology, The First University Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 China
| | - Jing Xiao
- 10Department of Oral Pathology, Dental School of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044 China
| | - Minjie Wei
- 2Laboratory of Precision Oncology, China Medical University School of Pharmacy, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, 110122 China
| | - Derek Smith
- 3Department of Biostatistics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
| | - Sophia Bornstein
- 11Department of Radiation Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239 USA.,15Department of Radiation Oncology, Cornell University, New York, NY USA
| | - Neil Gross
- 12Department of Otolaryngology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239 USA.,16Department of Head and Neck Surgery, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Dohun Pyeon
- 8Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
| | - John Song
- 1Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
| | - Shi-Long Lu
- 1Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045 USA.,2Laboratory of Precision Oncology, China Medical University School of Pharmacy, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang, 110122 China.,13Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045 USA.,14Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
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19
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Raneros AB, Minguela A, Rodriguez RM, Colado E, Bernal T, Anguita E, Mogorron AV, Gil AC, Vidal-Castiñeira JR, Márquez-Kisinousky L, Bulnes PD, Marin AM, Garay MCG, Suarez-Alvarez B, Lopez-Larrea C. Increasing TIMP3 expression by hypomethylating agents diminishes soluble MICA, MICB and ULBP2 shedding in acute myeloid leukemia, facilitating NK cell-mediated immune recognition. Oncotarget 2018; 8:31959-31976. [PMID: 28404876 PMCID: PMC5458262 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a disease with great morphological and genetic heterogeneity, which complicates its prognosis and treatment. The hypomethylating agents azacitidine (Vidaza®, AZA) and decitabine (Dacogen®, DAC) have been approved for the treatment of AML patients, but their mechanisms of action are poorly understood. Natural killer (NK) cells play an important role in the recognition of AML blasts through the interaction of the activating NKG2D receptor with its ligands (NKG2DL: MICA/B and ULBPs1-3). However, soluble NKG2DL (sNKG2DL) can be released from the cell surface, impairing immune recognition. Here, we examined whether hypomethylating agents modulate the release of sNKG2DL from AML cells. Results demonstrated that AZA- and DAC-treated AML cells reduce the release of sNKG2DL, preventing downregulation of NKG2D receptor on the cell surface and promoting immune recognition mediated by NKG2D-NKG2DL engagement. We show that the shedding of MICA, MICB and ULBP2 is inhibited by the increased expression of TIMP3, an ADAM17 inhibitor, after DAC treatment. The TIMP3 gene is highly methylated in AML cells lines and in AML patients (25.5%), in which it is significantly associated with an adverse cytogenetic prognosis of the disease. Overall, TIMP3 could be a target of the demethylating treatments in AML patients, leading to a decrease in MICA, MICB and ULBP2 shedding and the enhancement of the lytic activity of NK cells through the immune recognition mediated by the NKG2D receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alfredo Minguela
- Immunology Service, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Ramon M Rodriguez
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Enrique Colado
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Teresa Bernal
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Eduardo Anguita
- Hematology Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Department of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Adela Vasco Mogorron
- Immunology Service, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Alberto Chaparro Gil
- Hematology Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Department of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Paula Díaz Bulnes
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Amelia Martinez Marin
- Hematology Service, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | | | | | - Carlos Lopez-Larrea
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
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20
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Yun J, Park MH, Son DJ, Nam KT, Moon DB, Ju JH, Hwang OK, Choi JS, Kim TH, Jung YS, Hwang DY, Han SB, Yoon DY, Hong JT. IL-32 gamma reduces lung tumor development through upregulation of TIMP-3 overexpression and hypomethylation. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:306. [PMID: 29467412 PMCID: PMC5833366 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0375-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The low expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3 (TIMP-3) is important in inflammatory responses. Therefore, inhibition of TIMP-3 may promote tumor development. Our study showed that expression of TIMP-3 was elevated in lL-32γ mice lung tissues. In this study, we investigated whether IL-32γ mice inhibited lung tumor development through overexpression of TIMP-3 and its methylation. To explore the possible underlying mechanism, lung cancer cells were transfected with IL-32γ cDNA plasmid. A marked increase in TIMP-3 expression was caused by promoter methylation. Mechanistic studies indicated that TIMP-3 overexpression reduced NF-κB activity, which led to cell growth inhibition in IL-32γ transfected lung cancer cells. We also showed that IL-32γ inhibits expression of DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1). Moreover, IL-32γ inhibits the binding of DNMT1 to TIMP-3 promoter, but this effect was reversed by the treatment of DNA methyltransferase inhibitor (5-Aza-CdR) and NF-κB inhibitor (PS1145), suggesting that a marked increase in TIMP-3 expression was caused by inhibition of promoter hypermethylation via decreased DNMT1 expression through the NF-κB pathway. In an in vivo carcinogen induced lung tumor model, tumor growth was inhibited in IL-32γ overexpressed mice with elevated TIMP-3 expression and hypomethylation accompanied with reduced NF-κB activity. Moreover, in the lung cancer patient tissue, the expression of IL-32 and TIMP-3 was dramatically decreased at a grade-dependent manner compared to normal lung tissue. In summary, IL-32γ may increase TIMP-3 expression via hypomethylation through inactivation of NF-κB activity, and thereby reduce lung tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaesuk Yun
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong1-ro 194-21, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28160, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, #460 Iksan-daero, Iksan-si, Jeonbuk, 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Hee Park
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong1-ro 194-21, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Ju Son
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong1-ro 194-21, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Tak Nam
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong1-ro 194-21, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Bong Moon
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong1-ro 194-21, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Heun Ju
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong1-ro 194-21, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok Kyung Hwang
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong1-ro 194-21, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Soon Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong1-ro 194-21, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hoon Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong1-ro 194-21, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Suk Jung
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong1-ro 194-21, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Yeon Hwang
- Department of Biomaterial Science, Pusan National University, Miryang, Kyungnam, 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Bae Han
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong1-ro 194-21, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Young Yoon
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong1-ro 194-21, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28160, Republic of Korea.
