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Li JJ, Mao JX, Zhong HX, Zhao YY, Teng F, Lu XY, Zhu LY, Gao Y, Fu H, Guo WY. Multifaceted roles of lymphatic and blood endothelial cells in the tumor microenvironment of hepatocellular carcinoma: A comprehensive review. World J Hepatol 2024; 16:537-549. [PMID: 38689749 PMCID: PMC11056903 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v16.i4.537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment is a complex network of cells, extracellular matrix, and signaling molecules that plays a critical role in tumor progression and metastasis. Lymphatic and blood vessels are major routes for solid tumor metastasis and essential parts of tumor drainage conduits. However, recent studies have shown that lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) and blood endothelial cells (BECs) also play multifaceted roles in the tumor microenvironment beyond their structural functions, particularly in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This comprehensive review summarizes the diverse roles played by LECs and BECs in HCC, including their involvement in angiogenesis, immune modulation, lymphangiogenesis, and metastasis. By providing a detailed account of the complex interplay between LECs, BECs, and tumor cells, this review aims to shed light on future research directions regarding the immune regulatory function of LECs and potential therapeutic targets for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Li
- Department of Liver Surgery and Organ Transplantation, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Jia-Xi Mao
- Department of Liver Surgery and Organ Transplantation, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Han-Xiang Zhong
- Department of Liver Surgery and Organ Transplantation, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Yuan-Yu Zhao
- Department of Liver Surgery and Organ Transplantation, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Fei Teng
- Department of Liver Surgery and Organ Transplantation, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Xin-Yi Lu
- Department of Liver Surgery and Organ Transplantation, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Li-Ye Zhu
- Department of Liver Surgery and Organ Transplantation, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Liver Surgery and Organ Transplantation, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Hong Fu
- Department of Liver Surgery and Organ Transplantation, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Wen-Yuan Guo
- Department of Liver Surgery and Organ Transplantation, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China.
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Tang S, Li S, Shi X, Sheng L, Mu Q, Wang Y, Zhu H, Xu K, Zhou M, Xu Z, Wu A, Ouyang G. CALCRL induces resistance to daunorubicin in acute myeloid leukemia cells through upregulation of XRCC5/TYK2/JAK1 pathway. Anticancer Drugs 2024; 35:163-176. [PMID: 37948318 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000001547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapy is the main treatment option for acute myeloid leukemia (AML), but acquired resistance of leukemic cells to chemotherapeutic agents often leads to difficulties in AML treatment and disease relapse. High calcitonin receptor-like (CALCRL) expression is closely associated with poorer prognosis in AML patients. Therefore, this study was performed by performing CALCRL overexpression constructs in AML cell lines HL-60 and Molm-13 with low CALCRL expression. The results showed that overexpression of CALCRL in HL-60 and Molm-13 could confer resistance properties to AML cells and reduce the DNA damage and cell cycle G0/G1 phase blocking effects caused by daunorubicin (DNR) and others. Overexpression of CALCRL also reduced DNR-induced apoptosis. Mechanistically, the Cancer Clinical Research Database analyzed a significant positive correlation between XRCC5 and CALCRL in AML patients. Therefore, the combination of RT-PCR and Western blot studies further confirmed that the expression levels of XRCC5 and PDK1 genes and proteins were significantly upregulated after overexpression of CALCRL. In contrast, the phosphorylation levels of AKT/PKCε protein, a downstream pathway of XRCC5/PDK1, were significantly upregulated. In the response study, transfection of overexpressed CALCRL cells with XRCC5 siRNA significantly upregulated the drug sensitivity of AML to DNR. The expression levels of PDK1 protein and AKT/PKCε phosphorylated protein in the downstream pathway were inhibited considerably, and the expression of apoptosis-related proteins Bax and cleaved caspase-3 were upregulated. Animal experiments showed that the inhibitory effect of DNR on the growth of HL-60 cells and the number of bone marrow invasions were significantly reversed after overexpression of CALCRL in nude mice. However, infection of XCRR5 shRNA lentivirus in HL-60 cells with CALCRL overexpression attenuated the effect of CALCRL overexpression and upregulated the expression of apoptosis-related proteins induced by DNR. This study provides a preliminary explanation for the relationship between high CALCRL expression and poor prognosis of chemotherapy in AML patients. It offers a more experimental basis for DNR combined with molecular targets for precise treatment in subsequent studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanhao Tang
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University
| | - Shuangyue Li
- Department of Hematology, the Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xiaowei Shi
- Department of Hematology, the Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Lixia Sheng
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University
| | - Qitian Mu
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University
| | - Huiling Zhu
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University
| | - Kaihong Xu
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University
| | - Miao Zhou
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University
| | - Zhijuan Xu
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University
| | - An Wu
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University
| | - Guifang Ouyang
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University
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Expression of the Calcitonin Receptor-like Receptor (CALCRL) in Normal and Neoplastic Tissues. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043960. [PMID: 36835377 PMCID: PMC9962437 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Little information is available concerning protein expression of the calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CALCRL) at the protein level. Here, we developed a rabbit monoclonal antibody, 8H9L8, which is directed against human CALCRL but cross-reacts with the rat and mouse forms of the receptor. We confirmed antibody specificity via Western blot analyses and immunocytochemistry using the CALCRL-expressing neuroendocrine tumour cell line BON-1 and a CALCRL-specific small interfering RNA (siRNA). We then used the antibody for immunohistochemical analyses of various formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens of normal and neoplastic tissues. In nearly all tissue specimens examined, CALCRL expression was detected in the capillary endothelium, smooth muscles of the arterioles and arteries, and immune cells. Analyses of normal human, rat, and mouse tissues revealed that CALCRL was primarily present in distinct cell populations in the cerebral cortex; pituitary; dorsal root ganglia; epithelia, muscles, and glands of the larger bronchi; intestinal mucosa (particularly in enteroendocrine cells); intestinal ganglia; exocrine and endocrine pancreas; arteries, capillaries, and glomerular capillary loops in the kidneys; the adrenals; Leydig cells in the testicles; and syncytiotrophoblasts in the placenta. In the neoplastic tissues, CALCRL was predominantly expressed in thyroid carcinomas, parathyroid adenomas, small-cell lung cancers, large-cell neuroendocrine carcinomas of the lung, pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms, renal clear-cell carcinomas, pheochromocytomas, lymphomas, and melanomas. In these tumours with strong expression of CALCRL, the receptor may represent a useful target structure for future therapies.
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Wang H, Zhou Z, Xie J, Qi S, Tang J. Integration of single-cell and bulk transcriptomics reveals immune-related signatures in keloid. J Cosmet Dermatol 2023; 22:1893-1905. [PMID: 36701151 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Keloid is a pathological dermatological condition that manifests as an overgrowth scar secondary to skin trauma. This study endeavored to excavate immune-related signatures of keloid based on single-cell RNA (scRNA) sequencing data and bulk RNA sequencing data. METHOD The keloid-relevant scRNA sequencing dataset GSE163973 and bulk RNA sequencing dataset GSE113619 were mined from the GEO database. The "Seurat" R package was utilized for data quality control, cell clustering, and investigation of marker genes of each cell cluster. The "SingleR" package helped match the marker genes of the corresponding cluster to specific cell types. Moreover, the R package "Monocle" was deployed for pseudotemporal ordering analysis, and the "clusterProfiler" was applied for functional and pathway enrichment analysis. The immune-related signatures were then identified, and potential targeted drugs were predicted via the DGIdb database. Verification of the immune-related signatures in clinical validation samples was implemented by RT-qPCR. RESULTS Totally 23 cell clusters were screened and classified into 10 cell types based on the scRNA sequencing data. The keloid group had a significantly higher endothelial cell proportion than the control group. As enrichment analysis was applied in both differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of scRNA and bulk RNA sequencing data, we found they were enriched in multiple common immune-related pathways and biological processes. Meanwhile, we acquired three immune-related signatures (VCAM1, CALCRL, and HLA-DPB1) by intersecting the above DEGs with immune-related genes (IRGs). Then, we predicted 16 drugs potentially targeting the biomarkers through the DGIdb database. Finally, the outcome of RT-qPCR of clinical validation samples further verified the results. CONCLUSION In conclusion, we analyzed the cell types and functional differences in the keloid through scRNA and bulk RNA sequencing data. We identified three immune-related signatures (VCAM1, CALCRL, and HLA-DPB1) in keloid, providing a basis for further in-depth investigation of the molecular mechanisms of keloid and exploration of therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanwen Wang
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziheng Zhou
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Julin Xie
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaohai Qi
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinming Tang
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Chang CL, Cai Z, Hsu SYT. Gel-forming antagonist provides a lasting effect on CGRP-induced vasodilation. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1040951. [PMID: 36569288 PMCID: PMC9772450 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1040951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Migraine affects ∼15% of the adult population, and the standard treatment includes the use of triptans, ergotamines, and analgesics. Recently, CGRP and its receptor, the CLR/RAMP1 receptor complex, have been targeted for migraine treatment due to their critical roles in mediating migraine headaches. The effort has led to the approval of several anti-CGRP antibodies for chronic migraine treatment. However, many patients still suffer continuous struggles with migraine, perhaps due to the limited ability of anti-CGRP therapeutics to fully reduce CGRP levels or reach target cells. An alternative anti-CGRP strategy may help address the medical need of patients who do not respond to existing therapeutics. By serendipity, we have recently found that several chimeric adrenomedullin/adrenomedullin 2 peptides are potent CLR/RAMP receptor antagonists and self-assemble to form liquid gels. Among these analogs, the ADE651 analog, which potently inhibits CLR/RAMP1 receptor signaling, forms gels at a 6-20% level. Screening of ADE651 variants indicated that residues at the junctional region of this chimeric peptide are important for gaining the gel-forming capability. Gel-formation significantly slowed the passage of ADE651 molecules through Centricon filters. Consistently, subcutaneous injection of ADE651 gel in rats led to the sustained presence of ADE651 in circulation for >1 week. In addition, analysis of vascular blood flow in rat hindlimbs showed ADE651 significantly reduces CGRP-induced vasodilation. Because gel-forming antagonists could have direct and sustained access to target cells, ADE651 and related antagonists for CLR/RAMP receptors may represent promising candidates for targeting CGRP- and/or adrenomedullin-mediated headaches in migraine patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia Lin Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Zheqing Cai
- CL Laboratory LLC, Gaithersburg, MD, United States
| | - Sheau Yu Teddy Hsu
- Adepthera LLC, San Jose, CA, United States,*Correspondence: Sheau Yu Teddy Hsu,
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Benyahia Z, Gaudy-Marqueste C, Berenguer-Daizé C, Chabane N, Dussault N, Cayol M, Vellutini C, Djemli A, Nanni I, Beaufils N, Mabrouk K, Grob JJ, Ouafik L. Adrenomedullin Secreted by Melanoma Cells Promotes Melanoma Tumor Growth through Angiogenesis and Lymphangiogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14235909. [PMID: 36497391 PMCID: PMC9738606 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Metastatic melanoma is an aggressive tumor and can constitute a real therapeutic challenge despite the significant progress achieved with targeted therapies and immunotherapies, thus highlighting the need for the identification of new therapeutic targets. Adrenomedullin (AM) is a peptide with significant expression in multiple types of tumors and is multifunctional. AM impacts angiogenesis and tumor growth and binds to calcitonin receptor-like receptor/receptor activity-modifying protein 2 or 3 (CLR/RAMP2; CLR/RAMP3). METHODS In vitro and in vivo studies were performed to determine the functional role of AM in melanoma growth and tumor-associated angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. RESULTS In this study, AM and AM receptors were immunohistochemically localized in the tumoral compartment of melanoma tissue, suggesting that the AM system plays a role in melanoma growth. We used A375, SK-MEL-28, and MeWo cells, for which we demonstrate an expression of AM and its receptors; hypoxia induces the expression of AM in melanoma cells. The proliferation of A375 and SK-MEL-28 cells is decreased by anti-AM antibody (αAM) and anti-AMR antibodies (αAMR), supporting the fact that AM may function as a potent autocrine/paracrine growth factor for melanoma cells. Furthermore, migration and invasion of melanoma cells increased after treatment with AM and decreased after treatment with αAMR, thus indicating that melanoma cells are regulated by AM. Systemic administration of αAMR reduced neovascularization of in vivo Matrigel plugs containing melanoma cells, as demonstrated by reduced numbers of vessel structures, which suggests that AM is one of the melanoma cells-derived factors responsible for endothelial cell-like and pericyte recruitment in the construction of neovascularization. In vivo, αAMR therapy blocked angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis and decreased proliferation in MeWo xenografts, thereby resulting in tumor regression. Histological examination of αAMR-treated tumors showed evidence of the disruption of tumor vascularity, with depletion of vascular endothelial cells and a significant decrease in lymphatic endothelial cells. CONCLUSIONS The expression of AM by melanoma cells promotes tumor growth and neovascularization by supplying/amplifying signals for neoangiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohra Benyahia
