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Cuevas AG, Mann FD, Krueger RF. Discrimination Exposure and Polygenic Risk for Obesity in Adulthood: Testing Gene-Environment Correlations and Interactions. Lifestyle Genom 2023; 16:90-97. [PMID: 36750036 PMCID: PMC11078300 DOI: 10.1159/000529527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Exposure to discrimination has emerged as a risk factor for obesity. It remains unclear, however, whether the genotype of the individual can modulate the sensitivity or response to discrimination exposure (gene × environment interaction) or increase the likelihood of experiencing discrimination (gene-environment correlation). METHODS This was an observational study of 4,102 white/European Americans in the Health and Retirement Study with self-reported, biological assessments, and genotyped data from 2006 to 2014. Discrimination was operationalized using the average of nine Everyday Discrimination Scale items. Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) for body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) were calculated using the weighted sum of risk alleles based on studies conducted by the Genetic Investigation of Anthropometric Traits (GIANT) consortium. RESULTS We found that greater PRS-BMI was significantly associated with more reports of discrimination (β = 0.04 ± 0.02; p = 0.037). Further analysis showed that measured BMI partially mediated the association between PRS-BMI and discrimination. There was no evidence that the association between discrimination and BMI, or the association between discrimination and WC, differed by PRS-BMI or PRS-WC, respectively. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that individuals with genetic liability for obesity may experience greater discrimination in their lifetime, consistent with a gene-environment correlation hypothesis. There was no evidence of a gene-environment interaction. More genome-wide association studies in diverse populations are needed to improve generalizability of study findings. In the meantime, prevention and clinical intervention efforts that seek to reduce exposure to all forms of discrimination may help reduce obesity at the population level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adolfo G. Cuevas
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences Department, School of Global Public Health, New York University
| | - Frank D. Mann
- Department of Family, Population, and Preventative Medicine, Program in Public Health, Stony Brook University
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Fradera U, Hammer C. Moderate wine consumption and cancer risk in context. BIO WEB OF CONFERENCES 2023. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20235604002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
There is no doubt that excessive consumption of alcoholic beverages and binge drinking patterns increase the risk for cancer and many other diseases. Regarding the safety of light to moderate consumption of wine/alcoholic beverages, however, mixed messages exist. For decades, the potential health benefits of moderate wine consumption have been consistently shown, in particular for reducing cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. On the other hand, some population studies suggested that there is no safe limit of alcohol and ANY consumption is harmful to health, because of an increased cancer risk. Cancer is a multifactorial disease and it is increasingly accepted that certain lifestyle choices can affect the risk of developing cancer. Individuals do not drink only wine/alcoholic beverages, they eat different foods and have particular lifestyle habits. Besides several unmodifiable risk factors (age, sex, ethnicity and genetic disposition), improving lifestyle habits may contribute to reduce the risk of cancer. According to the World Health Organisation (WHO) and the World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF), one third of the cancers could be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle (such as avoiding smoking, maintaining a normal body weight, being physically active, avoiding excessive consumption of alcoholic beverages and keeping a healthy dietary pattern). Furthermore, the Mediterranean Diet is considered as one of the healthiest in the world by the WHO and is directly associated with a lower rate of mortality thanks to its effects on disease prevention. However, moderate consumption of wine is an important component of that diet. So recommendations for a healthy lifestyle which include a healthy, balanced diet and avoidance of any alcoholic beverage may be confusing. Can moderate wine drinkers still enjoy a glass of wine with the meal without jeopardizing their health? A detailed analysis of the scientific evidence will be provided and the risk of moderate wine consumption within the context of lifestyle will be examined.
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Blackman E, Ashing K, Gibbs D, Kuo YM, Andrews A, Ramakodi M, Devarajan K, Bucci J, Jean-Louis G, Richards-Waritay O, Wilson B, Bowen C, Edi E, Tolbert V, Noumbissi R, Cabral DN, Oliver J, Roberts R, Tulloch-Reid M, Ragin C. The Cancer Prevention Project of Philadelphia: preliminary findings examining diversity among the African diaspora. ETHNICITY & HEALTH 2021; 26:659-675. [PMID: 30453751 PMCID: PMC6526085 DOI: 10.1080/13557858.2018.1548695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Cancer mortality inequity among persons of African Ancestry is remarkable. Yet, Black inclusion in cancer biology research is sorely lacking and warrants urgent attention. Epidemiologic research linking African Ancestry and the African Diaspora to disease susceptibility and outcomes is critical for understanding the significant and troubling health disparities among Blacks. Therefore, in a cohort of diverse Blacks, this study examined differences in genetic ancestry informative markers (AIMs) in the DNA repair pathway and the cancer related biomarker 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL).Methods: Participants completed a questionnaire and provided bio-specimens. AIMs in or around DNA repair pathway genes were analyzed to assess differences in minor allele frequency (MAF) across the 3 ethnic subgroups. NNAL concentration in urine was measured among current smokers.Results: To date the cohort includes 852 participants, 88.3% being Black. Of the 752 Blacks, 51.3% were US-born, 27.8% were Caribbean-born, and 19.6% were Africa-born. Current and former smokers represented 14.9% and 10.0%, respectively. US-born Blacks were more likely to be smokers and poor metabolizers of NNAL. Two-way hierarchical clustering revealed MAF of AIMs differed across the 3 ethnic subgroups.Conclusion: Our findings are consistent with the emerging literature demonstrating Black heterogeneity underscoring African Ancestry genetic subgroup differences - specifically relevant to cancer. Further investigations, with data harmonization and sharing, are urgently needed to begin to map African Ancestry cancer biomarkers as well as race, and race by place\region comparative biomarkers to inform cancer prevention and treatment in the era of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Blackman
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center-Temple Health, Philadelphia, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Temple University, Philadelphia, USA
- African-Caribbean Cancer Consortium, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Kimlin Ashing
- Center of Community Alliance for Research & Education, Division of Health Equity, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, USA
| | - Denise Gibbs
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center-Temple Health, Philadelphia, USA
- African-Caribbean Cancer Consortium, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Yin-Ming Kuo
- Cancer Epigenetics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center-Temple Health, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Andrew Andrews
- Cancer Epigenetics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center-Temple Health, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Meganathan Ramakodi
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center-Temple Health, Philadelphia, USA
- African-Caribbean Cancer Consortium, Philadelphia, USA
- Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Karthik Devarajan
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Facility, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Jackie Bucci
- Nutrition Program, City University of New York at Hunter College, New York, USA
- Temple University and Hunter College Cancer Health Disparity Research Institute Cancer Research Training Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, USA
| | | | | | - Barbara Wilson
- Caribbean Festival & Cultural Organization of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Carlene Bowen
- Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Eric Edi
- The Coalition of African Communities (AFRICOM), Philadelphia, USA
| | - Vera Tolbert
- The Coalition of African Communities (AFRICOM), Philadelphia, USA
| | | | - Daramola N. Cabral
- African-Caribbean Cancer Consortium, Philadelphia, USA
- Department of Science, Math, and Technology, SUNY Empire State College, Brooklyn, USA
| | - JoAnn Oliver
- African-Caribbean Cancer Consortium, Philadelphia, USA
- Capstone College of Nursing, Tuscaloosa, USA
| | - Robin Roberts
- African-Caribbean Cancer Consortium, Philadelphia, USA
- School of Clinical Medicine & Research, University of the West Indies, Nassau, Bahamas
- Princess Margaret Hospital, Nassau, Bahamas
| | - Marshall Tulloch-Reid
- African-Caribbean Cancer Consortium, Philadelphia, USA
- Caribbean Institute for Health Research, University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Camille Ragin
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center-Temple Health, Philadelphia, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Temple University, Philadelphia, USA
- African-Caribbean Cancer Consortium, Philadelphia, USA
- Nutrition Program, City University of New York at Hunter College, New York, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA