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Arantes LMRB, De Carvalho AC, Melendez ME, Lopes Carvalho A. Serum, plasma and saliva biomarkers for head and neck cancer. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2017; 18:85-112. [PMID: 29134827 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2017.1404906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) encompasses tumors arising from several locations (oral and nasal cavities, paranasal sinuses, salivary glands, pharynx, and larynx) and currently stands as the sixth most common cancer worldwide. The most important risk factors identified so far are tobacco and alcohol consumption, and, for a subgroup of HNSCCs, infection with high-risk types of human papillomavirus (HPV). Despite several improvements in the treatment of these tumors in the last decades, overall survival rates have only improved marginally, mainly due to the advanced clinical stage at diagnosis and the high rates of treatment failure associated with this late diagnosis. Areas covered: This review will focus on the feasibility of evaluating molecular-based biomarkers (mRNA, microRNA, lncRNA, DNA methylation and protein expression) in body fluids (serum, plasma, and saliva) as markers for diagnosis, prognosis, and surveillance. Expert commentary: The potential use of those markers in the clinical setting would allow for early diagnosis, prediction of treatment response, improvement in treatment selection and provide disease monitoring for early detection of tumor recurrence. It can ultimately be translated into better survival rates and improved quality of life for HNSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Matias Eliseo Melendez
- a Molecular Oncology Research Center , Barretos Cancer Hospital , Barretos - SP , Brazil
| | - André Lopes Carvalho
- a Molecular Oncology Research Center , Barretos Cancer Hospital , Barretos - SP , Brazil
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22
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Peng M, Chen C, Hulbert A, Brock MV, Yu F. Non-blood circulating tumor DNA detection in cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:69162-69173. [PMID: 28978187 PMCID: PMC5620327 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor DNA contains specific somatic alterations that are crucial for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Due to the spatial and temporal intra-tumor heterogeneity, multi-sampling is needed to adequately characterize the somatic alterations. Tissue biopsy, however, is limited by the restricted access to sample and the challenges to recapitulate the tumor clonal diversity. Non-blood circulating tumor DNA are tumor DNA fragments presents in non-blood body fluids, such as urine, saliva, sputum, stool, pleural fluid, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Recent studies have demonstrated the presence of tumor DNA in these non-blood body fluids and their application to the diagnosis, screening, and monitoring of cancers. Non-blood circulating tumor DNA has an enormous potential for large-scale screening of local neoplasms because of its non-invasive nature, close proximity to the tumors, easiness and it is an economically viable option. It permits longitudinal assessments and allows sequential monitoring of response and progression. Enrichment of tumor DNA of local cancers in non-blood body fluids may help to archive a higher sensitivity than in plasma ctDNA. The direct contact of cancerous cells and body fluid may facilitate the detection of tumor DNA. Furthermore, normal DNA always dilutes the plasma ctDNA, which may be aggravated by inflammation and injury when very high amounts of normal DNA are released into the circulation. Altogether, our review indicate that non-blood circulating tumor DNA presents an option where the disease can be tracked in a simple and less-invasive manner, allowing for serial sampling informing of the tumor heterogeneity and response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muyun Peng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R China
| | - Alicia Hulbert
- Department of Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Malcolm V Brock
- Department of Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Fenglei Yu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R China
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23
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Lim Y, Wan Y, Vagenas D, Ovchinnikov DA, Perry CFL, Davis MJ, Punyadeera C. Salivary DNA methylation panel to diagnose HPV-positive and HPV-negative head and neck cancers. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:749. [PMID: 27663357 PMCID: PMC5034533 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2785-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a heterogeneous group of tumours with a typical 5 year survival rate of <40 %. DNA methylation in tumour-suppressor genes often occurs at an early stage of tumorigenesis, hence DNA methylation can be used as an early tumour biomarker. Saliva is an ideal diagnostic medium to detect early HNSCC tumour activities due to its proximity to tumour site, non-invasiveness and ease of sampling. We test the hypothesis that the surveillance of DNA methylation in five tumour-suppressor genes (RASSF1α, p16 INK4a , TIMP3, PCQAP/MED15) will allow us to diagnose HNSCC patients from a normal healthy control group as well as to discriminate between Human Papillomavirus (HPV)-positive and HPV-negative patients. METHODS Methylation-specific PCR (MSP) was used to determine the methylation levels of RASSF1α, p16 INK4a , TIMP3 and PCQAP/MED15 in DNA isolated from saliva. Statistical analysis was carried out using non-parametric Mann-Whitney's U-test for individually methylated genes. A logistic regression analysis was carried out to determine the assay sensitivity when combing the five genes. Further, a five-fold cross-validation with a bootstrap procedure was carried out to determine how well the panel will perform in a real clinical scenario. RESULTS Salivary DNA methylation levels were not affected by age. Salivary DNA methylation levels for RASSF1α, p16 INK4a , TIMP3 and PCQAP/MED15 were higher in HPV-negative HNSCC patients (n = 88) compared with a normal healthy control group (n = 122) (sensitivity of 71 % and specificity of 80 %). Conversely, DNA methylation levels for these genes were lower in HPV-positive HNSCC patients (n = 45) compared with a normal healthy control group (sensitivity of 80 % and specificity of 74 %), consistent with the proposed aetiology of HPV-positive HNSCCs. CONCLUSIONS Salivary DNA tumour-suppressor methylation gene panel has the potential to detect early-stage tumours in HPV-negative HNSCC patients. HPV infection was found to deregulate the methylation levels in HPV-positive HNSCC patients. Large-scale double-blinded clinical trials are crucial before this panel can potentially be integrated into a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yenkai Lim
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, GPO Box 2434, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia
| | - Yunxia Wan
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, GPO Box 2434, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia
| | - Dimitrios Vagenas
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, GPO Box 2434, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia
| | - Dmitry A Ovchinnikov
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Chris F L Perry
- Department of Otolaryngology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, 199 Ipswich Road, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Queensland, 288 Herston Road, Herston, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Melissa J Davis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Chamindie Punyadeera
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, GPO Box 2434, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia.