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Caroline Gaudy-Marqueste
- Aix Marseille Univ, APHM, CHU Timone, Service de Dermatologie et de Cancérologie Cutanée, 13005 Marseille, France
| | | | - Norhimane Chabane
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Nadège Dussault
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Mylène Cayol
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Christine Vellutini
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Amina Djemli
- Aix Marseille Univ, APHM, CHU Nord, Service D’anatomopathologie, 13015 Marseille, France
| | - Isabelle Nanni
- Aix Marseille Univ, APHM, CHU Nord, Service D’Onco-Biologie, 13015 Marseille, France
| | - Nathalie Beaufils
- Aix Marseille Univ, APHM, CHU Nord, Service D’Onco-Biologie, 13015 Marseille, France
| | - Kamel Mabrouk
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Grob
- Aix Marseille Univ, APHM, CHU Timone, Service de Dermatologie et de Cancérologie Cutanée, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - L’Houcine Ouafik
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, 13005 Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, APHM, CHU Nord, Service D’Onco-Biologie, 13015 Marseille, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-491324447
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Jailani ABA, Bigos KJA, Avgoustou P, Egan JL, Hathway RA, Skerry TM, Richards GO. Targeting the adrenomedullin-2 receptor for the discovery and development of novel anti-cancer agents. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2022; 17:839-848. [PMID: 35733389 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2022.2090541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adrenomedullin (AM) is a peptide responsible for many physiological processes including vascular health and hormone regulation. Dysregulation of AM signaling can stimulate cancers by promoting proliferation, angiogenesis and metastasis. Two AM receptors contribute to tumor progression in different ways. Adrenomedullin-1 receptor (AM1R) regulates blood pressure and blocking AM signaling via AM1R would be clinically unacceptable. Therefore, antagonizing adrenomedullin-2 receptor (AM2R) presents as an avenue for anti-cancer drug development. AREAS COVERED We review the literature to highlight AM's role in cancer as well as delineating the specific roles AM1R and AM2R mediate in the development of a pro-tumoral microenvironment. We highlight the importance of exploring the residue differences between the receptors that led to the development of first-in-class selective AM2R small molecule antagonists. We also summarize the current approaches targeting AM and its receptors, their anti-tumor effects and their limitations. EXPERT OPINION As tool compounds, AM2R antagonists will allow the dissection of the functions of CGRPR (calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor), AM1R and AM2R, and has considerable potential as a first-in-class oncology therapy. Furthermore, the lack of detectable side effects and good drug-like pharmacokinetic properties of these AM2R antagonists support the promise of this class of compounds as potential anti-cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameera B A Jailani
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Kamilla J A Bigos
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Paris Avgoustou
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Joseph L Egan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Timothy M Skerry
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Gareth O Richards
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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CALCRL Gene is a Suitable Prognostic Factor in AML/ETO + AML Patients. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:3024360. [PMID: 35342399 PMCID: PMC8942673 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3024360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The t(8 ; 21) translocation is the most common chromosomal abnormality in human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) subtype 2 (M2), which forms the AML/ETO fusion gene. However, AML/ETO alone does not necessarily cause leukemia. Other factors are thought to contribute to the disease. Calcitonin receptor-like (CALCRL), a G-protein-coupled neuropeptide receptor, is involved in various biological processes, such as colony formation and drug resistance. Methods First, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases were used to determine any differences in CALCRL expression in AML patients with and without AML/ETO and the prognostic significance of CALCRL expression in AML patients was further evaluated. Next, we detected the CALCRL expression level in 67 AML/ETO+ AML patients and 16 patients with nonmalignant hematological diseases using qRT-PCR and identified its prognostic relevance. Results Individuals in the group expressing low levels of CALCRL had a longer median survival time. In AML/ETO+ AML patients, higher mRNA levels of CALCRL were observed before treatment, which decreased after the complete remission that followed multiple chemotherapy sessions. Clinical features indicated that more patients in the CALCRLhigh group also had c-kit mutations compared with patients in other groups. Overall survival (OS) was longer in patients with lower levels of CALCRL expression, especially in patients with c-kit mutations or with more blast cells in bone marrow (BM). In addition, a longer OS was observed in the CALCRLlow group after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Conclusions This preliminary study indicates that CALCRL could serve as a suitable prognostic factor in AML/ETO+ AML patients.
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The Role of Neuropeptide-Stimulated cAMP-EPACs Signalling in Cancer Cells. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27010311. [PMID: 35011543 PMCID: PMC8746471 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neuropeptides are autocrine and paracrine signalling factors and mainly bind to G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) to trigger intracellular secondary messenger release including adenosine 3′, 5′-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP), thus modulating cancer progress in different kind of tumours. As one of the downstream effectors of cAMP, exchange proteins directly activated by cAMP (EPACs) play dual roles in cancer proliferation and metastasis. More evidence about the relationship between neuropeptides and EPAC pathways have been proposed for their potential role in cancer development; hence, this review focuses on the role of neuropeptide/GPCR system modulation of cAMP/EPACs pathways in cancers. The correlated downstream pathways between neuropeptides and EPACs in cancer cell proliferation, migration, and metastasis is discussed to glimmer the direction of future research.
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Arman T, Nelson PS. Endocrine and paracrine characteristics of neuroendocrine prostate cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1012005. [PMID: 36440195 PMCID: PMC9691667 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1012005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a common malignancy affecting men worldwide. While the vast majority of newly diagnosed prostate cancers are categorized as adenocarcinomas, a spectrum of uncommon tumor types occur including those with small cell and neuroendocrine cell features. Benign neuroendocrine cells exist in the normal prostate microenvironment, and these cells may give rise to primary neuroendocrine carcinomas. However, the more common development of neuroendocrine prostate cancer is observed after therapeutics designed to repress the signaling program regulated by the androgen receptor which is active in the majority of localized and metastatic adenocarcinomas. Neuroendocrine tumors are identified through immunohistochemical staining for common markers including chromogranin A/B, synaptophysin and neuron specific enolase (NSE). These markers are also common to neuroendocrine tumors that arise in other tissues and organs such as the gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, lung and skin. Notably, neuroendocrine prostate cancer shares biochemical features with nerve cells, particularly functions involving the secretion of a variety of peptides and proteins. These secreted factors have the potential to exert local paracrine effects, and distant endocrine effects that may modulate tumor progression, invasion, and resistance to therapy. This review discusses the spectrum of factors derived from neuroendocrine prostate cancers and their potential to influence the pathophysiology of localized and metastatic prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarana Arman
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Peter S. Nelson
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States
- Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States
- *Correspondence: Peter S. Nelson,
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Wang L, Liu Z, Liang R, Wang W, Zhu R, Li J, Xing Z, Weng S, Han X, Sun YL. Comprehensive machine-learning survival framework develops a consensus model in large-scale multicenter cohorts for pancreatic cancer. eLife 2022; 11:80150. [PMID: 36282174 PMCID: PMC9596158 DOI: 10.7554/elife.80150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As the most aggressive tumor, the outcome of pancreatic cancer (PACA) has not improved observably over the last decade. Anatomy-based TNM staging does not exactly identify treatment-sensitive patients, and an ideal biomarker is urgently needed for precision medicine. Based on expression files of 1280 patients from 10 multicenter cohorts, we screened 32 consensus prognostic genes. Ten machine-learning algorithms were transformed into 76 combinations, of which we selected the optimal algorithm to construct an artificial intelligence-derived prognostic signature (AIDPS) according to the average C-index in the nine testing cohorts. The results of the training cohort, nine testing cohorts, Meta-Cohort, and three external validation cohorts (290 patients) consistently indicated that AIDPS could accurately predict the prognosis of PACA. After incorporating several vital clinicopathological features and 86 published signatures, AIDPS exhibited robust and dramatically superior predictive capability. Moreover, in other prevalent digestive system tumors, the nine-gene AIDPS could still accurately stratify the prognosis. Of note, our AIDPS had important clinical implications for PACA, and patients with low AIDPS owned a dismal prognosis, higher genomic alterations, and denser immune cell infiltrates as well as were more sensitive to immunotherapy. Meanwhile, the high AIDPS group possessed observably prolonged survival, and panobinostat may be a potential agent for patients with high AIDPS. Overall, our study provides an attractive tool to further guide the clinical management and individualized treatment of PACA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libo Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina,Institute of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina,Zhengzhou Basic and Clinical Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary DiseasesZhengzhouChina
| | - Zaoqu Liu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Ruopeng Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina,Institute of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina,Zhengzhou Basic and Clinical Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary DiseasesZhengzhouChina
| | - Weijie Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina,Institute of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina,Zhengzhou Basic and Clinical Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary DiseasesZhengzhouChina
| | - Rongtao Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina,Institute of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina,Zhengzhou Basic and Clinical Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary DiseasesZhengzhouChina
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina,Institute of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina,Zhengzhou Basic and Clinical Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary DiseasesZhengzhouChina
| | - Zhe Xing
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Siyuan Weng
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Xinwei Han
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Yu-ling Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina,Institute of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina,Zhengzhou Basic and Clinical Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary DiseasesZhengzhouChina
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12
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Calcitonin receptor-like (CALCRL) is a marker of stemness and an independent predictor of outcome in pediatric AML. Blood Adv 2021; 5:4413-4421. [PMID: 34559198 PMCID: PMC8579256 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021005236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We have recently identified the G protein-coupled neuropeptide receptor calcitonin receptor-like (CALCRL) as an independent prognostic biomarker and a therapeutic target in more than 1500 adult patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Here, we confirmed CALCRL expression as a prognostic factor in a cohort of 284 pediatric patients with AML. High CALCRL expression was independently associated with event-free survival (hazard ratio [HR], 1.87; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.36-2.57; P = .0001), overall survival (HR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.06-2.27; P = .025), and cumulative incidence of relapse (HR, 2.10; 95% CI, 1.49-1.96; P < .0001) when adjusting for age, white blood cell count, and genetic risk. Despite its association with leukemia stem cell signatures, CALCRL expression remained associated with all end points when compared with the 17-gene leukemic stem cell score. The strong association of CALCRL expression with the risk of relapse also in the pediatric population supports its role as novel age-independent master regulator of relapse-initiating, drug-tolerant AML cells in humans.