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Nga NT, Phuong DT, Cuc NT, Phuong TH, Huong PTM, Cuong NX, Huu Tai B, Van Kiem P, Thao DT. Nanoliposomal Cercodemasoide A and Its Improved Activities Against NTERA-2 Cancer Stem Cells. Nat Prod Commun 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x20982108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, saponins derived from marine sources have received much attention because of their promising bioactivities, such as anticancer, anti-angiogenesis, and anti-inflammation. In particular, a triterpene saponin from the sea cucumber Cercodemas anceps Selenka, cercodemasoide A (CAN1), showed potent cytotoxicity against various cancer cell lines. Recent evidence has indicated that cancer stem cells (CSCs) could be a novel target for efficient cancer therapies. In order to improve the biopharmaceutical properties of CAN1, the compound was loaded into nanoliposomes as an ideal drug carrier. CAN1 was successfully incorporated into nanoliposomes as small unilamellar liposome vesicles with an average size of 73.39 ± 1.57 nm, zeta potential of −0.299 ± 0.046 mV, polydispersity index of 0.336 ± 0.038, and with an encapsulation efficiency of up to 62.9%. For the first time, CAN1 and its nanoliposomal forms have been shown to have a promising cytotoxic activity against NTERA-2 CSCs, with half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) =1.03 ± 0.04 and 0.41 ± 0.03 µM, respectively. The CAN1 nanoliposomes also presented significantly improved activities in suppressing the growth of NTERA-2 3-dimensional tumorspheres (IC50 = 1.71 ± 0.06 µM) in comparison with the free form ( P < .05). The anti-CSC effects of CAN1 nanoliposomes on NTERA-2 cells were due to their apoptotic induction through enhancing caspase-3 activity (more than 2-fold) and arresting the cell cycle at the S phase ( P < .05). The obtained CAN1-encapsulated nanoliposomes suggest valuable applications in CSC-targeting treatment for more efficient clinical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Thi Nga
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Do Thi Phuong
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thi Cuc
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Trieu Ha Phuong
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Pham Thi Mai Huong
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Xuan Cuong
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry VAST, Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Bui Huu Tai
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry VAST, Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Phan Van Kiem
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry VAST, Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Do Thi Thao
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology VAST, Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Magura J, Moodley R, Mackraj I. The effect of hesperidin and luteolin isolated from Eriocephalus africanus on apoptosis, cell cycle and miRNA expression in MCF-7. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 40:1791-1800. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1833757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Judie Magura
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu–Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Roshila Moodley
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu–Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Irene Mackraj
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu–Natal, Durban, South Africa
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Abstract
Alcohol consumption has long been a part of human culture. However, alcohol consumption levels and alcohol consumption patterns are associated with chronic diseases. Overall, light and moderate alcohol consumption (up to 14 g per day for women and up to 28 g per day for men) may be associated with reduced mortality risk, mainly due to reduced risks for cardiovascular disease and type-2 diabetes. However, chronic heavy alcohol consumption and alcohol abuse lead to alcohol-use disorder, which results in physical and mental diseases such as liver disease, pancreatitis, dementia, and various types of cancer. Risk factors for alcohol-use disorder are largely unknown. Alcohol-use disorder and frequent heavy drinking have detrimental effects on personal health.
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Cuevas AG, Ortiz K, Ransome Y. The moderating role of race/ethnicity and nativity in the relationship between perceived discrimination and overweight and obesity: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:1458. [PMID: 31694587 PMCID: PMC6833296 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7811-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The overweight/obesity epidemic is a public health issue in the United States (US), that disproportionately affect certain racial/ethnic minority groups. Perceived discrimination has been implicated as a health risk factor. However, research on race/ethnicity, perceived discrimination, and obesity has been mixed. Researchers suggest that perceptions of discrimination may be dependent upon nativity status. This study evaluated the role that nativity status and race/ethnicity play in the relationship between perceived discrimination and overweight/obesity. METHODS We used Wave 2 of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (2004-2005) [N = 33,319]). Multinomial logistic regression assessed a three-way interaction (perceived discrimination × race/ethnicity × nativity) on overweight and obesity, adjusting for sociodemographic factors and health-related behaviors. RESULTS The three-way interaction was significant for overweight [F (17, 49) = 3.35; p < 0.001] and obesity [F (17, 49) = 5.05; p < 0.001]. Among US-born individuals, US-born non-Hispanic Blacks had a decreased risk of being obese compared to US-born non-Hispanic Whites at mean levels of perceived discrimination [aRRR = 0.71; 95% CI (0.51-0.98); p = 0.04). Among foreign-born individuals, foreign-born South Americans had an increased risk of being overweight at mean levels of perceived discrimination compared to foreign-born non-Hispanic Whites [aRRR = 8.07; 95% CI (1.68-38.77); p = 0.01], whereas foreign-born Dominicans had a decreased risk of being obese compared to foreign-born non-Hispanic Whites [aRRR = 0.05; 95% CI (0.01-0.20); p < 0.001]. CONCLUSION Perceived racial discrimination is a risk factor for overweight/obesity for certain groups. Race/ethnicity and nativity may play important roles in the relationship between perceived discrimination and overweight/obesity. Future research is needed to identify the behavioral and psychological pathways that link perceived discrimination and overweight/obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adolfo G Cuevas
- Department of Community Health, Tufts University, 574 Boston Ave, Suite 208, Medford, MA, 02155, USA.
| | - Kasim Ortiz
- Department of Sociology & Criminology, University of New Mexico, MSC05 3080, 1915 Roma NE Ste. 1103, Albuquerque, NM, 8713, USA
| | - Yusuf Ransome
- Department of Social & Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, 60 College Street, LEPH Building, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Tean Teh
- National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore.
- SingHealth Duke-NUS Global Health Institute, Singapore, Singapore.
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Tollosa DN, Tavener M, Hure A, James EL. Adherence to multiple health behaviours in cancer survivors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Cancer Surviv 2019; 13:327-343. [PMID: 30993648 DOI: 10.1007/s11764-019-00754-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Multiple health behaviours (not smoking, minimal alcohol consumption, and maintaining a healthy weight by having a healthy diet and regular physical activity) improve quality of life and longevity of cancer survivors. Despite international guidelines, there are no existing reviews that synthesise cancer survivors' adherence to healthy lifestyle recommendations. METHOD Five databases (Embase, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Google Scholar) were searched for relevant articles published from 2007 until January 2018. Studies reporting adult cancer survivors' adherence to at least two lifestyle behaviours (body mass index, physical activity, smoking, fruit and vegetable intake, fiber intake, red meat intake, caloric intake, sodium intake, and alcohol consumption) based on the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) recommendations were included in the review. The pooled prevalence of adherence to single and multiple behaviours was calculated using a random-effects model. Subgroup analysis (mean years of survival and publication year) was undertaken. RESULTS A total of 3322 articles were identified. Of these, 51 studies matched the inclusion criteria, presenting data from 2,620,586 adult cancer survivors. Adherence to single behaviours, which was estimated from studies that assessed at least two health behaviours, was highest for not smoking (PE 87%; 95% CI, 85%, 88%) and low or no alcohol intake (PE 83%; 95% CI, 81%, 86%), and lowest for fiber intake (PE 31%; 95% CI, 21%, 40%). Adherence to multiple healthy behaviours (13 studies), ranged from 7 to 40% (pooled estimate (PE) 23%; 95% CI, 17%, 30%). Recent survivors (< 5-year survival time) had relatively better adherence to multiple behaviours (PE 31%; 95% CI, 27%, 35%) than long-term (> 5 years) survivors (PE 25%; 95% CI, 14%, 36%). Adherence to multiple behaviours improved over time since 2007. CONCLUSION Adherence to physical activity, dietary, and multiple lifestyle behaviours recommendations was low amongst cancer survivors. Recent cancer survivors were relatively more adherent to WCRF/AICR recommendations compared to long-term survivors. IMPLICATIONS FOR CANCER SURVIVORS Health promotion programs help support healthy lifestyle behaviours of cancer survivors. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42018091663.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel N Tollosa
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia. .,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Newcastle, NSW, 2305, Australia. .,College of Health Sciences, Public Health Department, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia.