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24
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Lim Y, Sun CX, Tran P, Punyadeera C. Salivary epigenetic biomarkers in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Biomark Med 2016; 10:301-13. [DOI: 10.2217/bmm.16.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The early detection of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) continues to be a challenge to the clinician. Saliva as a diagnostic medium carries significant advantages including its close proximity to the region of interest, ease of collection and noninvasive nature. While the identification of biomarkers continues to carry significant diagnostic and prognostic utility in HNSCC, epigenetic alterations present a novel opportunity to serve this purpose. With the developments of novel and innovative technologies, epigenetic alterations are now emerging as attractive candidates in HNSCC. As such, this review will focus on two commonly aberrant epigenetic alterations: DNA methylation and microRNA expression in HNSCC and their potential clinical utility. Identification and validation of these salivary epigenetic biomarkers would not only enable early diagnosis but will also facilitate in the clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yenkai Lim
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovations, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Charles Xiaohang Sun
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovations, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, 288 Herston Rd, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Peter Tran
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovations, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, 288 Herston Rd, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Chamindie Punyadeera
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovations, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
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25
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Mishra S, Saadat D, Kwon O, Lee Y, Choi WS, Kim JH, Yeo WH. Recent advances in salivary cancer diagnostics enabled by biosensors and bioelectronics. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 81:181-197. [PMID: 26946257 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
There is a high demand for a non-invasive, rapid, and highly accurate tool for disease diagnostics. Recently, saliva based diagnostics for the detection of specific biomarkers has drawn significant attention since the sample extraction is simple, cost-effective, and precise. Compared to blood, saliva contains a similar variety of DNA, RNA, proteins, metabolites, and microbiota that can be compiled into a multiplex of cancer detection markers. The salivary diagnostic method holds great potential for early-stage cancer diagnostics without any complicated and expensive procedures. Here, we review various cancer biomarkers in saliva and compare the biomarkers efficacy with traditional diagnostics and state-of-the-art bioelectronics. We summarize biomarkers in four major groups: genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics/microbiota. Representative bioelectronic systems for each group are summarized based on various stages of a cancer. Systematic study of oxidative stress establishes the relationship between macromolecules and cancer biomarkers in saliva. We also introduce the most recent examples of salivary diagnostic electronics based on nanotechnologies that can offer rapid, yet highly accurate detection of biomarkers. A concluding section highlights areas of opportunity in the further development and applications of these technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saswat Mishra
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, School of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Darius Saadat
- School of Engineering and Computer Science, Washington State University, Vancouver, WA 98686, USA
| | - Ohjin Kwon
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, School of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Yongkuk Lee
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, School of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Woon-Seop Choi
- School of Display Engineering, Hoseo University, Asan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hoon Kim
- School of Engineering and Computer Science, Washington State University, Vancouver, WA 98686, USA.
| | - Woon-Hong Yeo
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, School of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA; Center for Rehabilitation Science and Engineering, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
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26
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Gaykalova DA, Vatapalli R, Wei Y, Tsai HL, Wang H, Zhang C, Hennessey PT, Guo T, Tan M, Li R, Ahn J, Khan Z, Westra WH, Bishop JA, Zaboli D, Koch WM, Khan T, Ochs MF, Califano JA. Outlier Analysis Defines Zinc Finger Gene Family DNA Methylation in Tumors and Saliva of Head and Neck Cancer Patients. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142148. [PMID: 26544568 PMCID: PMC4636259 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) is the fifth most common cancer, annually affecting over half a million people worldwide. Presently, there are no accepted biomarkers for clinical detection and surveillance of HNSCC. In this work, a comprehensive genome-wide analysis of epigenetic alterations in primary HNSCC tumors was employed in conjunction with cancer-specific outlier statistics to define novel biomarker genes which are differentially methylated in HNSCC. The 37 identified biomarker candidates were top-scoring outlier genes with prominent differential methylation in tumors, but with no signal in normal tissues. These putative candidates were validated in independent HNSCC cohorts from our institution and TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas). Using the top candidates, ZNF14, ZNF160, and ZNF420, an assay was developed for detection of HNSCC cancer in primary tissue and saliva samples with 100% specificity when compared to normal control samples. Given the high detection specificity, the analysis of ZNF DNA methylation in combination with other DNA methylation biomarkers may be useful in the clinical setting for HNSCC detection and surveillance, particularly in high-risk patients. Several additional candidates identified through this work can be further investigated toward future development of a multi-gene panel of biomarkers for the surveillance and detection of HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria A. Gaykalova
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Rajita Vatapalli
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Yingying Wei
- Division of Oncology Biostatistics, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Statistics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hua-Ling Tsai
- Division of Oncology Biostatistics, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Hao Wang
- Division of Oncology Biostatistics, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- University of Virginia, Department of Pathology, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Patrick T. Hennessey
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Theresa Guo
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Marietta Tan
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ryan Li
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Julie Ahn
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Zubair Khan
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - William H. Westra
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Justin A. Bishop
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - David Zaboli
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Wayne M. Koch
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Tanbir Khan
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Michael F. Ochs
- Division of Oncology Biostatistics, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Joseph A. Califano
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Milton J. Dance Head and Neck Center, Greater Baltimore Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Division of Otolaryngology / Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
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27
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Ochieng J, Nangami GN, Ogunkua O, Miousse IR, Koturbash I, Odero-Marah V, McCawley LJ, Nangia-Makker P, Ahmed N, Luqmani Y, Chen Z, Papagerakis S, Wolf GT, Dong C, Zhou BP, Brown DG, Colacci AM, Hamid RA, Mondello C, Raju J, Ryan EP, Woodrick J, Scovassi AI, Singh N, Vaccari M, Roy R, Forte S, Memeo L, Salem HK, Amedei A, Al-Temaimi R, Al-Mulla F, Bisson WH, Eltom SE. The impact of low-dose carcinogens and environmental disruptors on tissue invasion and metastasis. Carcinogenesis 2015; 36 Suppl 1:S128-59. [PMID: 26106135 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgv034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to stimulate new ideas regarding low-dose environmental mixtures and carcinogens and their potential to promote invasion and metastasis. Whereas a number of chapters in this review are devoted to the role of low-dose environmental mixtures and carcinogens in the promotion of invasion and metastasis in specific tumors such as breast and prostate, the overarching theme is the role of low-dose carcinogens in the progression of cancer stem cells. It is becoming clearer that cancer stem cells in a tumor are the ones that assume invasive properties and colonize distant organs. Therefore, low-dose contaminants that trigger epithelial-mesenchymal transition, for example, in these cells are of particular interest in this review. This we hope will lead to the collaboration between scientists who have dedicated their professional life to the study of carcinogens and those whose interests are exclusively in the arena of tissue invasion and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josiah Ochieng
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA, Department of Biology/Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA, Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA, Department of Pathology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pathology, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan Medical College, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA, Department of Molecular & Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA, Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences/Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University/Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1680, USA, Center for Environmental Carcinogenesis and Risk Assessment, Environmental Protection and Health Prevention Agency, Bologna 40126, Italy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia, Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, CNR, via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy, Toxicology Research Division, Bureau of Chemical Safety Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A0K9, Canada, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA, Centre for Advanced Research, King George's Medical University, Chowk, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226003, India, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, Viagrande 95029, Italy, Urology Department, kasr Al-Ainy School of Medicine, Cairo University, El Manial, Cairo 12515, Egypt, Department of Experimental and