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13
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Sigaud R, Dussault N, Berenguer-Daizé C, Vellutini C, Benyahia Z, Cayol M, Parat F, Mabrouk K, Vázquez R, Riveiro ME, Metellus P, Ouafik L. Role of the Tyrosine Phosphatase SHP-2 in Mediating Adrenomedullin Proangiogenic Activity in Solid Tumors. Front Oncol 2021; 11:753244. [PMID: 34692535 PMCID: PMC8531523 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.753244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
VE-cadherin is an essential adhesion molecule in endothelial adherens junctions, and the integrity of these complexes is thought to be regulated by VE-cadherin tyrosine phosphorylation. We have previously shown that adrenomedullin (AM) blockade correlates with elevated levels of phosphorylated VE-cadherin (pVE-cadherinY731) in endothelial cells, associated with impaired barrier function and a persistent increase in vascular endothelial cell permeability. However, the mechanism underlying this effect is unknown. In this article, we demonstrate that the AM-mediated dephosphorylation of pVE-cadherinY731 takes place through activation of the tyrosine phosphatase SHP-2, as judged by the rise of its active fraction phosphorylated at tyrosine 542 (pSHP-2Y542) in HUVECs and glioblastoma-derived-endothelial cells. Both pre-incubation of HUVECs with SHP-2 inhibitors NSC-87877 and SHP099 and SHP-2 silencing hindered AM-induced dephosphorylation of pVE-cadherinY731 in a dose dependent-manner, showing the role of SHP-2 in the regulation of endothelial cell contacts. Furthermore, SHP-2 inhibition impaired AM-induced HUVECs differentiation into cord-like structures in vitro and impeded AM-induced neovascularization in in vivo Matrigel plugs bioassays. Subcutaneously transplanted U87-glioma tumor xenograft mice treated with AM-receptors-blocking antibodies showed a decrease in pSHP-2Y542 associated with VE-cadherin in nascent tumor vasculature when compared to control IgG-treated xenografts. Our findings show that AM acts on VE-cadherin dynamics through pSHP-2Y542 to finally modulate cell-cell junctions in the angiogenesis process, thereby promoting a stable and functional tumor vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Sigaud
- Aix Marseille University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Neurophysiopathologie( INP), Inst Neurophysiopathol, Marseille, France
| | - Nadège Dussault
- Aix Marseille University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Neurophysiopathologie( INP), Inst Neurophysiopathol, Marseille, France
| | - Caroline Berenguer-Daizé
- Aix Marseille University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Neurophysiopathologie( INP), Inst Neurophysiopathol, Marseille, France
| | - Christine Vellutini
- Aix Marseille University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Neurophysiopathologie( INP), Inst Neurophysiopathol, Marseille, France
| | - Zohra Benyahia
- Aix Marseille University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Neurophysiopathologie( INP), Inst Neurophysiopathol, Marseille, France
| | - Mylène Cayol
- Aix Marseille University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Neurophysiopathologie( INP), Inst Neurophysiopathol, Marseille, France
| | - Fabrice Parat
- Aix Marseille University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Neurophysiopathologie( INP), Inst Neurophysiopathol, Marseille, France
| | - Kamel Mabrouk
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire (ICR), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7273 Chimie Radicalaire Organique et Polymères de Spécialité (CROPS), Marseille, France
| | - Ramiro Vázquez
- Preclinical Department, Early Drug Development Group (E2DG), Boulogne-Billancourt, France.,Center for Genomic Science of Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Genomic Science, European School of Molecular Medicine (IIT@SEMM), Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Milan, Italy
| | - Maria E Riveiro
- Preclinical Department, Early Drug Development Group (E2DG), Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Philippe Metellus
- Aix Marseille University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Neurophysiopathologie( INP), Inst Neurophysiopathol, Marseille, France.,Centre Hospitalier Clairval, Département de Neurochirurgie, Marseille, France
| | - L'Houcine Ouafik
- Aix Marseille University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Neurophysiopathologie( INP), Inst Neurophysiopathol, Marseille, France.,Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Centre Hospitalo Universitaire (CHU) Nord, Service d'OncoBiologie, Marseille, France
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14
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Lee JY, Kim JH, Bang H, Cho J, Ko YH, Kim SJ, Kim WS. EGR1 as a potential marker of prognosis in extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10342. [PMID: 33990633 PMCID: PMC8121831 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89754-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Extranodal natural killer T-cell lymphoma (ENKTL) is an aggressive malignancy with a dismal prognosis. In the present study, gene expression profiling was performed to provide more information on ENKTL molecular signature and offer a rationale for further investigation of prognostic markers in ENKTL. NanoString nCounter Analysis encompassing 133 target genes was used to compare gene expression levels of 43 ENKTL tumor samples. The majority of the patients were under 60 years of age (79.1%); 32 (74.4%) patients had nasal type ENKTL and 23 patients (53.5%) had intermediate/high risk ENKTL based on the prognostic index for natural killer cell lymphoma (PINK). The median follow-up was 15.9 months and the median overall survival (OS) was 16.1 months (95% CI 13.0-69.8). EGR1 upregulation was consistently identified in the localized stage with a low risk of prognostic index based on the PINK. Among the six significantly relevant genes for EGR1 expression, high expression levels of genes, including CD59, GAS1, CXCR7, and RAMP3, were associated with a good survival prognosis. The in vitro test showed EGR1 modulated the transcriptional activity of the target genes including CD59, GAS1, CXCR7, and RAMP3. Downregulation of EGR1 and its target genes significantly inhibited apoptosis and decreased chemosensitivity and attenuated radiation-induced apoptosis. The findings showed EGR1 may be a candidate for prognostic markers in ENKTL. Considerable additional characterization may be necessary to fully understand EGR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yun Lee
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Joo Hyun Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Heejin Bang
- Department of Pathology, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Junhun Cho
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Hyeh Ko
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seok Jin Kim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, South Korea
| | - Won Seog Kim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, South Korea.
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15
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He M, He Q, Cai X, Chen Z, Lao S, Deng H, Liu X, Zheng Y, Liu X, Liu J, Xie Z, Yao M, Liang W, He J. Role of lymphatic endothelial cells in the tumor microenvironment-a narrative review of recent advances. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2021; 10:2252-2277. [PMID: 34164274 PMCID: PMC8182726 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-21-40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background As lymphatic vessel is a major route for solid tumor metastasis, they are considered an essential part of tumor drainage conduits. Apart from forming the walls of lymphatic vessels, lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) have been found to play multiple other roles in the tumor microenvironment, calling for a more in-depth review. We hope that this review may help researchers gain a detailed understanding of this fast-developing field and shed some light upon future research. Methods To achieve an informative review of recent advance, we carefully searched the Medline database for English literature that are openly published from the January 1995 to December 2020 and covered the topic of LEC or lymphangiogenesis in tumor progression and therapies. Two different authors independently examined the literature abstracts to exclude possible unqualified ones, and 310 papers with full texts were finally retrieved. Results In this paper, we discussed the structural and molecular basis of tumor-associated LECs, together with their roles in tumor metastasis and drug therapy. We then focused on their impacts on tumor cells, tumor stroma, and anti-tumor immunity, and the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved. Special emphasis on lung cancer and possible therapeutic targets based on LECs were also discussed. Conclusions LECs can play a much more complex role than simply forming conduits for tumor cell dissemination. Therapies targeting tumor-associated lymphatics for lung cancer and other tumors are promising, but more research is needed to clarify the mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease and National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qihua He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease and National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiuyu Cai
- Department of VIP Region, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zisheng Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease and National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, China
| | - Shen Lao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease and National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongsheng Deng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease and National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiwen Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease and National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongmei Zheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease and National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease and National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease and National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhanhong Xie
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease and National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Maojin Yao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease and National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenhua Liang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease and National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,The First People Hospital of Zhaoqing, Zhaoqing, China
| | - Jianxing He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease and National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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16
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Xu W, Harris NR, Caron KM. Lymphatic Vasculature: An Emerging Therapeutic Target and Drug Delivery Route. Annu Rev Med 2021; 72:167-182. [PMID: 33502903 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-med-051419-114417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The lymphatic system has received increasing scientific and clinical attention because a wide variety of diseases are linked to lymphatic pathologies and because the lymphatic system serves as an ideal conduit for drug delivery. Lymphatic vessels exert heterogeneous roles in different organs and vascular beds, and consequently, their dysfunction leads to distinct organ-specific outcomes. Although studies in animal model systems have led to the identification of crucial lymphatic genes with potential therapeutic benefit, effective lymphatic-targeted therapeutics are currently lacking for human lymphatic pathological conditions. Here, we focus on the therapeutic roles of lymphatic vessels in diseases and summarize the promising therapeutic targets for modulating lymphangiogenesis or lymphatic function in preclinical or clinical settings. We also discuss considerations for drug delivery or targeting of lymphatic vessels for treatment of lymphatic-related diseases. The lymphatic vasculature is rapidly emerging as a critical system for targeted modulation of its function and as a vehicle for innovative drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Xu
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA;
| | - Natalie R Harris
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA;
| | - Kathleen M Caron
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA;
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17
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Adrenomedullin-CALCRL axis controls relapse-initiating drug tolerant acute myeloid leukemia cells. Nat Commun 2021; 12:422. [PMID: 33462236 PMCID: PMC7813857 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20717-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug tolerant/resistant leukemic stem cell (LSC) subpopulations may explain frequent relapses in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), suggesting that these relapse-initiating cells (RICs) persistent after chemotherapy represent bona fide targets to prevent drug resistance and relapse. We uncover that calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CALCRL) is expressed in RICs, and that the overexpression of CALCRL and/or of its ligand adrenomedullin (ADM), and not CGRP, correlates to adverse outcome in AML. CALCRL knockdown impairs leukemic growth, decreases LSC frequency, and sensitizes to cytarabine in patient-derived xenograft models. Mechanistically, the ADM-CALCRL axis drives cell cycle, DNA repair, and mitochondrial OxPHOS function of AML blasts dependent on E2F1 and BCL2. Finally, CALCRL depletion reduces LSC frequency of RICs post-chemotherapy in vivo. In summary, our data highlight a critical role of ADM-CALCRL in post-chemotherapy persistence of these cells, and disclose a promising therapeutic target to prevent relapse in AML. Leukemic stem cells which are resistant to chemotherapy are proposed as relapse-initiating cells (RICs). Here, the authors show that targeting the adrenomedullin-calcitonin receptor-like receptor decreases RICs frequency improving chemotherapy response in AML preclinical models.