| | - Meredith Tavener
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Newcastle, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Alexis Hure
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Newcastle, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Erica L James
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Newcastle, NSW, 2305, Australia
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Data analysis algorithm for the development of extracellular miRNA-based diagnostic systems for prostate cancer. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215003. [PMID: 30970027 PMCID: PMC6457524 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Urine of prostate cancer (PCa) carries miRNAs originated from prostate cancer cells as a part of both nucleoprotein complexes and cell-secreted extracellular vesicles. The analysis of such miRNA-markers in urine can be a convenient option for PCa screening. The aims of this study were to reveal miRNA–markers of PCa in urine and design a robust and precise diagnostic test, based on miRNA expression analysis. The expression analysis of the 84 miRNAs in paired urine extracellular vesicles (EVs) and cell free urine supernatant samples from healthy donors, patients with benign and malignant prostate tumours was done using miRCURY LNA miRNA qPCR Panels (Exiqon, Denmark). Sets of miRNAs differentially expressed between the donor groups were found in urine EVs and urine supernatant. Diagnostically significant miRNAs were selected and algorithm of data analysis, based on expression data on 24-miRNA in urine and obtained using 17 analytical systems, was designed. The developed algorithm of data analysis describes a series of steps necessary to define cut-off values and sequentially analyze miRNA expression data according to the cut-offs to facilitate classification of subjects in case/control groups and allows to detect PCa patients with 97.5% accuracy.
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Zhang RK, Wang P, Lu YC, Lang L, Wang L, Lee SC. Cadmium induces cell centrosome amplification via reactive oxygen species as well as endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:18230-18248. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Kai Zhang
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences Shanxi University Taiyuan Shanxi People's Republic of China
| | - Pu Wang
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences Shanxi University Taiyuan Shanxi People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Cheng Lu
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences Shanxi University Taiyuan Shanxi People's Republic of China
| | - Lang Lang
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences Shanxi University Taiyuan Shanxi People's Republic of China
| | - Lan Wang
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences Shanxi University Taiyuan Shanxi People's Republic of China
| | - Shao Chin Lee
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences Shanxi University Taiyuan Shanxi People's Republic of China
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou Jiangsu People's Republic of China
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Fındık H, Tumkaya L, Yılmaz A, Gökhan Aslan M, Okutucu M, Akyildiz K, Mercantepe T. The protective effects of astaxanthin against cisplatin-induced retinal toxicity. Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2019; 38:59-65. [DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2018.1518330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hüseyin Fındık
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Levent Tumkaya
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Adnan Yılmaz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Gökhan Aslan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Murat Okutucu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Kerimali Akyildiz
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Health Care Services Vocational School Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Tolga Mercantepe
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
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Almodovar T, Teixeira E, Barroso A, Soares M, Queiroga H, Cavaco-Silva J, Barata F. Elderly patients with advanced NSCLC: The value of geriatric evaluation and the feasibility of CGA alternatives in predicting chemotherapy toxicity. Pulmonology 2019; 25:40-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pulmoe.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Norum J, Nieder C. Tobacco smoking and cessation and PD-L1 inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): a review of the literature. ESMO Open 2018; 3:e000406. [PMID: 30305940 PMCID: PMC6173248 DOI: 10.1136/esmoopen-2018-000406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) targeting immunotherapies, as pembrolizumab and nivolumab, have significantly improved outcome in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Tobacco smoking is the number one risk factor for lung cancer and is linked to 80%-90% of these cancers. Smoking during cancer therapy may influence on radiotherapy and chemotherapy outcome. We aimed to review the knowledge in immunotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS A systematic review was done. We searched for documents and articles published in English language and registered in Cochrane Library, National Health Service (NHS) Centre for Reviews and Dissemination (CRD), Embase or Medline. The search terms were (A) (Lung cancer or NSCLC) with (pembrolizumab or nivolumab) with PD-L1 with (tobacco or smoking) and (B) Lung Neoplasms and Immunotherapy and (smoking cessation or patient compliance). 68 papers were detected and two more were added during review process (references) and six based on information from the manufacturers. RESULTS Nine papers were selected. High PD-L1 expression (≥50%) was correlated with current/ever smoking history in three studies. Six studies revealed a higher overall response rate (ORR) among current/former smokers. The ORR was generally (six studies) better among the current/former smoker group. So also when tumours had a molecular 'smoking signature' (one study). This was probably due to a higher mutational burden. In two studies, minor or no difference was revealed.One study (KEYNOTE-024) compared former and current smokers, and documented pembrolizumab being more effective among former smokers than current smokers. CONCLUSIONS Tobacco smoking patients with NSCLC generally have a higher PD-L1 tumour proportion score and experience a better ORR of immunotherapy than no smokers. There is little evidence on the effect of smoking during immunotherapy, but one study (KEYNOTE-024) may indicate survival gains of smoking cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Norum
- Department of Surgery, Finnmark Hospital, Hammerfest, Norway
| | - Carsten Nieder
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, UiT – The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Kavatsurwa SM, Lombe BK, Feineis D, Dibwe DF, Maharaj V, Awale S, Bringmann G. Ancistroyafungines A-D, 5,8′- and 5,1′-coupled naphthylisoquinoline alkaloids from a Congolese Ancistrocladus species, with antiausterity activities against human PANC-1 pancreatic cancer cells. Fitoterapia 2018; 130:6-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2018.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Davidson NE, Armstrong SA, Coussens LM, Cruz-Correa MR, DeBerardinis RJ, Doroshow JH, Foti M, Hwu P, Kensler TW, Morrow M, Mulligan CG, Pao W, Platz EA, Smith TJ, Willman CL. AACR Cancer Progress Report 2016. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 22 Suppl 19:S1-S137. [PMID: 27697776 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-1993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Silva TA, Smuczek B, Valadão IC, Dzik LM, Iglesia RP, Cruz MC, Zelanis A, de Siqueira AS, Serrano SMT, Goldberg GS, Jaeger RG, Freitas VM. AHNAK enables mammary carcinoma cells to produce extracellular vesicles that increase neighboring fibroblast cell motility. Oncotarget 2018; 7:49998-50016. [PMID: 27374178 PMCID: PMC5226564 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles play important roles in tumor development. Many components of these structures, including microvesicles and exosomes, have been defined. However, mechanisms by which extracellular vesicles affect tumor progression are not fully understood. Here, we investigated vesicular communication between mammary carcinoma cells and neighboring nontransformed mammary fibroblasts. Nonbiased proteomic analysis found that over 1% of the entire proteome is represented in these vesicles, with the neuroblast differentiation associated protein AHNAK and annexin A2 being the most abundant. In particular, AHNAK was found to be the most prominent component of these vesicles based on peptide number, and appeared necessary for their formation. In addition, we report here that carcinoma cells produce vesicles that promote the migration of recipient fibroblasts. These data suggest that AHNAK enables mammary carcinoma cells to produce and release extracellular vesicles that cause disruption of the stroma by surrounding fibroblasts. This paradigm reveals fundamental mechanisms by which vesicular communication between carcinoma cells and stromal cells can promote cancer progression in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaiomara A Silva