| | - Gladys N Nangami
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA, Department of Biology/Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA, Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA, Department of Pathology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pathology, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan Medical College, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA, Department of Molecular & Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA, Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences/Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University/Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1680, USA, Center for Environmental Carcinogenesis and Risk Assessment, Environmental Protection and Health Prevention Agency, Bologna 40126, Italy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia, Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, CNR, via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy, Toxicology Research Division, Bureau of Chemical Safety Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A0K9, Canada, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA, Centre for Advanced Research, King George's Medical University, Chowk, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226003, India, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, Viagrande 95029, Italy, Urology Department, kasr Al-Ainy School of Medicine, Cairo University, El Manial, Cairo 12515, Egypt, Department of Experimental and
| | - Olugbemiga Ogunkua
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA, Department of Biology/Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA, Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA, Department of Pathology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pathology, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan Medical College, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA, Department of Molecular & Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA, Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences/Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University/Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1680, USA, Center for Environmental Carcinogenesis and Risk Assessment, Environmental Protection and Health Prevention Agency, Bologna 40126, Italy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia, Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, CNR, via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy, Toxicology Research Division, Bureau of Chemical Safety Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A0K9, Canada, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA, Centre for Advanced Research, King George's Medical University, Chowk, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226003, India, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, Viagrande 95029, Italy, Urology Department, kasr Al-Ainy School of Medicine, Cairo University, El Manial, Cairo 12515, Egypt, Department of Experimental and
| | - Isabelle R Miousse
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Igor Koturbash
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Valerie Odero-Marah
- Department of Biology/Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA
| | - Lisa J McCawley
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | | | - Nuzhat Ahmed
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yunus Luqmani
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pathology, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait
| | - Zhenbang Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA, Department of Biology/Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA, Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA, Department of Pathology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pathology, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan Medical College, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA, Department of Molecular & Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA, Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences/Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University/Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1680, USA, Center for Environmental Carcinogenesis and Risk Assessment, Environmental Protection and Health Prevention Agency, Bologna 40126, Italy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia, Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, CNR, via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy, Toxicology Research Division, Bureau of Chemical Safety Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A0K9, Canada, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA, Centre for Advanced Research, King George's Medical University, Chowk, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226003, India, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, Viagrande 95029, Italy, Urology Department, kasr Al-Ainy School of Medicine, Cairo University, El Manial, Cairo 12515, Egypt, Department of Experimental and
| | - Silvana Papagerakis
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan Medical College, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Gregory T Wolf
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan Medical College, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Chenfang Dong
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Binhua P Zhou
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Dustin G Brown
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences/Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University/Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1680, USA
| | - Anna Maria Colacci
- Center for Environmental Carcinogenesis and Risk Assessment, Environmental Protection and Health Prevention Agency, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Roslida A Hamid
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
| | - Chiara Mondello
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, CNR, via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Jayadev Raju
- Toxicology Research Division, Bureau of Chemical Safety Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A0K9, Canada
| | - Elizabeth P Ryan
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences/Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University/Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1680, USA
| | - Jordan Woodrick
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - A Ivana Scovassi
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, CNR, via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Neetu Singh
- Centre for Advanced Research, King George's Medical University, Chowk, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226003, India
| | - Monica Vaccari
- Center for Environmental Carcinogenesis and Risk Assessment, Environmental Protection and Health Prevention Agency, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Rabindra Roy
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Stefano Forte
- Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, Viagrande 95029, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Memeo
- Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, Viagrande 95029, Italy
| | - Hosni K Salem
- Urology Department, kasr Al-Ainy School of Medicine, Cairo University, El Manial, Cairo 12515, Egypt
| | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, Firenze 50134, Italy and
| | - Rabeah Al-Temaimi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pathology, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait
| | - Fahd Al-Mulla
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pathology, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait
| | - William H Bisson
- Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Environmental Health Sciences Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Sakina E Eltom
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA, Department of Biology/Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA, Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA, Department of Pathology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pathology, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, Kuwait, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan Medical College, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA, Department of Molecular & Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA, Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences/Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University/Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1680, USA, Center for Environmental Carcinogenesis and Risk Assessment, Environmental Protection and Health Prevention Agency, Bologna 40126, Italy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia, Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, CNR, via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy, Toxicology Research Division, Bureau of Chemical Safety Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A0K9, Canada, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA, Centre for Advanced Research, King George's Medical University, Chowk, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226003, India, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, Viagrande 95029, Italy, Urology Department, kasr Al-Ainy School of Medicine, Cairo University, El Manial, Cairo 12515, Egypt, Department of Experimental and
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Yu JL, Lv P, Han J, Zhu X, Hong LL, Zhu WY, Wang XB, Wu YC, Li P, Ling ZQ. Methylated TIMP-3 DNA in body fluids is an independent prognostic factor for gastric cancer. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2015; 138:1466-73. [PMID: 25357107 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2013-0285-oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Fluid methylated DNA may be a suitable biomarker for cancer patients. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether circulating methylated tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3 (TIMP-3) DNA in body fluids is a useful prognostic biomarker in gastric cancer (GC). DESIGN TIMP-3 methylation was detected by real-time methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction in tumor tissues, paired preoperative peritoneal washes (PPWs), and paired serum samples from 92 GC patients. RESULTS The frequency of TIMP-3 methylation was significantly elevated in GC tissues (63.04%; 58 of 92) compared with that in paired adjacent normal tissue (4.3%; 4 of 92) (P < .001). TIMP-3 methylation correlated closely with peritoneal metastasis and TNM stage (all P < .001). The frequency of TIMP-3 methylation in preoperative peritoneal washes and serum samples was 53.3% (49 of 92) and 58.7% (54 of 92), respectively. The Aζ values of the receiver operator characteristic curve for methylated TIMP-3 were 0.966 and 0.922 for serum and preoperative peritoneal washes, respectively, compared with those in GC tissues. The patients with elevated methylated TIMP-3 levels in body fluids had poorer disease-free survival rates than those without (all P < .001). Cox regression analysis showed that detection of methylated TIMP-3 DNA in body fluids was an independent risk factor for GC patients, with a remarkable decrease in disease-free survival 30 months after surgical resection of the gastric tumor. CONCLUSION Presence of methylated TIMP-3 DNA in body fluids is a useful biomarker for predicting the progression and prognosis of GC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Liu Yu