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18
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Vázquez R, Riveiro ME, Berenguer-Daizé C, O'Kane A, Gormley J, Touzelet O, Rezai K, Bekradda M, Ouafik L. Targeting Adrenomedullin in Oncology: A Feasible Strategy With Potential as Much More Than an Alternative Anti-Angiogenic Therapy. Front Oncol 2021; 10:589218. [PMID: 33489885 PMCID: PMC7815935 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.589218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The development, maintenance and metastasis of solid tumors are highly dependent on the formation of blood and lymphatic vessels from pre-existing ones through a series of processes that are respectively known as angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. Both are mediated by specific growth-stimulating molecules, such as the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and adrenomedullin (AM), secreted by diverse cell types which involve not only the cancerogenic ones, but also those constituting the tumor stroma (i.e., macrophages, pericytes, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells). In this sense, anti-angiogenic therapy represents a clinically-validated strategy in oncology. Current therapeutic approaches are mainly based on VEGF-targeting agents, which, unfortunately, are usually limited by toxicity and/or tumor-acquired resistance. AM is a ubiquitous peptide hormone mainly secreted in the endothelium with an important involvement in blood vessel development and cardiovascular homeostasis. In this review, we will introduce the state-of-the-art in terms of AM physiology, while putting a special focus on its pro-tumorigenic role, and discuss its potential as a therapeutic target in oncology. A large amount of research has evidenced AM overexpression in a vast majority of solid tumors and a correlation between AM levels and disease stage, progression and/or vascular density has been observed. The analysis presented here indicates that the involvement of AM in the pathogenesis of cancer arises from: 1) direct promotion of cell proliferation and survival; 2) increased vascularization and the subsequent supply of nutrients and oxygen to the tumor; 3) and/or alteration of the cell phenotype into a more aggressive one. Furthermore, we have performed a deep scrutiny of the pathophysiological prominence of each of the AM receptors (AM1 and AM2) in different cancers, highlighting their differential locations and functions, as well as regulatory mechanisms. From the therapeutic point of view, we summarize here an exhaustive series of preclinical studies showing a reduction of tumor angiogenesis, metastasis and growth following treatment with AM-neutralizing antibodies, AM receptor antagonists, or AM receptor interference. Anti-AM therapy is a promising strategy to be explored in oncology, not only as an anti-angiogenic alternative in the context of acquired resistance to VEGF treatment, but also as a potential anti-metastatic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramiro Vázquez
- Preclinical Department, Early Drug Development Group (E2DG), Boulogne-Billancourt, France.,Center for Genomic Science of IIT@SEMM, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Milan, Italy
| | - Maria E Riveiro
- Preclinical Department, Early Drug Development Group (E2DG), Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | | | - Anthony O'Kane
- Discovery and Scientific Affairs Department, Fusion Antibodies plc., Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Julie Gormley
- Discovery and Scientific Affairs Department, Fusion Antibodies plc., Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Olivier Touzelet
- Discovery and Scientific Affairs Department, Fusion Antibodies plc., Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Keyvan Rezai
- Department of Radio-Pharmacology, Institute Curie-René Huguenin Hospital, Saint-Cloud, France
| | - Mohamed Bekradda
- Preclinical Department, Early Drug Development Group (E2DG), Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - L'Houcine Ouafik
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INP, Institute of NeuroPhysiopathology, Marseille, France.,APHM, CHU Nord, Service de Transfert d'Oncologie Biologique, Marseille, France
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19
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Paré M, Darini CY, Yao X, Chignon-Sicard B, Rekima S, Lachambre S, Virolle V, Aguilar-Mahecha A, Basik M, Dani C, Ladoux A. Breast cancer mammospheres secrete Adrenomedullin to induce lipolysis and browning of adjacent adipocytes. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:784. [PMID: 32819314 PMCID: PMC7441622 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07273-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer cells cooperate with cells that compose their environment to promote tumor growth and invasion. Among them, adipocytes provide lipids used as a source of energy by cancer cells and adipokines that contribute to tumor expansion. Mechanisms supporting the dynamic interactions between cancer cells and stromal adipocytes, however, remain unclear. Methods We set-up a co-culture model with breast cancer cells grown in 3D as mammospheres and human adipocytes to accurately recapitulate intrinsic features of tumors, such as hypoxia and cancer cell–adipocytes interactions. Results Herein, we observed that the lipid droplets’ size was reduced in adipocytes adjacent to the mammospheres, mimicking adipocyte morphology on histological sections. We showed that the uncoupling protein UCP1 was expressed in adipocytes close to tumor cells on breast cancer histological sections as well as in adipocytes in contact with the mammospheres. Mammospheres produced adrenomedullin (ADM), a multifactorial hypoxia-inducible peptide while ADM receptors were detected in adipocytes. Stimulation of adipocytes with ADM promoted UCP1 expression and increased HSL phosphorylation, which activated lipolysis. Invalidation of ADM in breast cancer cells dramatically reduced UCP1 expression in adipocytes. Conclusions Breast tumor cells secreted ADM that modified cancer–associated adipocytes through paracrine signaling, leading to metabolic changes and delipidation. Hence, ADM appears to be crucial in controlling the interactions between cancer cells and adipocytes and represents an excellent target to hinder them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Paré
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, INSERM, iBV, Nice, France
| | - Cédric Y Darini
- Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Xi Yao
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, INSERM, iBV, Nice, France
| | - Bérengère Chignon-Sicard
- Université Côte d'Azur, Pasteur 2 Hospital, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Nice, France
| | - Samah Rekima
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, INSERM, iBV, Nice, France
| | | | | | - Adriana Aguilar-Mahecha
- Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Mark Basik
- Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Annie Ladoux
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, INSERM, iBV, Nice, France.
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20
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A parsimonious 3-gene signature predicts clinical outcomes in an acute myeloid leukemia multicohort study. Blood Adv 2020; 3:1330-1346. [PMID: 31015209 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2018030726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a genetically heterogeneous hematological malignancy with variable responses to chemotherapy. Although recurring cytogenetic abnormalities and gene mutations are important predictors of outcome, 50% to 70% of AMLs harbor normal or risk-indeterminate karyotypes. Therefore, identifying more effective biomarkers predictive of treatment success and failure is essential for informing tailored therapeutic decisions. We applied an artificial neural network (ANN)-based machine learning approach to a publicly available data set for a discovery cohort of 593 adults with nonpromyelocytic AML. ANN analysis identified a parsimonious 3-gene expression signature comprising CALCRL, CD109, and LSP1, which was predictive of event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS). We computed a prognostic index (PI) using normalized gene-expression levels and β-values from subsequently created Cox proportional hazards models, coupled with clinically established prognosticators. Our 3-gene PI separated the adult patients in each European LeukemiaNet cytogenetic risk category into subgroups with different survival probabilities and identified patients with very high-risk features, such as those with a high PI and either FLT3 internal tandem duplication or nonmutated nucleophosmin 1. The PI remained significantly associated with poor EFS and OS after adjusting for established prognosticators, and its ability to stratify survival was validated in 3 independent adult cohorts (n = 905 subjects) and 1 cohort of childhood AML (n = 145 subjects). Further in silico analyses established that AML was the only tumor type among 39 distinct malignancies for which the concomitant upregulation of CALCRL, CD109, and LSP1 predicted survival. Therefore, our ANN-derived 3-gene signature refines the accuracy of patient stratification and the potential to significantly improve outcome prediction.
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21
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Deficiency of the adrenomedullin-RAMP3 system suppresses metastasis through the modification of cancer-associated fibroblasts. Oncogene 2019; 39:1914-1930. [PMID: 31754214 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-1112-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tumor metastasis is a primary source of morbidity and mortality in cancer. Adrenomedullin (AM) is a multifunctional peptide regulated by receptor activity-modifying proteins (RAMPs). We previously reported that the AM-RAMP2 system is involved in tumor angiogenesis, but the function of the AM-RAMP3 system remains largely unknown. Here, we investigated the actions of the AM-RAMP2 and 3 systems in the tumor microenvironment and their impact on metastasis. PAN02 pancreatic cancer cells were injected into the spleens of mice, leading to spontaneous liver metastasis. Tumor metastasis was enhanced in vascular endothelial cell-specific RAMP2 knockout mice (DI-E-RAMP2-/-). By contrast, metastasis was suppressed in RAMP3-/- mice, where the number of podoplanin (PDPN)-positive cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) was reduced in the periphery of tumors at metastatic sites. Because PDPN-positive CAFs are a hallmark of tumor malignancy, we assessed the regulation of PDPN and found that Src/Cas/PDPN signaling is mediated by RAMP3. In fact, RAMP3 deficiency CAFs suppressed migration, proliferation, and metastasis in co-cultures with tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, the activation of RAMP2 in RAMP3-/- mice suppressed both tumor growth and metastasis. Based on these results, we suggest that the upregulation of PDPN in DI-E-RAMP2-/- mice increases malignancy, while the downregulation of PDPN in RAMP3-/- mice reduces it. Selective activation of RAMP2 and inhibition of RAMP3 would therefore be expected to suppress tumor metastasis. This study provides the first evidence that understanding and targeting to AM-RAMP systems could contribute to the development of novel therapeutics against metastasis.