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICB), University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Basílio Smuczek
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICB), University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Iuri C Valadão
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICB), University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciana M Dzik
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICB), University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rebeca P Iglesia
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICB), University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mário C Cruz
- Center of Facilities and Support Research, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICB), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - André Zelanis
- Department of Science and Technology, Institute of Science and Technology, Federal University of Sao Paulo (ICT-UNIFESP), Sao Jose dos Campos, Brazil.,Special Laboratory of Applied Toxinology, Center of Toxins, Immune-Response and Cell Signaling, Butantan Institute, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriane S de Siqueira
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICB), University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Solange M T Serrano
- Special Laboratory of Applied Toxinology, Center of Toxins, Immune-Response and Cell Signaling, Butantan Institute, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gary S Goldberg
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Osteopathic Medicine, Rowan University, Stratford, New Jersey, USA
| | - Ruy G Jaeger
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICB), University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vanessa M Freitas
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICB), University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Emenaker NJ, Vargas AJ. Nutrition and Cancer Research: Resources for the Nutrition and Dietetics Practitioner. J Acad Nutr Diet 2018; 118:550-554. [PMID: 29289548 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2017.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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19
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Qi Y, Hu X, Cui J, Chen J, Wu Q, Sun X, Shi Y. Combined use of insoluble β-glucan from the cell wall of Candida albicans and cyclophosphamide: Validation in S180 tumor-bearing mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 97:1366-1372. [PMID: 29156526 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cyclophosphamide (CTX) is a widely used antitumor drug that can suppress the immune system. The effects of regulating immune response and antitumor of β-glucan from the cell wall of Candida albicans (CAIBG) have been confirmed. However, the effects of the combined use of CAIBG and CTX remain unclear and warrant further investigation. METHODS S180 tumor-bearing models were developed for CAIBG (100 mg/10 mL/kg) and CTX (30 mg/10 mL/kg) intervention. The weights of the body, tumor spleen, and Thymus were recorded to calculate the index of the spleen and Thymus. The spleen and Thymus were observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining, whereas the expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1β was determined by Western blot. The survival times of mice were followed and recorded for analysis. RESULTS CAIBG, CTX, and combined use of CAIBG and CTX could down-regulate the tumor growth and prolong the survival time. The spleen and Thymus index significantly increased in the CAIBG + CTX group than in the CTX group, but it was lower than that in the CAIBG group. Moreover, the Thymus index was significantly lower in the CAIBG + CTX group than in the CAIBG group. The lymphocytes of the spleen and Thymus decreased significantly in the CTX group but improved significantly in the CAIBG and CAIBG + CTX groups. The expression level of TNF-α and IL-1β in the CTX+CAIBG group increased significantly compared with that in the CTX group. The survival time of the CAIBG group and CAIBG + CTX group was significantly higher than that of the CTX group. CONCLUSIONS CAIBG has strong treatment potential in combating tumor growth and prolonging survival time of S180 tumor-bearing mice. Combined use of CAIBG and CTX can compensate the CTX-induced immunosuppression and provide antitumor effects. Future studies are necessary to elucidate the underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Qi
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China; School of Medicine, Jinggangshan University, Ji An, China
| | - Xin Hu
- Ji An Central Hospital, Ji An, China
| | - Jin Cui
- Kun Ming Medical University, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Wu
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Sun
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Shi
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
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20
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Review of recent developments in determining volatile organic compounds in exhaled breath as biomarkers for lung cancer diagnosis. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 996:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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21
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Gupta L, Sharma AK, Gothwal A, Khan MS, Khinchi MP, Qayum A, Singh SK, Gupta U. Dendrimer encapsulated and conjugated delivery of berberine: A novel approach mitigating toxicity and improving in vivo pharmacokinetics. Int J Pharm 2017; 528:88-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.04.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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22
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Yuan H, Krawczyk E, Blancato J, Albanese C, Zhou D, Wang N, Paul S, Alkhilaiwi F, Palechor-Ceron N, Dakic A, Fang S, Choudhary S, Hou TW, Zheng YL, Haddad BR, Usuda Y, Hartmann D, Symer D, Gillison M, Agarwal S, Wangsa D, Ried T, Liu X, Schlegel R. HPV positive neuroendocrine cervical cancer cells are dependent on Myc but not E6/E7 viral oncogenes. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45617. [PMID: 28378747 PMCID: PMC5381214 DOI: 10.1038/srep45617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Using conditional cell reprogramming, we generated a stable cell culture of an extremely rare and aggressive neuroendocrine cervical cancer. The cultured cells contained HPV-16, formed colonies in soft agar and rapidly produced tumors in immunodeficient mice. The HPV-16 genome was integrated adjacent to the Myc gene, both of which were amplified 40-fold. Analysis of RNA transcripts detected fusion of the HPV/Myc genes, arising from apparent microhomologous recombination. Spectral karyotyping (SKY) and fluorescent-in-situ hybridization (FISH) demonstrated coordinate localization and translocation of the amplified Myc and HPV genes on chromosomes 8 and 21. Similar to the primary tumor, tumor cell cultures expressed very high levels of the Myc protein and, in contrast to all other HPV-positive cervical cancer cell lines, they harbored a gain-of-function mutation in p53 (R273C). Unexpectedly, viral oncogene knockdown had no effect on the growth of the cells, but it did inhibit the proliferation of a conventional HPV-16 positive cervical cancer cell line. Knockdown of Myc, but not the mutant p53, significantly inhibited tumor cell proliferation. On the basis of these data, we propose that the primary driver of transformation in this aggressive cervical cancer is not HPV oncogene expression but rather the overexpression of Myc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Yuan
- Department of Pathology, Georgetown University Medical School, Washington DC, 20057, USA
| | - Ewa Krawczyk
- Department of Pathology, Georgetown University Medical School, Washington DC, 20057, USA
| | - Jan Blancato
- Department of Pathology, Georgetown University Medical School, Washington DC, 20057, USA
| | - Christopher Albanese
- Department of Pathology, Georgetown University Medical School, Washington DC, 20057, USA.,Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical School, Washington DC, 20057, USA
| | - Dan Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Georgetown University Medical School, Washington DC, 20057, USA
| | - Naidong Wang
- Department of Pathology, Georgetown University Medical School, Washington DC, 20057, USA
| | - Siddartha Paul
- Department of Pathology, Georgetown University Medical School, Washington DC, 20057, USA
| | - Faris Alkhilaiwi
- Department of Pathology, Georgetown University Medical School, Washington DC, 20057, USA.,College of Pharmacy, King Abulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nancy Palechor-Ceron
- Department of Pathology, Georgetown University Medical School, Washington DC, 20057, USA