- From the Zhejiang Cancer Research Institute (Drs Yu, Han, X. Zhu, Wu, Hong, and Ling) and the Department of Surgical Oncology (Dr Wang), Zhejiang Province Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang Cancer Center, Hangzhou, China; the Department of Surgical Oncology (Dr Lv) and the Central Laboratory (Dr W-Y Zhu), Zhoushan Hospital, Zhoushan, China; and the Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China (Dr Li)
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Koffler J, Sharma S, Hess J. Predictive value of epigenetic alterations in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Mol Cell Oncol 2014; 1:e954827. [PMID: 27308324 PMCID: PMC4905189 DOI: 10.1080/23723548.2014.954827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Head and neck cancer collectively describes malignant tumors originating from the mucosal surface of the upper aerodigestive tract. These tumors pose a great threat to public health because of their high incidence and mortality. Traditional risk factors are tobacco and alcohol abuse. More recently, infection by high-risk types of human papilloma virus (HPV) has been identified as an additional risk factor, especially for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). Moreover, HPV-positive OPSCC is considered a distinct tumor entity with an improved clinical outcome compared to HPV-negative OPSCC. Epigenetic alterations act as key events in the pathogenesis of cancer and are of special interest for basic and translational oncology because of their reversible nature. This review provides a comprehensive summary of alterations of the epigenome in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) with a focus on the methylome (hypomethylation and hypermethylation) and its predictive value in the evaluation of pathologic states and clinical outcome, or monitoring response rates to certain therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Koffler
- Section Experimental and Translational Head and Neck Oncology; Department of Otolaryngology; Head and Neck Surgery; University Hospital Heidelberg ; Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sarika Sharma
- Section Experimental and Translational Head and Neck Oncology; Department of Otolaryngology; Head and Neck Surgery; University Hospital Heidelberg ; Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jochen Hess
- Section Experimental and Translational Head and Neck Oncology; Department of Otolaryngology; Head and Neck Surgery; University Hospital Heidelberg; Heidelberg, Germany; Research Group Molecular Mechanisms of Head and Neck Tumors; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg, Germany
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30
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Abstract
Imbalanced cell death is a common phenomenon in many human diseases, including cancer. DAPK's essential function is in promoting apoptosis. DAPK interacts with stress-induced receptors through its death domain to initiate an apoptosis cascade. In addition, DAPK phosphorylates multiple cytosolic substrates and can mediate transfer of signaling pathways to the effector caspases. A series of studies demonstrated that, depending on stimuli, DAPK expression is regulated on both the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. Silencing of DAPK due to hypermethylation of its promoter was reported in many types of cancer. STAT3 and p52-NFkB transcription factors have been shown to down-regulate DAPK expression. In contrast, p53, C/EBP-β and Smad transcription factors bind to their specific response elements within the DAPK promoter and induce its transcription. Post-transcriptionally, DAPK undergoes alternative splicing, which results in the production of two functionally different isoforms. Moreover, miRNA 103 and miRNA 107 recently were shown to inhibit DAPK in colorectal cancer. Here we summarize our recent knowledge about transcriptional regulation of DAPK expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalya Benderska
- Experimental Tumorpathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander- University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Universitätstrasse 22, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
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31
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Langevin SM, Butler RA, Eliot M, Pawlita M, Maccani JZJ, McClean MD, Kelsey KT. Novel DNA methylation targets in oral rinse samples predict survival of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Oncol 2014; 50:1072-80. [PMID: 25242135 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2014.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to identify novel survival-associated biomarkers in oral rinse samples collected from patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS We screened for putative survival-associated markers using publicly available methylation array data from 88 OSCC tumors. Cox models were then fit to methylation array data restricted to these putative loci in oral rinse samples of 82 OSCC patients from greater Boston. Pyrosequencing assays were designed for each locus that replicated in the oral rinse samples and applied to a validation set of oral rinse samples from another 61 OSCC patients. RESULTS We identified 7 survival-associated methylation markers in oral rinse samples from OSCC patients, and have validated one, located in the body of GABBR1, by pyrosequencing. CONCLUSION The 7 CpG loci identified through this study represent novel prognostic biomarkers for patients with OSCC that can be detected using a non-invasive oral rinse collection technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott M Langevin
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Rondi A Butler
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Melissa Eliot
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Michael Pawlita
- Research Program Infection and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jennifer Z J Maccani
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; Centers for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Michael D McClean
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Karl T Kelsey
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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Papagerakis S, Pannone G, Zheng L, About I, Taqi N, Nguyen NPT, Matossian M, McAlpin B, Santoro A, McHugh J, Prince ME, Papagerakis P. Oral epithelial stem cells - implications in normal development and cancer metastasis. Exp Cell Res 2014; 325:111-29. [PMID: 24803391 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Revised: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Oral mucosa is continuously exposed to environmental forces and has to be constantly renewed. Accordingly, the oral mucosa epithelium contains a large reservoir of epithelial stem cells necessary for tissue homeostasis. Despite considerable scientific advances in stem cell behavior in a number of tissues, fewer studies have been devoted to the stem cells in the oral epithelium. Most of oral mucosa stem cells studies are focused on identifying cancer stem cells (CSC) in oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs) among other head and neck cancers. OSCCs are the most prevalent epithelial tumors of the head and neck region, marked by their aggressiveness and invasiveness. Due to their highly tumorigenic properties, it has been suggested that CSC may be the critical population of cancer cells in the development of OSCC metastasis. This review presents a brief overview of epithelium stem cells with implications in oral health, and the clinical implications of the CSC concept in OSCC metastatic dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Papagerakis
- Department of Otolaryngology, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Giuseppe Pannone
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Li Zheng
- Department of Otolaryngology, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Imad About
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, ISM UMR 7287, 13288, Marseille cedex 09, France
| | - Nawar Taqi
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Nghia P T Nguyen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Margarite Matossian
- Department of Otolaryngology, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Blake McAlpin
- Department of Otolaryngology, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Angela Santoro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Jonathan McHugh
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mark E Prince
- Department of Otolaryngology, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Petros Papagerakis
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Center for Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Center for Organogenesis, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Arantes LMRB, de Carvalho AC, Melendez ME, Carvalho AL, Goloni-Bertollo EM. Methylation as a biomarker for head and neck cancer. Oral Oncol 2014; 50:587-92. [PMID: 24656975 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2014.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Head and neck cancer is a collective term that describes malignant tumors of the oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx characterized by high incidence and mortality rates. Although most HNSCC originate from the mucosal surface of the upper aerodigestive tract, where they can be easily detected during a routine clinical examination. Often the definitive diagnosis is delayed because of the difficulty in differentiating from other similar lesions. Activation of proto-oncogenes and inactivation of tumor suppressor genes are the major molecular alterations involved in carcinogenesis. In addition, epigenetic changes can alter the expression of critical genes important in the development of a variety of cancers. The detection of aberrant gene promoter methylation as a tool for the detection of tumors or its use as prognostic marker have been described for many different cancers including HNSCC. The search for biomarkers has as its main aim the evaluation and measurement of the status of normal and pathological biological processes as well as pharmacological responses to certain treatments. The tracking of these biomarkers is an important part for the identification of individuals in the early stages of head and neck cancer for its diagnostic and prognostic relevance reflecting in high survival rates, better quality of life and less cost to the healthcare system. Therefore, assuming that cancer results from genetic and epigenetic changes, analyzes based on gene methylation profile in combination with the pathological diagnosis would be useful in predicting the behavior of these head and neck tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M R B Arantes
- Department of Molecular Biology, São José do Rio Preto Medical School (FAMERP), São José do Rio Preto - SP, Brazil; Center for Research in Molecular Oncology, Barretos Cancer Hospital - Pio XII, Barretos - SP, Brazil
| | - A C de Carvalho
- Center for Research in Molecular Oncology, Barretos Cancer Hospital - Pio XII, Barretos - SP, Brazil
| | - M E Melendez
- Center for Research in Molecular Oncology, Barretos Cancer Hospital - Pio XII, Barretos - SP, Brazil
| | - A L Carvalho
- Center for Research in Molecular Oncology, Barretos Cancer Hospital - Pio XII, Barretos - SP, Brazil
| | - E M Goloni-Bertollo
- Department of Molecular Biology, São José do Rio Preto Medical School (FAMERP), São José do Rio Preto - SP, Brazil.