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Angenendt L, Bormann E, Pabst C, Alla V, Görlich D, Braun L, Dohlich K, Schwöppe C, Bohlander SK, Arteaga MF, Wethmar K, Hartmann W, Angenendt A, Kessler T, Mesters RM, Stelljes M, Rothenberg-Thurley M, Spiekermann K, Hébert J, Sauvageau G, Valk PJM, Löwenberg B, Serve H, Müller-Tidow C, Lenz G, Wörmann BJ, Sauerland MC, Hiddemann W, Berdel WE, Krug U, Metzeler KH, Mikesch JH, Herold T, Schliemann C. The neuropeptide receptor calcitonin receptor-like (CALCRL) is a potential therapeutic target in acute myeloid leukemia. Leukemia 2019; 33:2830-2841. [PMID: 31182782 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-019-0505-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Calcitonin receptor-like (CALCRL) is a G-protein-coupled neuropeptide receptor involved in the regulation of blood pressure, angiogenesis, cell proliferation, and apoptosis, and is currently emerging as a novel target for the treatment of migraine. This study characterizes the role of CALCRL in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We analyzed CALCRL expression in collectively more than 1500 well-characterized AML patients from five international cohorts (AMLCG, HOVON, TCGA, Leucegene, and UKM) and evaluated associations with survival. In the AMLCG analytic cohort, increasing transcript levels of CALCRL were associated with decreasing complete remission rates (71.5%, 53.7%, 49.6% for low, intermediate, high CALCRL expression), 5-year overall (43.1%, 26.2%, 7.1%), and event-free survival (29.9%, 15.8%, 4.7%) (all P < 0.001). CALCRL levels remained associated with all endpoints on multivariable regression analyses. The prognostic impact was confirmed in all validation sets. Genes highly expressed in CALCRLhigh AML were significantly enriched in leukemic stem cell signatures and CALCRL levels were positively linked to the engraftment capacity of primary patient samples in immunocompromised mice. CRISPR-Cas9-mediated knockout of CALCRL significantly impaired colony formation in human myeloid leukemia cell lines. Overall, our study demonstrates that CALCRL predicts outcome beyond existing risk factors and is a potential therapeutic target in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linus Angenendt
- Department of Medicine A, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany.
| | - Eike Bormann
- Institute of Biostatistics and Clinical Research, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Caroline Pabst
- Department of Medicine V, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vijay Alla
- Department of Medicine A, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Dennis Görlich
- Institute of Biostatistics and Clinical Research, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Leonie Braun
- Department of Medicine A, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Kim Dohlich
- Department of Medicine A, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Stefan K Bohlander
- Leukaemia & Blood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Klaus Wethmar
- Department of Medicine A, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Hartmann
- Gerhard-Domagk-Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Adrian Angenendt
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Torsten Kessler
- Department of Medicine A, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Rolf M Mesters
- Department of Medicine A, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Matthias Stelljes
- Department of Medicine A, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Karsten Spiekermann
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Grosshadern, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Josée Hébert
- The Leucegene Project at Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Division of Hematology-Oncology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Quebec Leukemia Cell Bank, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Guy Sauvageau
- The Leucegene Project at Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Division of Hematology-Oncology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Quebec Leukemia Cell Bank, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Peter J M Valk
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bob Löwenberg
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hubert Serve
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Georg Lenz
- Department of Medicine A, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Bernhard J Wörmann
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Charité University Medicine, Campus Virchow, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Christina Sauerland
- Institute of Biostatistics and Clinical Research, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Hiddemann
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Grosshadern, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang E Berdel
- Department of Medicine A, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Utz Krug
- Department of Medicine 3, Klinikum Leverkusen, Leverkusen, Germany
| | - Klaus H Metzeler
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Grosshadern, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Tobias Herold
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Grosshadern, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany. .,Research Unit Apoptosis in Hematopoietic Stem Cells, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Center for Environmental Health (HMGU), Munich, Germany.
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23
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Chang CL, Hsu SYT. Development of chimeric and bifunctional antagonists for CLR/RAMP receptors. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216996. [PMID: 31150417 PMCID: PMC6544337 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
CGRP, adrenomedullin (ADM), and adrenomedullin 2 (ADM2) family peptides are
important neuropeptides and hormones for the regulation of neurotransmission,
vasotone, cardiovascular morphogenesis, vascular integrity, and feto‒placental
development. These peptides signal through CLR/RAMP1, 2 and 3 receptor
complexes. CLR/RAMP1, or CGRP receptor, antagonists have been developed for the
treatment of migraine headache and osteoarthritis pain; whereas CLR/RAMP2, or
ADM receptor, antagonists are being developed for the treatment of tumor
growth/metastasis. Based on the finding that an acylated chimeric ADM/ADM2
analog potently stimulates CLR/RAMP1 and 2 signaling, we hypothesized that the
binding domain of this analog could have potent inhibitory activity on CLR/RAMP
receptors. Consistent with this hypothesis, we showed that acylated truncated
ADM/ADM2 analogs of 27–31 residues exhibit potent antagonistic activity toward
CLR/RAMP1 and 2. On the other hand, nonacylated analogs have minimal activity.
Further truncation at the junctional region of these chimeric analogs led to the
generation of CLR/RAMP1-selective antagonists. A 17-amino-acid analog
(Antagonist 2–4) showed 100-fold selectivity for CLR/RAMP1 and was >100-fold
more potent than the classic CGRP receptor antagonist CGRP8-37. In addition, we
showed (1) a lysine residue in the Antagonist 2–4 is important for enhancing the
antagonistic activity, (2) an analog consisted of an ADM sequence motif and a
12-amino-acid binding domain of CGRP exhibits potent CLR/RAMP1-inhibitory
activity, and (3) a chimeric analog consisted of a somatostatin analog and an
ADM antagonist exhibits dual activities on somatostatin and CLR/RAMP receptors.
Because the blockage of CLR/RAMP signaling prevents migraine pain and suppresses
tumor growth/metastasis, further studies of these analogs, which presumably have
better access to the tumor microenvironment and nerve endings at the trigeminal
ganglion and synovial joints as compared to antibody-based therapies, may lead
to the development of better anti-CGRP therapy and alternative antiangiogenesis
therapy. Likewise, the use of bifunctional somatostatin-ADM antagonist analogs
could be a promising strategy for the treatment of high-grade neuroendocrine
tumors by targeting an antiangiogenesis agent to the neuroendocrine tumor
microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia Lin Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital
Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan,
Taiwan
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24
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Yao L, Wang Y, Ma W, Han X, He X, Dai X. Downregulation of Adrenomedullin Leads to the Inhibition of the Tumorigenesis via VEGF Pathway in Human and Nude Mice Osteosarcoma Models. Arch Med Res 2019; 50:47-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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25
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Fang A, Zhou S, Su X, Liu C, Chen X, Wan Y, Lei X, Xie L, Jia Y, Wang W, Yang L, Song X, Yao Y. RAMP3 is a prognostic indicator of liver cancer and might reduce the adverse effect of TP53 mutation on survival. Future Oncol 2018; 14:2615-2625. [PMID: 29882679 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2018-0296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To assess the prognostic value of RAMP3 expression in terms of overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. MATERIALS & METHODS Immunochemistry staining was performed to detect RAMP3 expression. Data in the Cancer Genome Atlas-Liver Hepatocellular Cancer were used for secondary analysis. RESULTS RAMP3 expression was significantly downregulated in HCC tissues than in normal liver tissues. Increased RAMP3 expression was an independent prognostic factor of favorable OS (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.772, 95% CI: 0.689-0.864; p < 0.001) and RFS (HR = 0.719, 95% CI: 0.633-0.817; p < 0.001). High RAMP3 expression was associated with significantly better RFS in both TP53 mutant and wildtype groups. CONCLUSION High RAMP3 RNA expression is an independent prognostic factor of favorable OS and RFS in patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiping Fang
- Research Center for Public Health & Preventive Medicine, West China School of Public Health & Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center/No.4 West China Teaching Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China.,Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Shijie Zhou
- Research Center for Public Health & Preventive Medicine, West China School of Public Health & Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center/No.4 West China Teaching Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China.,Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China.,Guangdong Zhongsheng Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, PR China
| | - Xiaolan Su
- Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Chuang Liu
- Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Xiaoxin Chen
- Guangdong Zhongsheng Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, PR China
| | - Yang Wan
- Research Center for Public Health & Preventive Medicine, West China School of Public Health & Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center/No.4 West China Teaching Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Xiaohong Lei
- Research Center for Public Health & Preventive Medicine, West China School of Public Health & Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center/No.4 West China Teaching Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Linshen Xie
- Research Center for Public Health & Preventive Medicine, West China School of Public Health & Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center/No.4 West China Teaching Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Yiping Jia
- Research Center for Public Health & Preventive Medicine, West China School of Public Health & Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center/No.4 West China Teaching Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Wenzhi Wang
- Research Center for Public Health & Preventive Medicine, West China School of Public Health & Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center/No.4 West China Teaching Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Luo Yang
- Research Center for Public Health & Preventive Medicine, West China School of Public Health & Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center/No.4 West China Teaching Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Xuejiao Song
- Research Center for Public Health & Preventive Medicine, West China School of Public Health & Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center/No.4 West China Teaching Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Yuqin Yao
- Research Center for Public Health & Preventive Medicine, West China School of Public Health & Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center/No.4 West China Teaching Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China.,Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China.,Guangdong Zhongsheng Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, PR China
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26
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Radiosensitization by the investigational NEDD8-activating enzyme inhibitor MLN4924 (pevonedistat) in hormone-resistant prostate cancer cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:38380-38391. [PMID: 27224919 PMCID: PMC5122397 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Salvage radiotherapy (SRT) is the first-line treatment for prostate cancer patients with biochemical recurrence following radical prostatectomy, and new specific radiosensitizers are in urgent need to enhance SRT effect. MLN4924 (also known as Pevonedistat), a specific inhibitor of NEDD8-activating enzyme, has recently entered phase I/II clinical trials in several malignancies. By inhibiting cullin neddylation, MLN4924 inactivates Cullin-RING ligases (CRL), which have been validated as an attractive radiosensitizing target. In our study, we demonstrate that MLN4924 can be used as a potent radiosensitizer in hormone-resistant prostate cancer cells. We found that MLN4924 inhibited cullin neddylation and sensitized prostate cancer cells to irradiation (IR). Mechanistically, MLN4924 enhanced IR-induced G2 cell-cycle arrest, by inducing accumulation of WEE1/p21/p27, three well-known CRL substrates. Importantly, siRNA knockdown of WEE1/p21/p27 partially abrogated MLN4924-induced G2 cell-cycle arrest, indicating a causal role of WEE1/p21/p27 in MLN4924-induced radiosensitization. Further mechanistic studies revealed that induction of DNA damage and apoptosis also contributed to MLN4924 radiosensitization in hormone-resistant prostate cancer cells. Our findings lay the foundation for future application of MLN4924 as a potential radiosensitizer in hormone refractory prostate cancer (HRPC).