| | - Aleksandra Dakic
- Department of Pathology, Georgetown University Medical School, Washington DC, 20057, USA
| | - Shuang Fang
- Department of Pathology, Georgetown University Medical School, Washington DC, 20057, USA
| | - Sujata Choudhary
- Department of Pathology, Georgetown University Medical School, Washington DC, 20057, USA
| | - Tung-Wei Hou
- Department of Pathology, Georgetown University Medical School, Washington DC, 20057, USA
| | - Yun-Ling Zheng
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical School, Washington DC, 20057, USA
| | - Bassem R Haddad
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical School, Washington DC, 20057, USA
| | - Yukari Usuda
- Department of Pathology, Georgetown University Medical School, Washington DC, 20057, USA
| | - Dan Hartmann
- Department of Pathology, Georgetown University Medical School, Washington DC, 20057, USA
| | - David Symer
- Human Cancer Genetics Program and Dept. of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, USA
| | - Maura Gillison
- Dept. of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Seema Agarwal
- Department of Pathology, Georgetown University Medical School, Washington DC, 20057, USA
| | - Danny Wangsa
- Cancer Genomics Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Thomas Ried
- Cancer Genomics Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Xuefeng Liu
- Department of Pathology, Georgetown University Medical School, Washington DC, 20057, USA
| | - Richard Schlegel
- Department of Pathology, Georgetown University Medical School, Washington DC, 20057, USA
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23
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Vadalà M, Morales-Medina JC, Vallelunga A, Palmieri B, Laurino C, Iannitti T. Mechanisms and therapeutic effectiveness of pulsed electromagnetic field therapy in oncology. Cancer Med 2016; 5:3128-3139. [PMID: 27748048 PMCID: PMC5119968 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most common causes of death worldwide. Available treatments are associated with numerous side effects and only a low percentage of patients achieve complete remission. Therefore, there is a strong need for new therapeutic strategies. In this regard, pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) therapy presents several potential advantages including non-invasiveness, safety, lack of toxicity for non-cancerous cells, and the possibility of being combined with other available therapies. Indeed, PEMF stimulation has already been used in the context of various cancer types including skin, breast, prostate, hepatocellular, lung, ovarian, pancreatic, bladder, thyroid, and colon cancer in vitro and in vivo. At present, only limited application of PEMF in cancer has been documented in humans. In this article, we review the experimental and clinical evidence of PEMF therapy discussing future perspectives in its use in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vadalà
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical Specialties, Surgical Clinic, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Medical School, Modena, Italy
| | - Julio Cesar Morales-Medina
- Centro de Investigación en Reproducción Animal, CINVESTAV- Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | - Annamaria Vallelunga
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CEMAND), University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Beniamino Palmieri
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical Specialties, Surgical Clinic, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Medical School, Modena, Italy
| | - Carmen Laurino
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical Specialties, Surgical Clinic, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Medical School, Modena, Italy
| | - Tommaso Iannitti
- Department of Neuroscience, Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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Easley J, Miedema B, Carroll JC, O'Brien MA, Manca DP, Grunfeld E. Patients' experiences with continuity of cancer care in Canada: Results from the CanIMPACT study. CANADIAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN MEDECIN DE FAMILLE CANADIEN 2016; 62:821-827. [PMID: 27737982 PMCID: PMC5063773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore patient perspectives on and experiences with the coordination and continuity of cancer care. DESIGN Qualitative study using semistructured telephone interviews. SETTING Canada. PARTICIPANTS Thirty-eight breast and colorectal cancer survivors 1 to 4 years after diagnosis. METHODS Using a constructivist grounded theory approach, semistructured telephone interviews were conducted with the participants. The interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed verbatim, and proofread. Transcripts were reviewed to create a focused coding scheme that was used to develop categories for participants' experiences. MAIN FINDINGS Although this study focused on the continuity of cancer care, patients described their experiences with cancer care in general, concentrating predominantly on their relationships with individual health care providers (HCPs). Based on patients' experiences, several themes were identified as the core components of providing good continuity and well coordinated care. The most important overarching theme was communication, which overlapped with 4 other themes: patient-HCP relationships, the role of HCPs, lack of access to care, and timely and tailored information. CONCLUSION Patients believed that good communication between HCPs and patients was key to improving the overall continuity of cancer care. Continuity of care is an important theoretical concept in cancer care, but it is not easily recognized by patients. They perceive the cancer care continuum and continuity of care as cancer care in general, which is typically framed by the individual relationships with their HCPs. Future research and interventions need to focus on finding and testing ways to improve communication to enhance continuity of cancer care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Easley
- Research coordinator at the Dalhousie Family Medicine Teaching Unit in Fredericton, NB
| | - Baukje Miedema
- Professor and Director of Research at the Dalhousie Family Medicine Teaching Unit.
| | - June C Carroll
- Family physician in the Granovsky Gluskin Family Medicine Centre at Mount Sinai Hospital in Toronto, Ont, and Clinician Scientist and Associate Professor in the Department of Family and Community Medicine at the University of Toronto
| | - Mary Ann O'Brien
- Assistant Professor in the Department of Family and Community Medicine at the University of Toronto and Scientific Associate with the Knowledge Translation Research Network, Health Services Research Program, and Ontario Institute for Cancer Research
| | - Donna P Manca
- Clinical Director of the Alberta Family Practice Research Network, Director of the Northern Alberta Primary Care Research Network, and Director of Research in the Department of Family Medicine at the University of Alberta in Edmonton
| | - Eva Grunfeld
- Giblon Professor and Vice-Chair of Research in the Department of Family and Community Medicine at the University of Toronto and Director of Knowledge Translation Research in the Health Services Research Program at the Ontario Institute for Cancer Research
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25
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Systematic network assessment of the carcinogenic activities of cadmium. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 310:150-158. [PMID: 27634459 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium has been defined as type I carcinogen for humans, but the underlying mechanisms of its carcinogenic activity and its influence on protein-protein interactions in cells are not fully elucidated. The aim of the current study was to evaluate, systematically, the carcinogenic activity of cadmium with systems biology approaches. From a literature search of 209 studies that performed with cellular models, 208 proteins influenced by cadmium exposure were identified. All of these were assessed by Western blotting and were recognized as key nodes in network analyses. The protein-protein functional interaction networks were constructed with NetBox software and visualized with Cytoscape software. These cadmium-rewired genes were used to construct a scale-free, highly connected biological protein interaction network with 850 nodes and 8770 edges. Of the network, nine key modules were identified and 60 key signaling pathways, including the estrogen, RAS, PI3K-Akt, NF-κB, HIF-1α, Jak-STAT, and TGF-β signaling pathways, were significantly enriched. With breast cancer, colorectal and prostate cancer cellular models, we validated the key node genes in the network that had been previously reported or inferred form the network by Western blotting methods, including STAT3, JNK, p38, SMAD2/3, P65, AKT1, and HIF-1α. These results suggested the established network was robust and provided a systematic view of the carcinogenic activities of cadmium in human.