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Rettori MM, de Carvalho AC, Longo ALB, de Oliveira CZ, Kowalski LP, Carvalho AL, Vettore AL. TIMP3 and CCNA1 hypermethylation in HNSCC is associated with an increased incidence of second primary tumors. J Transl Med 2013; 11:316. [PMID: 24359512 PMCID: PMC3884019 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-11-316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypermethylation in the promoter regions is associated with the suppression of gene expression and has been considered a potential molecular marker for several tumor types, including head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). METHODS To evaluate the gene hypermethylation profile as a prognostic marker, this retrospective study used a QMSP approach to determine the methylation status of 19 genes in 70 HNSCC patients. RESULTS The methylation profile analysis of primary HNSCC revealed that genes CCNA1, DAPK, MGMT, TIMP3 and SFRP1 were frequently hypermethylated, with high specificity and sensitivity. TIMP3 and CCNA1 hypermethylation was significantly associated with lower rates of second primary tumor-free survival (p = 0.007 and p = 0.001; log-rank test, respectively). CONCLUSION This study, for the first time, presents CCNA1 and TIMP3 hypermethylation as a helpful tool to identify HNSCC subjects at risk of developing second primary carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - André Luiz Vettore
- Cancer Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, 04039-020, São Paulo, Brazil.
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35
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Sun W, Gaykalova DA, Ochs MF, Mambo E, Arnaoutakis D, Liu Y, Loyo M, Agrawal N, Howard J, Li R, Ahn S, Fertig E, Sidransky D, Houghton J, Buddavarapu K, Sanford T, Choudhary A, Darden W, Adai A, Latham G, Bishop J, Sharma R, Westra WH, Hennessey P, Chung CH, Califano JA. Activation of the NOTCH pathway in head and neck cancer. Cancer Res 2013; 74:1091-104. [PMID: 24351288 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-1259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
NOTCH1 mutations have been reported to occur in 10% to 15% of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). To determine the significance of these mutations, we embarked upon a comprehensive study of NOTCH signaling in a cohort of 44 HNSCC tumors and 25 normal mucosal samples through a set of expression, copy number, methylation, and mutation analyses. Copy number increases were identified in NOTCH pathway genes, including the NOTCH ligand JAG1. Gene set analysis defined a differential expression of the NOTCH signaling pathway in HNSCC relative to normal tissues. Analysis of individual pathway-related genes revealed overexpression of ligands JAG1 and JAG2 and receptor NOTCH3. In 32% of the HNSCC examined, activation of the downstream NOTCH effectors HES1/HEY1 was documented. Notably, exomic sequencing identified 5 novel inactivating NOTCH1 mutations in 4 of the 37 tumors analyzed, with none of these tumors exhibiting HES1/HEY1 overexpression. Our results revealed a bimodal pattern of NOTCH pathway alterations in HNSCC, with a smaller subset exhibiting inactivating NOTCH1 receptor mutations but a larger subset exhibiting other NOTCH1 pathway alterations, including increases in expression or gene copy number of the receptor or ligands as well as downstream pathway activation. Our results imply that therapies that target the NOTCH pathway may be more widely suitable for HNSCC treatment than appreciated currently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyue Sun
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Oncology and Health Science Informatics, Surgery, Oncology, and Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions; Milton J. Dance Head and Neck Center, Greater Baltimore Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland; and Asuragen Inc., Austin, Texas
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36
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Verma M, Rogers S, Divi RL, Schully SD, Nelson S, Joseph Su L, Ross SA, Pilch S, Winn DM, Khoury MJ. Epigenetic research in cancer epidemiology: trends, opportunities, and challenges. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2013; 23:223-33. [PMID: 24326628 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-13-0573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics is emerging as an important field in cancer epidemiology that promises to provide insights into gene regulation and facilitate cancer control throughout the cancer care continuum. Increasingly, investigators are incorporating epigenetic analysis into the studies of etiology and outcomes. To understand current progress and trends in the inclusion of epigenetics in cancer epidemiology, we evaluated the published literature and the National Cancer Institute (NCI)-supported research grant awards in this field to identify trends in epigenetics research. We present a summary of the epidemiologic studies in NCI's grant portfolio (from January 2005 through December 2012) and in the scientific literature published during the same period, irrespective of support from the NCI. Blood cells and tumor tissue were the most commonly used biospecimens in these studies, although buccal cells, cervical cells, sputum, and stool samples were also used. DNA methylation profiling was the focus of the majority of studies, but several studies also measured microRNA profiles. We illustrate here the current status of epidemiologic studies that are evaluating epigenetic changes in large populations. The incorporation of epigenomic assessments in cancer epidemiology studies has and is likely to continue to provide important insights into the field of cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Verma
- Authors' Affiliations: Epidemiology and Genomics Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences; Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute; Office of the Director, Information Resources and Services Branch, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland; and Office of Public Health Genomics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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Longo ALB, Rettori MM, de Carvalho AC, Kowalski LP, Carvalho AL, Vettore AL. Evaluation of the methylation profile of exfoliated cell samples from patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck 2013; 36:631-7. [PMID: 23595968 DOI: 10.1002/hed.23345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Revised: 12/26/2012] [Accepted: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Silencing of tumor suppressor genes plays a vital role in head and neck carcinogenesis. The purposes of this study were to determine the methylation profile of exfoliated tumors cells collected from patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and to evaluate its prognostic significance. METHODS The methylation profile and level of a 20-gene panel were evaluated by quantitative methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (qMSP) in exfoliated tumor cell samples from 96 patients with HNSCC. RESULTS CCNA1 (60.4%), DCC (54.2%), and TIMP3 (35.4%) were frequently methylated in these samples. Patients with exfoliated tumors cells positive for DCC methylation showed a trend toward a lower local recurrence-free survival. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that a low invasive method could be used to access the methylation profile of exfoliated cells from patients with HNSCC. Moreover, our data provide evidence that hypermethylation of DCC could be useful as prognostic indicator for this malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Luiza Bomfim Longo