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27
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Benyahia Z, Dussault N, Cayol M, Sigaud R, Berenguer-Daizé C, Delfino C, Tounsi A, Garcia S, Martin PM, Mabrouk K, Ouafik L. Stromal fibroblasts present in breast carcinomas promote tumor growth and angiogenesis through adrenomedullin secretion. Oncotarget 2017; 8:15744-15762. [PMID: 28178651 PMCID: PMC5362520 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor- or cancer-associated fibroblasts (TAFs or CAFs) are active players in tumorigenesis and exhibit distinct angiogenic and tumorigenic properties. Adrenomedullin (AM), a multifunctional peptide plays an important role in angiogenesis and tumor growth through its receptors calcitonin receptor-like receptor/receptor activity modifying protein-2 and -3 (CLR/RAMP2 and CLR/RAMP3). We show that AM and AM receptors mRNAs are highly expressed in CAFs prepared from invasive breast carcinoma when compared to normal fibroblasts. Immunostaining demonstrates the presence of immunoreactive AM and AM receptors in the CAFs (n = 9). The proliferation of CAFs is decreased by anti-AM antibody (αAM) and anti-AM receptors antibody (αAMR) treatment, suggesting that AM may function as a potent autocrine/paracrine growth factor. Systemic administration of αAMR reduced neovascularization of in vivo Matrigel plugs containing CAFs as demonstrated by reduced numbers of the vessel structures, suggesting that AM is one of the CAFs-derived factors responsible for endothelial cell-like and pericytes recruitment to built a neovascularization. We show that MCF-7 admixed with CAFs generated tumors of greater volume significantly different from the MCF-7 xenografts in nude mice due in part to the induced angiogenesis. αAMR and AM22-52 therapies significantly suppressed the growth of CAFs/MCF-7 tumors. Histological examination of tumors treated with AM22-52 and aAMR showed evidence of disruption of tumor vasculature with depletion of vascular endothelial cells, induced apoptosis and decrease of tumor cell proliferation. Our findings highlight the importance of CAFs-derived AM pathway in growth of breast carcinoma and in neovascularization by supplying and amplifying signals that are essential for pathologic angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohra Benyahia
- Aix Marseille University, The Institut National pour la Recherche Médicale, Centre de Recherche en Oncologie et Oncopharmacologie, UMR 911, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Nadège Dussault
- Aix Marseille University, The Institut National pour la Recherche Médicale, Centre de Recherche en Oncologie et Oncopharmacologie, UMR 911, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Mylène Cayol
- Aix Marseille University, The Institut National pour la Recherche Médicale, Centre de Recherche en Oncologie et Oncopharmacologie, UMR 911, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Romain Sigaud
- Aix Marseille University, The Institut National pour la Recherche Médicale, Centre de Recherche en Oncologie et Oncopharmacologie, UMR 911, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Caroline Berenguer-Daizé
- Aix Marseille University, The Institut National pour la Recherche Médicale, Centre de Recherche en Oncologie et Oncopharmacologie, UMR 911, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Christine Delfino
- Aix Marseille University, The Institut National pour la Recherche Médicale, Centre de Recherche en Oncologie et Oncopharmacologie, UMR 911, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Asma Tounsi
- Aix Marseille University, The Institut National pour la Recherche Médicale, Centre de Recherche en Oncologie et Oncopharmacologie, UMR 911, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Stéphane Garcia
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Laboratoire d'Anatomie Pathologique, 13015, Marseille, France
| | - Pierre-Marie Martin
- Aix Marseille University, The Institut National pour la Recherche Médicale, Centre de Recherche en Oncologie et Oncopharmacologie, UMR 911, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Kamel Mabrouk
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, ICR, UMR 7273 CROPS, 13397, Marseille, France
| | - L'Houcine Ouafik
- Aix Marseille University, The Institut National pour la Recherche Médicale, Centre de Recherche en Oncologie et Oncopharmacologie, UMR 911, 13005, Marseille, France.,Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Service de Transfert d'Oncologie Biologique, 13015, Marseille, France
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28
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Lin CY, Wang SW, Chen YL, Chou WY, Lin TY, Chen WC, Yang CY, Liu SC, Hsieh CC, Fong YC, Wang PC, Tang CH. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor promotes VEGF-C-dependent lymphangiogenesis by suppressing miR-624-3p in human chondrosarcoma cells. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2964. [PMID: 28771226 PMCID: PMC5596545 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Chondrosarcoma is the second most common primary malignancy of bone, and one of the most difficult bone tumors to diagnose and treat. It is well known that increased levels of vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C) promote active tumor lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic tumor spread to regional lymph nodes. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is known to promote metastasis in human chondrosarcoma cells. Knowing more about the mechanism of BDNF in VEGF-C expression and lymphangiogenesis in human chondrosarcoma would improve our understanding as how to prevent chondrosarcoma angiogenesis and metastasis, which currently lacks effective adjuvant treatment. Here, we found that BDNF expression was at least 2.5-fold higher in the highly migratory JJ012(S10) cell line as compared with the primordial cell line (JJ012). In addition, VEGF-C expression and secretion was markedly increased in JJ012(S10) cells. Conditioned medium from JJ012(S10) cells significantly promoted migration and tube formation of human lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs), whereas knockdown of BDNF attenuated LEC migration and tube formation by suppressing VEGF-C production in JJ012(S10) cells. Mechanistic investigations indicated that BDNF facilitated VEGF-C-dependent lymphangiogenesis through the MEK/ERK/mTOR signaling pathway. We also showed that microRNA (miR)-624-3p expression was negatively regulated by BDNF via the MEK/ERK/mTOR cascade. Importantly, BDNF knockdown profoundly inhibited tumor-associated lymphangiogenesis in vivo. Further analyses identified that BDNF promoted tumor lymphangiogenesis by downregulating miR-624-3p in human chondrosarcoma tissues. In conclusion, this study is the first to reveal the mechanism underlying BDNF-induced lymphangiogenesis. We suggest that BDNF may serve as a promising therapeutic target for the restriction of VEGF-C-mediated tumor lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Yang Lin
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Wei Wang
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ling Chen
- Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yi Chou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Medical Center, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yi Lin
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Cheng Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yu Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chia Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chu Hsieh
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chin Fong
- Department of Sports Medicine, College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Yun-Lin County, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chuan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hsinchu MacKay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu City, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Tang
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This study is to highlight recent discoveries associated with the role of calcitonin peptide family and their receptors in prostate cancer progression and bone metastasis. RECENT FINDINGS Studies have linked adrenomedullin (AM), calcitonin (CT) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) to the spread of prostate tumours to the bone. AM can induce a metastatic phenotype in prostate cancer cells through its action on TRPV2 calcium channels and is also capable of influencing localised levels of RANKL in the bone to favour tumourigenesis. CT utilises A-kinase anchoring proteins to indirectly act on PKA and promote metastasis in prostate cancer. The receptor for CT contains a PDZ-binding domain, the deletion of which stops metastasis to the bone in orthotopic prostate models. SUMMARY Recent findings show strong evidence for the role of calcitonin peptides and receptors in prostate cancer and bone metastasis. Further research could provide potential prognostic markers and therapeutic targets for prostate cancer patients.
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30
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Schönauer R, Els-Heindl S, Beck-Sickinger AG. Adrenomedullin - new perspectives of a potent peptide hormone. J Pept Sci 2017; 23:472-485. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.2953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ria Schönauer
- Faculty of Biosciences, Pharmacy and Psychology, Institute of Biochemistry; Leipzig University; Brüderstraße 34 04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - Sylvia Els-Heindl
- Faculty of Biosciences, Pharmacy and Psychology, Institute of Biochemistry; Leipzig University; Brüderstraße 34 04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - Annette G. Beck-Sickinger
- Faculty of Biosciences, Pharmacy and Psychology, Institute of Biochemistry; Leipzig University; Brüderstraße 34 04103 Leipzig Germany
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31
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Greillier L, Tounsi A, Berenguer-Daizé C, Dussault N, Delfino C, Benyahia Z, Cayol M, Mabrouk K, Garcia S, Martin PM, Barlesi F, Ouafik L. Functional Analysis of the Adrenomedullin Pathway in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma. J Thorac Oncol 2016; 11:94-107. [PMID: 26762744 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) grows aggressively within the thoracic cavity and has a very low cure rate, thus highlighting the need for identification of new therapeutic targets. Adrenomedullin (AM) is a multifunctional peptide that is highly expressed in several tumors and plays an important role in angiogenesis and tumor growth after binding to its receptors, calcitonin receptor-like receptor/receptor activity-modifying protein 2 (CLR/RAMP2) and calcitonin receptor-like receptor/receptor activity-modifying protein 3 (CLR/RAMP3). METHODS Real time quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to assess the steady-state levels of AM, CLR, RAMP2 and RAMP3 messenger RNA (mRNA) transcripts in normal pleural tissue (n=5) and MPM (n=24). The expression of these candidates at protein level was revealed by immunohistochemistry. We also characterized the expression and regulation by hypoxia of AM system in MPM cell lines and MeT-5A cells. In vitro and in vivo studies were performed to determine the functional role of AM system in MPM. RESULTS In this study, real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction showed twofold to 10-fold higher levels of AM messenger RNA in MPM tissue than in normal pleural tissue. The MPM cell lines H2452, H2052, and human mesothelioma cell line MSTO-211H showed a significant increase in expression of AM messenger RNA under hypoxic conditions. Our results also show that AM stimulates cell proliferation in vitro through the Raf1 proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase (CRAF)/ Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 (MEK)/Extracellular regulated MAPKinase (ERK) pathway. Furthermore, the proliferation, migration, and invasion of MPM cells were decreased after treatment with anti-AM (αAM) and anti-AM receptor antibodies, thus indicating that MPM cells are regulated by AM. The action of AM was specific and mediated by CLR/RAMP2 and CLR/RAMP3 receptors. In vivo, αAM and AM22-52 antagonist therapies blocked angiogenesis and induced apoptosis in MSTO-211H xenografts, thereby resulting in tumor regression. Histologic examination of tumors treated with AM22-52 and αAM antibody showed evidence of disruption of tumor vasculature with depletion of vascular endothelial cells and a significant decrease in lymphatic endothelial cells. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight the importance of the AM pathway in growth of MPM and in neovascularization by supplying and amplifying signals that are essential for pathologic neoangiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis.