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26
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Yang Y, Ju Y, Jiang H, Sun X, Wu S, Zhang Z. Bis(pyridazine-5-olate-4-carboxylate)manganese hydrate: Synthesis, characterization, and in vitro antitumor activities. INORG NANO-MET CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/15533174.2016.1212237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- Changzhou Institute of Engineering, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yichun Ju
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huijun Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiuhua Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shanshan Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhenqin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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27
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Moreno FS, Heidor R, Pogribny IP. Nutritional Epigenetics and the Prevention of Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Bioactive Food Constituents. Nutr Cancer 2016; 68:719-33. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2016.1180410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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28
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Kocaay AF, Celik SU, Sevim Y, Ozyazici S, Cetinkaya OA, Alic KB. The role of fine needle aspiration cytology and core biopsy in the diagnosis of palpable breast masses. Niger Med J 2016; 57:77-80. [PMID: 27226679 PMCID: PMC4872495 DOI: 10.4103/0300-1652.182078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The modern approach to palpable breast masses is to get cytopathologic diagnosis before definitive surgery. We aimed to compare fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) with core biopsy in histopathologic diagnosis of palpable breast masses. Materials and Methods: Data were collected on 123 women who have suspicious palpable breast masses from 2007 to 2010. Results: Of the 123 patients, core biopsies were performed on 64 patients (Group 1) and FNAC on 59 patients (Group 2). Malignancy was confirmed in 25 out of 32 clinically suspicious patients in Group 1 (78.1%), and 20 out of 21 participants in Group 2 (95.2%). Among the clinically suspicious patients, 81.8% of 33 patients in Group 1, and 90.3% of 31 patients in Group 2 were identified malignancy. Sensitivity was 100% for core biopsy and 95% for FNAC. Specificity was 100% in both procedures. False negativity rate in FNAC were 5%. Conclusion: Sensitivity and specificity showed that in the case of true histopathologic classification, core biopsy is superior to FNAC. Nevertheless, FNAC's role as a fast, simple and cheap diagnosis cannot be ignored. It is an effective diagnostic tool in most patients, in comparison to the correct and specific typing of core biopsies in benign lesions which protect patients from the open biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akin Firat Kocaay
- Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Suleyman Utku Celik
- Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Sevim
- Department of General Surgery, Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sefa Ozyazici
- Department of General Surgery, Adana Numune Training and Research Hospital, Adana, Turkey
| | - Omer Arda Cetinkaya
- Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kamil Bulent Alic
- Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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Chen G, Liang Y, Guan X, Chen H, Liu Q, Lin B, Chen C, Huang M, Chen J, Wu W, Liang Y, Zhou K, Zeng J. Circulating low IL-23: IL-35 cytokine ratio promotes progression associated with poor prognosisin breast cancer. Am J Transl Res 2016; 8:2255-2264. [PMID: 27347332 PMCID: PMC4891437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The interleukin (IL)-12 family, composed of heterodimeric cytokines including IL-12 (formed by IL-12p35 and IL-12p40 subunits), IL-23 (formed by IL-23p19 and IL-12p40 subunits), IL-27 (formed by IL-27p28 and EBI3 subunits) and IL-35 (formed by IL-12p35 and EBI3 subunits), establishes a link between innate and adaptive immunity that involves different immune effector cells and cytokines to tumors. However, the role of IL-12 family in breast cancer (BC) progression and prognosis remains unclear. In the present study, we demonstrated evidence indicating that EBI3, IL-12p35 and IL-12p40 but not IL-23p19 or IL-27p28 were highly expressed in BC tissues, suggested that tumor derived EBI3, IL-12p35 and IL-12p40 were associated with tumor progression. Circulating IL-12 and IL-23 low expressed, but IL-27 and IL-35 high expressed in BC patients, especially circulating IL-23 associated with IL-35 to mediate BC tumor resection. Ki-67, p53 and EGFR expression on BC tissues, as well as CA125, CA153 and CA199 levels on BC bloods increased when circulating IL-23: IL-35 ratio decreased. Together, for the first time, our data suggest that circulating IL-23: IL-35 ratio may be an important indicator association with BC progression and prognosis. However, further research should be carried out to assess the implications of circulating IL-23: IL-35 ratio in a larger sample size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghui Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiaolan Hospital of Southern Medical UniversityZhongshan 528415, China
| | - Yanfang Liang
- Department of Pathology, Dongguan Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Jinan University, The Fifth People’s Hospital of DongguanDongguan 523808, China
| | - Xin Guan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Dongguan Scientific Research Center, Guangdong Medical UniversityDongguan 523808, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiaolan Hospital of Southern Medical UniversityZhongshan 528415, China
| | - Qiankun Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Dongguan Scientific Research Center, Guangdong Medical UniversityDongguan 523808, China
| | - Bihua Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Dongguan Scientific Research Center, Guangdong Medical UniversityDongguan 523808, China
| | - Can Chen
- Department of Pathology, Dongguan Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Jinan University, The Fifth People’s Hospital of DongguanDongguan 523808, China
| | - Mingyuan Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Dongguan Scientific Research Center, Guangdong Medical UniversityDongguan 523808, China
| | - Jianan Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiaolan Hospital of Southern Medical UniversityZhongshan 528415, China
| | - Weiquan Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Dongguan Scientific Research Center, Guangdong Medical UniversityDongguan 523808, China
| | - Yi Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Dongguan Scientific Research Center, Guangdong Medical UniversityDongguan 523808, China
| | - Keyuan Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Dongguan Scientific Research Center, Guangdong Medical UniversityDongguan 523808, China
| | - Jincheng Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Dongguan Scientific Research Center, Guangdong Medical UniversityDongguan 523808, China
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31
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Heidor R, de Conti A, Ortega JF, Furtado KS, Silva RC, Tavares PELM, Purgatto E, Ract JNR, de Paiva SAR, Gioielli LA, Pogribny IP, Moreno FS. The chemopreventive activity of butyrate-containing structured lipids in experimental rat hepatocarcinogenesis. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 60:420-9. [PMID: 26548572 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Emerging evidence indicates that the use of bioactive food components is a promising strategy to prevent the development of liver cancer. The goal of this study was to examine the chemopreventive effect of butyrate-containing structured lipids (STLs) produced by an enzymatic interesterification of tributyrin and flaxseed oil on rat hepatocarcinogenesis. METHODS AND RESULTS Male Wistar rats were subjected to a classic "resistant hepatocyte" model of liver carcinogenesis and treated with STLs, tributyrin or flaxseed oil during the initial phases of hepatocarcinogenesis. Treatment with STLs and tributyrin strongly inhibited the development of preneoplastic liver lesions. The chemopreventive activity of tributyrin was associated with the induction of apoptosis and reduction of the expression of major activated hepatocarcinogenesis-related oncogenes. Treatment with STLs caused substantially greater inhibitory effects than tributyrin on oncogene expression. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that the tumor-suppressing activity of butyrate-containing STLs is associated with its ability to prevent and inhibit activation of major hepatocarcinogenesis-related oncogenes. Enrichment of histone H3K9me3 and H3K27me3 at the promoter of Myc and Ccnd1 genes may be related to the inhibitory effect on oncogene expression in the livers of STL-treated rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Heidor