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular do Câncer, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Ogunwobi OO, Puszyk W, Dong HJ, Liu C. Epigenetic upregulation of HGF and c-Met drives metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63765. [PMID: 23723997 PMCID: PMC3665785 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and its receptor, c-Met, are important regulators of growth and differentiation of healthy hepatocytes. However, upregulation of HGF and c-Met have been associated with tumor progression and metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Hematogenous dissemination is the most common route for cancer metastasis, but the role of HGF and c-Met in circulating tumor cells (CTCs) is unknown. We have isolated and established a circulating tumor cell line from the peripheral blood of a mouse HCC model. Our studies show that these CTCs have increased expression of HGF and c-Met in comparison to the primary tumor cells. The CTCs display phenotypic evidence of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the EMT appears to be inducible by HGF. Epigenetic analysis of the c-Met promoter identified significant loss of DNA methylation in CTCs which correlated with overexpression of c-Met and increased expression of HGF. Six specific CpG sites of c-Met promoter demethylation were identified. CTCs show significantly increased tumorigenicity and metastatic potential in a novel orthotopic syngeneic model of metastatic HCC. We conclude that during hematogenous dissemination in HCC, CTCs undergo EMT under the influence of increased HGF. This process also involves up regulation of c-Met via promoter demethylation at 6 CpG sites. Consequently, targeting HGF and c-Met expression by CTCs may be a novel non-invasive approach with potential clinical applications in HCC management.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Carcinogenesis/genetics
- Carcinogenesis/pathology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- DNA Methylation/genetics
- Epigenesis, Genetic
- Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Hepatocyte Growth Factor/genetics
- Humans
- Liver Neoplasms/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Mesoderm/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Models, Biological
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Neoplastic Cells, Circulating/metabolism
- Neoplastic Cells, Circulating/pathology
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met/metabolism
- Up-Regulation/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Olorunseun O. Ogunwobi
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Shands Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - William Puszyk
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Hui-Jia Dong
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Shands Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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39
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Roh JL, Wang XV, Manola J, Sidransky D, Forastiere AA, Koch WM. Clinical correlates of promoter hypermethylation of four target genes in head and neck cancer: a cooperative group correlative study. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 19:2528-40. [PMID: 23444219 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-12-3047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Promoter hypermethylation is a well-documented mechanism for tumor-specific alteration of suppressor gene activity in human malignancy including head and neck cancer (HNC). The abrogation of specific suppressor gene activity may influence tumor behavior and clinical outcome. In this study we examined methylation of DCC, KIF1A, EDNRB, and p16(INK4a) in a large cohort of HNC patients from Eastern Cooperative Group (ECOG) 4393/Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) 9614 to identify clinical correlates of methylation of these genes. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Methylation was assessed by quantitative methylation-specific PCR in DNA from tumor specimens and was considered as a continuous and a binary variable. Clinical data including demographics, stage, risk factor exposure, treatment, and outcome were collected by ECOG and RTOG. Methylation status was also correlated with mutation of TP53 (previously reported) and human papilloma virus status. RESULTS Methylation results were available for 368 cases, 353 of which also have p53 mutation status. At least one methylation event was present in all tumors. In multivariate analysis of the entire cohort, methylation of p16 was associated with decreased survival (HR = 1.008; P = 0.045). However, in tumors with disruptive TP53 mutation (poor prognostic group), the additional presence of methylation of p16 was protective (P = 0.019 considering p16 methylation as a continuous variable). CONCLUSION Methylation of tumor-related genes contributes to the biological behavior of HNC and influences overall survival in conjunction with other known prognostic molecular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Lyel Roh
- Departments of Otolaryngology-Head, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
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40
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Shao C, Tan M, Bishop JA, Liu J, Bai W, Gaykalova DA, Ogawa T, Vikani AR, Agrawal Y, Li RJ, Kim MS, Westra WH, Sidransky D, Califano JA, Ha PK. Suprabasin is hypomethylated and associated with metastasis in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma. PLoS One 2012; 7:e48582. [PMID: 23144906 PMCID: PMC3492451 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2012] [Accepted: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Salivary gland adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a rare cancer, accounting for only 1% of all head and neck malignancies. ACC is well known for perineural invasion and distant metastasis, but its underlying molecular mechanisms of carcinogenesis are still unclear. Principal Findings Here, we show that a novel oncogenic candidate, suprabasin (SBSN), plays important roles in maintaining the anchorage-independent and anchorage-dependent cell proliferation in ACC by using SBSN shRNA stably transfected ACC cell line clones. SBSN is also important in maintaining the invasive/metastatic capability in ACC by Matrigel invasion assay. More interestingly, SBSN transcription is significantly upregulated by DNA demethylation induced by 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine plus trichostatin A treatment and the DNA methylation levels of the SBSN CpG island located in the second intron were validated to be significantly hypomethylated in primary ACC samples versus normal salivary gland tissues. Conclusions/Significance Taken together, these results support SBSN as novel oncogene candidate in ACC, and the methylation changes could be a promising biomarker for ACC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunbo Shao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, the Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Marietta Tan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, the Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Justin A. Bishop
- Department of Surgical Pathology, the Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jia Liu
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Weiliang Bai
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Daria A. Gaykalova
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, the Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Takenori Ogawa
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Ami R. Vikani
- The George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington D.C., United States of America
| | - Yuri Agrawal
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, the Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ryan J. Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, the Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Myoung Sook Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, the Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - William H. Westra
- Department of Surgical Pathology, the Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - David Sidransky