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MESH Headings
- Adrenomedullin/genetics
- Adrenomedullin/metabolism
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Blotting, Western
- Calcitonin Receptor-Like Protein/genetics
- Calcitonin Receptor-Like Protein/metabolism
- Cell Movement
- Cell Proliferation
- Flow Cytometry
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Immunoenzyme Techniques
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Mesothelioma/genetics
- Mesothelioma/metabolism
- Mesothelioma/pathology
- Mesothelioma, Malignant
- Mice
- Mice, Nude
- Neovascularization, Pathologic
- Pleural Neoplasms/genetics
- Pleural Neoplasms/metabolism
- Pleural Neoplasms/pathology
- Proto-Oncogene Mas
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Receptor Activity-Modifying Protein 2/genetics
- Receptor Activity-Modifying Protein 2/metabolism
- Receptor Activity-Modifying Protein 3/genetics
- Receptor Activity-Modifying Protein 3/metabolism
- Receptors, Adrenomedullin/genetics
- Receptors, Adrenomedullin/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Greillier
- Aix-Marseille University, CRO2 UMR 911, Marseille, France; INSERM, CRO2 UMR 911, Marseille, France; Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Marseille, Service d'Oncologie Multidisciplinaire et Innovations Thérapeutiques, Marseille, France.
| | - Asma Tounsi
- Aix-Marseille University, CRO2 UMR 911, Marseille, France; INSERM, CRO2 UMR 911, Marseille, France
| | - Caroline Berenguer-Daizé
- Aix-Marseille University, CRO2 UMR 911, Marseille, France; INSERM, CRO2 UMR 911, Marseille, France
| | - Nadège Dussault
- Aix-Marseille University, CRO2 UMR 911, Marseille, France; INSERM, CRO2 UMR 911, Marseille, France
| | - Christine Delfino
- Aix-Marseille University, CRO2 UMR 911, Marseille, France; INSERM, CRO2 UMR 911, Marseille, France
| | - Zohra Benyahia
- Aix-Marseille University, CRO2 UMR 911, Marseille, France; INSERM, CRO2 UMR 911, Marseille, France
| | - Mylène Cayol
- Aix-Marseille University, CRO2 UMR 911, Marseille, France; INSERM, CRO2 UMR 911, Marseille, France
| | - Kamel Mabrouk
- Aix-Marseille University, LCP UMR 6264, CROPS, Marseille, France
| | - Stéphane Garcia
- Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Marseille, Service d'Anatomie et de Cytologie Pathologiques, Marseille, France
| | - Pierre-Marie Martin
- Aix-Marseille University, CRO2 UMR 911, Marseille, France; INSERM, CRO2 UMR 911, Marseille, France; Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Marseille, Service de Transfert d'Oncologie Biologique, Marseille, France
| | - Fabrice Barlesi
- Aix-Marseille University, CRO2 UMR 911, Marseille, France; INSERM, CRO2 UMR 911, Marseille, France; Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Marseille, Service d'Oncologie Multidisciplinaire et Innovations Thérapeutiques, Marseille, France
| | - L'Houcine Ouafik
- Aix-Marseille University, CRO2 UMR 911, Marseille, France; INSERM, CRO2 UMR 911, Marseille, France; Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Marseille, Service de Transfert d'Oncologie Biologique, Marseille, France
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Ochoa-Callejero L, Pozo-Rodrigálvarez A, Martínez-Murillo R, Martínez A. Lack of adrenomedullin in mouse endothelial cells results in defective angiogenesis, enhanced vascular permeability, less metastasis, and more brain damage. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33495. [PMID: 27640364 PMCID: PMC5027589 DOI: 10.1038/srep33495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Adrenomedullin (AM) is a vasodilating peptide involved in the regulation of circulatory homeostasis and in the pathophysiology of certain cardiovascular diseases. AM plays critical roles in blood vessels, including regulation of vascular stability and permeability. To elucidate the autocrine/paracrine function of AM in endothelial cells (EC) in vivo, a conditional knockout of AM in EC (AM(EC-KO)) was used. The amount of vascularization of the matrigel implants was lower in AM(EC-KO) mice indicating a defective angiogenesis. Moreover, ablation of AM in EC revealed increased vascular permeability in comparison with wild type (WT) littermates. In addition, AM(EC-KO) lungs exhibited significantly less tumor growth than littermate WT mice using a syngeneic model of metastasis. Furthermore, following middle cerebral artery permanent occlusion, there was a significant infarct size decrease in animals lacking endothelial AM when compared to their WT counterparts. AM is an important regulator of EC function, angiogenesis, tumorigenesis, and brain response to ischemia. Studies of AM should bring novel approaches to the treatment of vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ochoa-Callejero
- Oncology Area, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), C/Piqueras 98, 26006-Logroño. Spain
| | - Andrea Pozo-Rodrigálvarez
- Neurovascular Research Group, Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Neurobiology, Cajal Institute, Av. Doctor Arce 37, 28002-Madrid. Spain
| | - Ricardo Martínez-Murillo
- Neurovascular Research Group, Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Neurobiology, Cajal Institute, Av. Doctor Arce 37, 28002-Madrid. Spain
| | - Alfredo Martínez
- Oncology Area, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), C/Piqueras 98, 26006-Logroño. Spain
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Khalfaoui-Bendriss G, Dussault N, Fernandez-Sauze S, Berenguer-Daizé C, Sigaud R, Delfino C, Cayol M, Metellus P, Chinot O, Mabrouk K, Martin PM, Ouafik L. Adrenomedullin blockade induces regression of tumor neovessels through interference with vascular endothelial-cadherin signalling. Oncotarget 2016; 6:7536-53. [PMID: 25924235 PMCID: PMC4480698 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular and molecular mechanisms by which adrenomedullin (AM) blockade suppresses tumor neovessels are not well defined. Herein, we show that AM blockade using anti-AM and anti-AM receptors antibodies targets vascular endothelial cells (ECs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), and induces regression of unstable nascent tumor neovessels. The underlying mechanism involved, and shown in vitro and in vivo in mice, is the disruption of the molecular engagement of the endothelial cell-specific junctional molecules vascular endothelial-cadherin (VE-cadherin)/β-catenin complex. AM blockade increases endothelial cell permeability by inhibiting cell-cell contacts predominantly through disruption of VE-cadherin/β-catenin/Akt signalling pathway, thereby leading to vascular collapse and regression of tumor neovessels. At a molecular level, we show that AM blockade induces tyrosine phosphorylation of VE-cadherin at a critical tyrosine, Tyr731, which is sufficient to prevent the binding of β-catenin to the cytoplasmic tail of VE-cadherin leading to the inhibition of cell barrier function. Furthermore, we demonstrate activation of Src kinase by phosphorylation on Tyr416, supporting a role of Src to phosphorylate Tyr731-VE-cadherin. In this model, Src inhibition impairs αAM and αAMR-induced Tyr731-VE-cadherin phosphorylation in a dose-dependent manner, indicating that Tyr731-VE-cadherin phosphorylation state is dependent on Src activation. We found that AM blockade induces β-catenin phosphorylation on Ser33/Ser37/Thr41 sites in both ECs and VSMCs both in vitro and in vivo in mice. These data suggest that AM blockade selectively induces regression of unstable tumor neovessels, through disruption of VE-cadherin signalling. Targeting AM system may present a novel therapeutic target to selectively disrupt assembly and induce regression of nascent tumor neovessels, without affecting normal stabilized vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghizlane Khalfaoui-Bendriss
- Aix Marseille Université, CRO2, UMR_S 911, Faculté de Médecine, Marseille, France.,Inserm, U911-CRO2, Marseille, France
| | - Nadège Dussault
- Aix Marseille Université, CRO2, UMR_S 911, Faculté de Médecine, Marseille, France.,Inserm, U911-CRO2, Marseille, France
| | - Samantha Fernandez-Sauze
- Aix Marseille Université, CRO2, UMR_S 911, Faculté de Médecine, Marseille, France.,Inserm, U911-CRO2, Marseille, France
| | - Caroline Berenguer-Daizé
- Aix Marseille Université, CRO2, UMR_S 911, Faculté de Médecine, Marseille, France.,Inserm, U911-CRO2, Marseille, France
| | - Romain Sigaud
- Aix Marseille Université, CRO2, UMR_S 911, Faculté de Médecine, Marseille, France.,Inserm, U911-CRO2, Marseille, France
| | - Christine Delfino
- Aix Marseille Université, CRO2, UMR_S 911, Faculté de Médecine, Marseille, France.,Inserm, U911-CRO2, Marseille, France
| | - Mylène Cayol
- Aix Marseille Université, CRO2, UMR_S 911, Faculté de Médecine, Marseille, France.,Inserm, U911-CRO2, Marseille, France
| | - Philippe Metellus
- Aix Marseille Université, CRO2, UMR_S 911, Faculté de Médecine, Marseille, France.,Inserm, U911-CRO2, Marseille, France
| | - Olivier Chinot
- Aix Marseille Université, CRO2, UMR_S 911, Faculté de Médecine, Marseille, France.,Inserm, U911-CRO2, Marseille, France
| | - Kamel Mabrouk
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, UMR 7273, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire (ICR) Marseille, France
| | - Pierre-Marie Martin
- Aix Marseille Université, CRO2, UMR_S 911, Faculté de Médecine, Marseille, France.,Inserm, U911-CRO2, Marseille, France.,AP-HM, CHU Nord, Service de Transfert d'Oncologie Biologique, Marseille, France
| | - L'Houcine Ouafik
- Aix Marseille Université, CRO2, UMR_S 911, Faculté de Médecine, Marseille, France.,Inserm, U911-CRO2, Marseille, France.,AP-HM, CHU Nord, Service de Transfert d'Oncologie Biologique, Marseille, France
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Di Liddo R, Bridi D, Gottardi M, De Angeli S, Grandi C, Tasso A, Bertalot T, Martinelli G, Gherlinzoni F, Conconi MT. Adrenomedullin in the growth modulation and differentiation of acute myeloid leukemia cells. Int J Oncol 2016; 48:1659-69. [PMID: 26847772 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Adrenomedullin (ADM) is a regulatory peptide endowed with multiple biological effects, including the regulation of blood pressure, cell growth and innate host defence. In the present study, we demonstrated that ADM signaling could be involved in the impaired cellular differentiation of myeloid leukemia cells to mature granulocytes or monocytes by modulating RAMPs/CRLR expression, PI3K/Akt cascade and the ERK/MAPK signaling pathway. When exogenously administered to in vitro cultures of HL60 promyelocytic leukemia cells, ADM was shown to exert a strong proliferative effect with minimal upregulation in the expression level of monocyte antigen CD14. Notably, the experimental inhibition of ADM signaling with inhibitor ADM22-52 promoted a differentiative stimulation towards monocytic and granulocytic lineages. Moreover, based on the expression of CD31 relative to CD38, we hypothesized that an excess of ADM in bone marrow (BM) niche could increase the transendothelial migration of leukemia cells while any inhibitory event of ADM activity could raise cell retention in hyaluronate matrix by upregulating CD38. Taken into consideration the above evidence, we concluded that ADM and ADM22-52 could differently affect the growth of leukemia cells by autocrine/paracrine mechanisms and may have clinical relevance as biological targets for the intervention of tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Di Liddo
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Deborah Bridi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Sergio De Angeli
- Treviso Cord Blood Bank and Hematopoietic Cell Culture Laboratory, Transfusional Center, General Hospital, Treviso, Italy
| | - Claudio Grandi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Alessia Tasso
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Thomas Bertalot
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giovanni Martinelli
- Institute of Haematology 'L. and A. Seràgnoli', Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, 'S. Orsola-Malpighi' University Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Maria Teresa Conconi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Su JB. Vascular endothelial dysfunction and pharmacological treatment. World J Cardiol 2015; 7:719-741. [PMID: 26635921 PMCID: PMC4660468 DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v7.i11.719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The endothelium exerts multiple actions involving regulation of vascular permeability and tone, coagulation and fibrinolysis, inflammatory and immunological reactions and cell growth. Alterations of one or more such actions may cause vascular endothelial dysfunction. Different risk factors such as hypercholesterolemia, homocystinemia, hyperglycemia, hypertension, smoking, inflammation, and aging contribute to the development of endothelial dysfunction. Mechanisms underlying endothelial dysfunction are multiple, including impaired endothelium-derived vasodilators, enhanced endothelium-derived vasoconstrictors, over production of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species, activation of inflammatory and immune reactions, and imbalance of coagulation and fibrinolysis. Endothelial dysfunction occurs in many cardiovascular diseases, which involves different mechanisms, depending on specific risk factors affecting the disease. Among these mechanisms, a reduction in nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability plays a central role in the development of endothelial dysfunction because NO exerts diverse physiological actions, including vasodilation, anti-inflammation, antiplatelet, antiproliferation and antimigration. Experimental and clinical studies have demonstrated that a variety of currently used or investigational drugs, such as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin AT1 receptors blockers, angiotensin-(1-7), antioxidants, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, endothelial NO synthase enhancers, phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors, sphingosine-1-phosphate and statins, exert endothelial protective effects. Due to the difference in mechanisms of action, these drugs need to be used according to specific mechanisms underlying endothelial dysfunction of the disease.