- Laboratory of Diet, Nutrition and Cancer, Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Advanced Research Center in Food Science and Nutrition (NAPAN), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil.,Food Research Center (FORC), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aline de Conti
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - Juliana F Ortega
- Laboratory of Diet, Nutrition and Cancer, Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kelly S Furtado
- Laboratory of Diet, Nutrition and Cancer, Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Advanced Research Center in Food Science and Nutrition (NAPAN), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roberta C Silva
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo E L M Tavares
- Laboratory of Diet, Nutrition and Cancer, Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Purgatto
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil.,Advanced Research Center in Food Science and Nutrition (NAPAN), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil.,Food Research Center (FORC), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana N R Ract
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sérgio A R de Paiva
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Botucatu, Brazil.,Food Research Center (FORC), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz A Gioielli
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Igor P Pogribny
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - Fernando S Moreno
- Laboratory of Diet, Nutrition and Cancer, Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Advanced Research Center in Food Science and Nutrition (NAPAN), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil.,Food Research Center (FORC), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil
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Park KM, Gerecht S. Polymeric hydrogels as artificial extracellular microenvironments for cancer research. Eur Polym J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2015.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Waechter R, Ma V. Sexual Violence in America: Public Funding and Social Priority. Am J Public Health 2015; 105:2430-7. [PMID: 26469639 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2015.302860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
We compared lifetime risk, annual incidence, and annual economic burden of sexual violence with other major public health issues in the United States: cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, and HIV/AIDS. With public funding data from 2013, we examined how much public funding is allocated to these public health issues as a proxy of the social priority of addressing each of them. Although sexual violence is as prevalent as and more costly than are these other major public health issues, it receives a fraction of the public funds that they receive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randall Waechter
- Randall Waechter is with the Schools of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine and the Windward Islands Research and Education Foundation, St. George's University, Grenada, West Indies. Van Ma is a student in the School of Medicine, St. George's University
| | - Van Ma
- Randall Waechter is with the Schools of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine and the Windward Islands Research and Education Foundation, St. George's University, Grenada, West Indies. Van Ma is a student in the School of Medicine, St. George's University
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Baselga J, Bhardwaj N, Cantley LC, DeMatteo R, DuBois RN, Foti M, Gapstur SM, Hahn WC, Helman LJ, Jensen RA, Paskett ED, Lawrence TS, Lutzker SG, Szabo E. AACR Cancer Progress Report 2015. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 21:S1-128. [PMID: 26429991 PMCID: PMC5001568 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-1846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Kunnimalaiyaan S, Gamblin TC, Kunnimalaiyaan M. Glycogen synthase kinase-3 inhibitor AR-A014418 suppresses pancreatic cancer cell growth via inhibition of GSK-3-mediated Notch1 expression. HPB (Oxford) 2015; 17:770-6. [PMID: 26147011 PMCID: PMC4557650 DOI: 10.1111/hpb.12442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) can act as either a tumour promoter or suppressor by its inactivation depending on the cell type. There are conflicting reports on the roles of GSK-3 isoforms and their interaction with Notch1 in pancreatic cancer. It was hypothesized that GSK-3α stabilized Notch1 in pancreatic cancer cells thereby promoting cellular proliferation. METHODS The pancreatic cancer cell lines MiaPaCa2, PANC-1 and BxPC-3, were treated with 0-20 μM of AR-A014418 (AR), a known GSK-3 inhibitor. Cell viability was determined by the MTT assay and Live-Cell Imaging. The levels of Notch pathway members (Notch1, HES-1, survivin and cyclinD1), phosphorylated GSK-3 isoforms, and apoptotic markers were determined by Western blot. Immunoprecipitation was performed to identify the binding of GSK-3 specific isoform to Notch1. RESULTS AR-A014418 treatment had a significant dose-dependent growth reduction (P < 0.001) in pancreatic cancer cells compared with the control and the cytotoxic effect is as a result of apoptosis. Importantly, a reduction in GSK-3 phosphorylation lead to a reduction in Notch pathway members. Overexpression of active Notch1 in AR-A014418-treated cells resulted in the negation of growth suppression. Immunoprecipitation analysis revealed that GSK-3α binds to Notch1. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates for the first time that the growth suppressive effect of AR-A014418 on pancreatic cancer cells is mainly mediated by a reduction in phosphorylation of GSK-3α with concomitant Notch1 reduction. GSK-3α appears to stabilize Notch1 by binding and may represent a target for therapeutic development. Furthermore, downregulation of GSK-3 and Notch1 may be a viable strategy for possible chemosensitization of pancreatic cancer cells to standard therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selvi Kunnimalaiyaan
- Division of Surgical Oncology and Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - T Clark Gamblin
- Division of Surgical Oncology and Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Muthusamy Kunnimalaiyaan
- Division of Surgical Oncology and Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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36
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Homan SG, Yun S, Stewart BR, Armer JM. Breast Cancer Survivorship Care: Targeting a Colorectal Cancer Education Intervention. J Pers Med 2015; 5:296-310. [PMID: 26258794 PMCID: PMC4600149 DOI: 10.3390/jpm5030296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer survivors are at risk of developing a second primary cancer. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading second primary cancers, and it is often preventable. We developed a multi-component educational tool to inform and encourage women breast cancer survivors to engage in CRC screening. To assess the strengths and weakness of the tool and to improve the relevancy to the target audience, we convened four focus groups of women breast cancer survivors in Missouri. We also assessed the potential impact of the tool on the knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs regarding CRC and collected information on the barriers to CRC screening through pre- and post-focus groups' questionnaires. A total of 43 women breast cancer survivors participated and provided very valuable suggestions on design and content to update the tool. Through the process and comparing pre- and post-focus group assessments, a significantly higher proportion of breast cancer survivors strongly agreed or agreed that CRC is preventable (78.6% vs. 96.9%, p = 0.02) and became aware that they were at a slightly increased risk for CRC (18.6% vs. 51.7%, p = 0.003). The most cited barrier was the complexity of preparation for colonoscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherri G Homan
- Public Health Epidemiologist, Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services, Division of Community and Public Health, Office of Epidemiology, 920 Wildwood Drive, Jefferson City, MO 65109, USA.
- Sinclair School of Nursing, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
| | - Shumei Yun
- Chronic Disease and Nutrition Epidemiology Team, Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services, Division of Community and Public Health, Office of Epidemiology, 920 Wildwood Drive, Jefferson City, MO 65109, USA.
- School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia, MO 65212, USA.