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, the Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Joseph A. Califano
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, the Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Milton J Dance Jr. Head and Neck Center at the Greater Baltimore Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Patrick K. Ha
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, the Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Milton J Dance Jr. Head and Neck Center at the Greater Baltimore Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: *
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41
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Rettori MM, de Carvalho AC, Bomfim Longo AL, de Oliveira CZ, Kowalski LP, Carvalho AL, Vettore AL. Prognostic significance of TIMP3 hypermethylation in post-treatment salivary rinse from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients. Carcinogenesis 2012; 34:20-7. [PMID: 23042095 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgs311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypermethylation in the promoter regions of genes is associated with suppression of gene expression and has been considered a potential molecular marker for several tumor types, including head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). Moreover, hypermethylation can be detected in body fluids such as saliva and can be useful for the diagnosis and prognosis of patients suffering from cancer. To evaluate the hypermethylation profile as a tool for early detection of tumor recurrences, this study determines the methylation status of 24 genes in salivary rinses collected from HNSCC patients at diagnosis, just after the last curative treatment and in the patients' follow-up visit at 6 months after treatment. In the analysis of salivary rinse samples taken at diagnosis of HNSCC patients, five genes (CCNA1, DAPK, DCC, MGMT and TIMP3) showed high specificity and sensitivity. Hypermethylation in any of these five genes was correlated with the presence of tumors in the oral cavity. Patients with TIMP3 methylation in samples collected 6 months after the last curative treatment had lower local recurrence-free survival (P = 0.008). Multivariate analysis confirmed that this hypermethylation pattern remained as an independent prognostic factor for local recurrence (P = 0.025). This study presents, for the first time, the detection of TIMP3 promoter hypermethylation in post-treatment salivary rinse as an independent prognostic maker for local recurrence-free survival in patients with HNSCC, justifying the use of DNA hypermethylation detection in saliva as a tool for identifying and monitoring HNSCC patients' subgroups with high risk of developing local recurrence.
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42
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Even-skipped homeobox 1 is frequently hypermethylated in prostate cancer and predicts PSA recurrence. Br J Cancer 2012; 107:100-7. [PMID: 22596233 PMCID: PMC3389415 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2012.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: DNA methylation is an important epigenetic mechanism in prostate cancer (PCa) progression. Given the role of even-skipped homeobox 1 (EVX1) in the regulation of multiple genes during embryogenesis, we postulated that EVX1 methylation is altered in PCa progression. Methods: Bisulphite sequencing and quantitative MethyLight were used to assess methylation in human prostate epithelial cells, four PCa cell lines, liver, lung, spleen, kidney, 35 paired tumour and tumour-associated benign tissues, and 11 normal prostate tissues. Prostate cancer cell lines were treated with 5-azacytidine (AzaC) or trichostatin A (TSA), and expression of EVX1 transcript and variants was assessed by qPCR. Hypermethylation was compared with clinicopathological features in a validation set of 58 patients using microarray. Results: Even-skipped homeobox 1 hypermethylation was observed in all four PCa cell lines and 57% of tumours. High-grade tumours exhibited increased methylation compared with intermediate-grade tumours. Even-skipped homeobox 1 expression was induced in PCa cell lines after treatment with AzaC or TSA. In the validation set, 83% of tumours were hypermethylated and hypermethylation was associated with worse recurrence-free survival. Conclusion: In this first evaluation of EVX1 methylation in human cancer, EVX1 is one of the most commonly hypermethylated genes observed in PCa and predicted treatment failure in moderate risk patients.
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43
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Sun W, Zaboli D, Liu Y, Arnaoutakis D, Khan T, Wang H, Koch W, Khan Z, Califano JA. Comparison of promoter hypermethylation pattern in salivary rinses collected with and without an exfoliating brush from patients with HNSCC. PLoS One 2012; 7:e33642. [PMID: 22438973 PMCID: PMC3306276 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2011] [Accepted: 02/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salivary rinses have been recently proposed as a valuable resource for the development of epigenetic biomarkers for detection and monitoring of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Both salivary rinses collected with and without an exfoliating brush from patients with HNSCC are used in detection of promoter hypermethylation, yet their correlation of promoter hypermethylation has not been evaluated. This study was to evaluate the concordance of promoter hypermethylation between salivary rinses collected with and without an exfoliating brush from patients with HNSCC. METHODOLGY: 57 paired salivary rinses collected with or without an exfoliating brush from identical HNSCC patients were evaluated for promoter hypermethylation status using Quantitative Methylation-Specific PCR. Target tumor suppressor gene promoter regions were selected based on our previous studies describing a panel for HNSCC screening and surveillance, including P16, CCNA1, DCC, TIMP3, MGMT, DAPK and MINT31. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In salivary rinses collected with and without brush, frequent methylation was detected in P16 (8.8% vs. 5.2%), CCNA1 (26.3% vs. 22.8%), DCC (33.3% vs. 29.8%), TIMP3 (31.6% vs. 36.8%), MGMT (29.8% vs. 38.6%), DAPK (14.0% vs. 19.2%), and MINT31 (10.5% vs. 8.8%). Spearman's rank correlation coefficient showed a positive correlation between salivary rinses collected with and without brush for P16 (ρ = 0.79), CCNA1 (ρ = 0.61), DCC (ρ = 0.58), TIMP3 (ρ = 0.10), MGMT (ρ = 0.70), DAPK (ρ = 0.51) and MINT31 (ρ = 0.72) (P<0.01). The percent agreement of promoter methylation between salivary rinses with brush and without brush were 96.5% for P16, 82.5% for CCNA1, 78.9% for DCC, 59.7% for TIMP3, 84.2% for MGMT, 84.2% for DAPK, and 94.7% for MINT31. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated strong correlations of gene promoter hypermethylation between salivary rinses collected with and without an exfoliating brush. Salivary rinse collection without using an exfoliating brush may offer a cost effective, rapid, non-invasive, and reliable means for development of epigenetic salivary rinse biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyue Sun
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - David Zaboli
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Surgery, Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Demetri Arnaoutakis
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Tanbir Khan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Hao Wang
- Division of Oncology Biostatistics, Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Wayne Koch
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Zubair Khan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Joseph A. Califano
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Milton J. Dance Head and Neck Center, Greater Baltimore Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: .
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