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36
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Joshi G, Singh PK, Negi A, Rana A, Singh S, Kumar R. Growth factors mediated cell signalling in prostate cancer progression: Implications in discovery of anti-prostate cancer agents. Chem Biol Interact 2015; 240:120-33. [PMID: 26297992 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2015.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality amongst world's population, in which prostate cancer is one of the most encountered malignancies among men. Globally, it is the sixth leading cause of cancer-related death in men. Prostate cancer is more prevalent in the developed world and is increasing at alarming rates in the developing countries. Prostate cancer is mostly a very sluggish progressing disease, caused by the overproduction of steroidal hormones like dihydrotestosterone or due to over-expression of enzymes such as 5-α-reductase. Various studies have revealed that growth factors play a crucial role in the progression of prostate cancer as they act either by directly elevating the level of steroidal hormones or upregulating enzyme efficacy by the active feedback mechanism. Presently, treatment options for prostate cancer include radiotherapy, surgery and chemotherapy. If treatment is done with prevailing traditional chemotherapy; it leads to resistance and development of androgen-independent prostate cancer that further complicates the situation with no cure option left. The current review article is an attempt to cover and establish an understanding of some major signalling pathways intervened through survival factors (IGF-1R), growth factors (TGF-α, EGF), Wnt, Hedgehog, interleukin, cytokinins and death factor receptor which are frequently dysregulated in prostate cancer. This will enable the researchers to design and develop better therapeutic strategies targeting growth factors and their cross talks mediated prostate cancer cell signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Joshi
- Laboratory for Drug Design and Synthesis, Centre for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151001, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar Singh
- Laboratory for Drug Design and Synthesis, Centre for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151001, India
| | - Arvind Negi
- Laboratory for Drug Design and Synthesis, Centre for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151001, India
| | - Anil Rana
- Laboratory for Drug Design and Synthesis, Centre for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151001, India
| | - Sandeep Singh
- Centre for Genetic Diseases and Molecular Medicine, School of Emerging Life Science Technologies, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151001, India
| | - Raj Kumar
- Laboratory for Drug Design and Synthesis, Centre for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151001, India.
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Klein KR, Caron KM. Adrenomedullin in lymphangiogenesis: from development to disease. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:3115-26. [PMID: 25953627 PMCID: PMC11113374 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-1921-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, we have begun to appreciate that the lymphatic vascular system does more than simply return plasma back into the circulatory system and, in fact, contributes to a wide variety of normal and disease states. For this reason, much research has been devoted to understanding how lymphatic vessels form and function, with a particular interest in which molecules contribute to lymphatic vessel growth and maintenance. In the following review, we focus on a potent lymphangiogenic factor, adrenomedullin, and its known roles in lymphangiogenesis, lymphatic function, and human lymphatic disease. As one of the first, pharmacologically tractable G protein-coupled receptor pathways characterized in lymphatic endothelial cells, the continued study of adrenomedullin effects on the lymphatic system may open new avenues for the modulation of lymphatic growth and function in a variety of lymphatic-related diseases that currently have few treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klara R. Klein
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB # 7545, 6312B MBRB, 111 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - Kathleen M. Caron
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB # 7545, 6312B MBRB, 111 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
- Department of Genetics, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
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38
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Kato J, Kitamura K. Bench-to-bedside pharmacology of adrenomedullin. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 764:140-148. [PMID: 26144371 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.06.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The bioactive peptide adrenomedullin (AM) exerts pleiotropic actions in various organs and tissues. In the heart, AM has an inhibitory effect on ventricular remodeling, suppressing cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and the proliferation of cardiac fibroblasts. This pharmacological property was shown not only in rat models of acute myocardial infarction, but also clinically in patients with this cardiac disease. An originally characterized feature of AM was a potent vasodilatory effect, but this peptide was found to be important for vascular integrity and angiogenesis. AM-induced angiogenesis is involved in tumor growth, while AM inhibits apoptosis of some types of tumor cell. A unique pharmacological property is anti-inflammatory activity, which has been characterized in sepsis and inflammatory bowel diseases; thus, there is an ongoing clinical trial to test the efficacy of AM for patients with intractable ulcerative colitis. These activities are assumed to be mediated via the specific receptor formed by calcitonin receptor-like receptor and receptor activity-modifying protein 2 or 3, while some questions remain to be answered about the molecular mechanisms of this signal transduction system. Taking these findings together, AM is a bioactive peptide with pleiotropic effects, with potential as a therapeutic tool for a wide range of human diseases from myocardial infarction to malignant tumors or inflammatory bowel diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johji Kato
- Frontier Science Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan.
| | - Kazuo Kitamura
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
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Larráyoz IM, Martínez-Herrero S, García-Sanmartín J, Ochoa-Callejero L, Martínez A. Adrenomedullin and tumour microenvironment. J Transl Med 2014; 12:339. [PMID: 25475159 PMCID: PMC4272513 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-014-0339-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Adrenomedullin (AM) is a regulatory peptide whose involvement in tumour progression is becoming more relevant with recent studies. AM is produced and secreted by the tumour cells but also by numerous stromal cells including macrophages, mast cells, endothelial cells, and vascular smooth muscle cells. Most cancer patients present high levels of circulating AM and in some cases these higher levels correlate with a worst prognosis. In some cases it has been shown that the high AM levels return to normal following surgical removal of the tumour, thus indicating the tumour as the source of this excessive production of AM. Expression of this peptide is a good investment for the tumour cell since AM acts as an autocrine/paracrine growth factor, prevents apoptosis-mediated cell death, increases tumour cell motility and metastasis, induces angiogenesis, and blocks immunosurveillance by inhibiting the immune system. In addition, AM expression gets rapidly activated by hypoxia through a HIF-1α mediated mechanism, thus characterizing AM as a major survival factor for tumour cells. Accordingly, a number of studies have shown that inhibition of this peptide or its receptors results in a significant reduction in tumour progression. In conclusion, AM is a great target for drug development and new drugs interfering with this system are being developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio M Larráyoz
- Oncology Area, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja CIBIR, C/Piqueras 98, Logroño, 26006, Spain.
| | - Sonia Martínez-Herrero
- Oncology Area, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja CIBIR, C/Piqueras 98, Logroño, 26006, Spain.
| | - Josune García-Sanmartín
- Oncology Area, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja CIBIR, C/Piqueras 98, Logroño, 26006, Spain.
| | - Laura Ochoa-Callejero
- Oncology Area, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja CIBIR, C/Piqueras 98, Logroño, 26006, Spain.
| | - Alfredo Martínez
- Oncology Area, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja CIBIR, C/Piqueras 98, Logroño, 26006, Spain.
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Courel M, El Yamani FZ, Alexandre D, El Fatemi H, Delestre C, Montero-Hadjadje M, Tazi F, Amarti A, Magoul R, Chartrel N, Anouar Y. Secretogranin II is overexpressed in advanced prostate cancer and promotes the neuroendocrine differentiation of prostate cancer cells. Eur J Cancer 2014; 50:3039-49. [PMID: 25307750 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2014.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Revised: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM In prostate cancer (PCa), neuroendocrine differentiation (NED) is commonly observed in relapsing, hormone therapy-resistant tumours after androgen deprivation. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in the NED of PCa cells remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the expression of the neuroendocrine secretory protein secretogranin II (SgII) in PCa, and its potential involvement in the progression of this cancer as a granulogenic factor promoting NED. METHODS We have examined SgII immunoreactivity in 25 benign prostate hyperplasia and 32 PCa biopsies. In vitro experiments were performed to investigate the involvement of SgII in the neuroendocrine differentiation and the proliferation of PCa cell lines. RESULTS We showed that immunoreactive SgII intensity correlates with tumour grade in PCa patients. Using the androgen-dependent lymph node cancer prostate cells (LNCaP) cells, we found that NED triggered by androgen deprivation is associated with the induction of SgII expression. In addition, forced expression of SgII in LNCaP cells implemented a regulated secretory pathway by triggering the formation of secretory granule-like structures competent for hormone storage and regulated release. Finally, we found that SgII promotes prostate cancer (CaP) cell proliferation. CONCLUSION The present data show that SgII is highly expressed in advanced PCa and may contribute to the neuroendocrine differentiation by promoting the formation of secretory granules and the proliferation of PCa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maïté Courel
- INSERM U982, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, University of Rouen, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France; Normandy University, Normandy, France
| | - Fatima-Zohra El Yamani
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology and Nutritional and Climatic Environment, Faculty of Sciences Dhar-El Mahraz, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, 30000 Fez, Morocco
| | - David Alexandre
- INSERM U982, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, University of Rouen, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France; Normandy University, Normandy, France
| | - Hinde El Fatemi
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Hassan II, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, 30000 Fez, Morocco
| | - Charlène Delestre
- INSERM U982, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, University of Rouen, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France; Normandy University, Normandy, France
| | - Maité Montero-Hadjadje
- INSERM U982, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, University of Rouen, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France; Normandy University, Normandy, France
| | - Fadl Tazi
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Hassan II, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, 30000 Fez, Morocco
| | - Afaf Amarti
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Hassan II, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, 30000 Fez, Morocco
| | - Rabia Magoul
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology and Nutritional and Climatic Environment, Faculty of Sciences Dhar-El Mahraz, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, 30000 Fez, Morocco
| | - Nicolas Chartrel
- INSERM U982, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, University of Rouen, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France; Normandy University, Normandy, France
| | - Youssef Anouar
- INSERM U982, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, University of Rouen, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France; Normandy University, Normandy, France.
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