| | - Bob R Stewart
- Sinclair School of Nursing, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
- College of Education, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
| | - Jane M Armer
- Sinclair School of Nursing, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
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Bueno-de-Mesquita HB. Noncommunicable Diseases of Major Public Health Interest and Prevention. Asia Pac J Public Health 2015; 27:110S-115S. [PMID: 26155799 DOI: 10.1177/1010539515594445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs; mainly cancer, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and chronic respiratory diseases) are now responsible for more than 35 million deaths per annum in the world; more than 80% of these deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries. Dramatic worldwide changes in lifestyle and in the prevalence and incidence of major chronic diseases lends credence to the causative role of modifiable risk factors. For the elucidation of modifiable risk factors, large-scale prospective cohort studies with biobanks often combined in consortia are of paramount importance. Associations between selected risk factors and development of NCDs will be reviewed. In addition to the contribution of treatment, even larger proportions of NCDs can be prevented had risk factors been reduced to the optimum levels or eliminated. Individual-based approaches should be complemented by administrative regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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McElroy JA, Wintemberg JJ, Williams A. Comparison of Lesbian and Bisexual Women to Heterosexual Women's Screening Prevalence for Breast, Cervical, and Colorectal Cancer in Missouri. LGBT Health 2015; 2:188-92. [PMID: 26790126 DOI: 10.1089/lgbt.2014.0119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sexual minority women may be at higher risk of breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer compared to heterosexual women. In addition, sexual minority women may use preventive cancer-related screening services less than heterosexual women. Using a population-based probability sample of Missouri women, we compared cancer screening behavior of heterosexual (n=29,847), self-identified lesbian (n=114), and bisexual (n=162) women. Sexual minority women were significantly younger by approximately 10 years and comprised less than 1% of the sample. In this sample, sexual minority and heterosexual women did not differ in the proportion having ever obtained breast, cervical or colorectal cancer screenings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane A McElroy
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Missouri , Columbia, MO
| | - Jenna J Wintemberg
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Missouri , Columbia, MO
| | - Amy Williams
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Missouri , Columbia, MO
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Reddy SP, Natarajan V, Dudek AZ. MARCKS is marked in combating lung cancer growth and acquired resistance. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2015; 190:1084-6. [PMID: 25398105 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201410-1922ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sekhar P Reddy
- 1 Department of Pediatrics University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago, Illinois
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Kim J, Zaret KS. Reprogramming of human cancer cells to pluripotency for models of cancer progression. EMBO J 2015; 34:739-47. [PMID: 25712212 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201490736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to study live cells as they progress through the stages of cancer provides the opportunity to discover dynamic networks underlying pathology, markers of early stages, and ways to assess therapeutics. Genetically engineered animal models of cancer, where it is possible to study the consequences of temporal-specific induction of oncogenes or deletion of tumor suppressors, have yielded major insights into cancer progression. Yet differences exist between animal and human cancers, such as in markers of progression and response to therapeutics. Thus, there is a need for human cell models of cancer progression. Most human cell models of cancer are based on tumor cell lines and xenografts of primary tumor cells that resemble the advanced tumor state, from which the cells were derived, and thus do not recapitulate disease progression. Yet a subset of cancer types have been reprogrammed to pluripotency or near-pluripotency by blastocyst injection, by somatic cell nuclear transfer and by induced pluripotent stem cell (iPS) technology. The reprogrammed cancer cells show that pluripotency can transiently dominate over the cancer phenotype. Diverse studies show that reprogrammed cancer cells can, in some cases, exhibit early-stage phenotypes reflective of only partial expression of the cancer genome. In one case, reprogrammed human pancreatic cancer cells have been shown to recapitulate stages of cancer progression, from early to late stages, thus providing a model for studying pancreatic cancer development in human cells where previously such could only be discerned from mouse models. We discuss these findings, the challenges in developing such models and their current limitations, and ways that iPS reprogramming may be enhanced to develop human cell models of cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungsun Kim
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Regenerative Medicine Abramson Cancer Center Tumor Biology Program Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kenneth S Zaret
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Regenerative Medicine Abramson Cancer Center Tumor Biology Program Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Paddock S, Brum L, Sorrow K, Thomas S, Spence S, Maulbecker-Armstrong C, Goodman C, Peake M, McVie G, Geipel G, Li R. PACE Continuous Innovation Indicators-a novel tool to measure progress in cancer treatments. Ecancermedicalscience 2015; 9:498. [PMID: 25624879 PMCID: PMC4303618 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2015.498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Concerns about rising health care costs and the often incremental nature of improvements in health outcomes continue to fuel intense debates about 'progress' and 'value' in cancer research. In times of tightening fiscal constraints, it is increasingly important for patients and their representatives to define what constitutes 'value' to them. It is clear that diverse stakeholders have different priorities. Harmonisation of values may be neither possible nor desirable. Stakeholders lack tools to visualise or otherwise express these differences and to track progress in cancer treatments based on variable sets of values. The Patient Access to Cancer care Excellence (PACE) Continuous Innovation Indicators are novel, scientifically rigorous progress trackers that employ a three-step process to quantify progress in cancer treatments: 1) mine the literature to determine the strength of the evidence supporting each treatment; 2) allow users to weight the analysis according to their priorities and values; and 3) calculate Evidence Scores (E-Scores), a novel measure to track progress, based on the strength of the evidence weighted by the assigned value. We herein introduce a novel, flexible value model, show how the values from the model can be used to weight the evidence from the scientific literature to obtain E-Scores, and illustrate how assigning different values to new treatments influences the E-Scores. The Indicators allow users to learn how differing values lead to differing assessments of progress in cancer research and to check whether current incentives for innovation are aligned with their value model. By comparing E-Scores generated by this tool, users are able to visualise the relative pace of innovation across areas of cancer research and how stepwise innovation can contribute to substantial progress against cancer over time. Learning from experience and mapping current unmet needs will help to support a broad audience of stakeholders in their efforts to accelerate and maximise progress against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Paddock
- Rose Li and Associates, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland 20817, USA
| | - Lauren Brum
- Rose Li and Associates, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland 20817, USA
| | | | - Samuel Thomas
- Rose Li and Associates, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland 20817, USA
| | - Susan Spence
- Rose Li and Associates, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland 20817, USA
| | | | - Clifford Goodman
- Center for Comparative Effectiveness Research, The Lewin Group, Falls Church, Virginia 22042, USA
| | - Michael Peake
- University of Leicester, LE1 7RH, United Kingdom; National Lung Cancer Audit, Clinical Effectiveness and Evaluation Unit, Royal College of Physicians, London NW1 4LE, United Kingdom; National Cancer Intelligence Network, London SE1 8UG, United Kingdom
| | - Gordon McVie
- European Institute of Oncology, Milan 20146, Italy; University of Milan, Italy; University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom; University of Wales, Cardiff, South Glam CF10 3NS, United Kingdom; Founding Editor of ecancer.org
| | - Gary Geipel
- Lilly Oncology, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, USA
| | - Rose Li
- Rose Li and Associates, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland 20817, USA
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Pan D, Xu L, Liu H, Zhang W, Zhu Y, Xu J, Gu J. Interleukin-11 receptor predicts post-operative clinical outcome in patients with early-stage clear-cell renal cell carcinoma. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2014; 45:202-9. [PMID: 25420690 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyu194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the prognostic value of interleukin-11 receptor α chain in patients with early-stage clear-cell renal cell carcinoma. Interleukin-11 receptor α chain, a member of the gp130-dependent receptors, exerts pleiotropic oncogenic activities by promoting proliferation, angiogenesis and metastasis in many cancers. METHODS We retrospectively enrolled 293 patients (130 in the training cohort and 163 in the validation cohort) with early-stage (TNM Stage I + II) clear-cell renal cell carcinoma undergoing nephrectomy at a single institution. Clinicopathologic features, recurrence-free survival and overall survival were recorded. Interleukin-11 receptor α chain intensities were assessed by immunohistochemistry in tumor tissues. Kaplan-Meier method was applied to compare survival curves between groups. Cox regression models were used to analyze the impact of prognostic factors on recurrence-free survival and overall survival. The concordance index was calculated to assess predictive accuracy. RESULTS In both training and validation cohorts, high interleukin-11 receptor α chain expression was associated with early recurrence (P = 0.004 and P = 0.015, respectively) and poor survival (P < 0.001 and P = 0.019, respectively) of patients with early-stage clear-cell renal cell carcinoma. Multivariate analyses confirmed that interleukin-11 receptor α chain expression was an independent prognostic factor for recurrence-free survival (P = 0.004) and overall survival (P = 0.001). The predictive accuracy of the Leibovich prognostic score was improved when interleukin-11 receptor α chain expression was incorporated. Notably, the improvement in prediction mainly took place in patients with low-risk disease defined by the Leibovich score. CONCLUSION High Interleukin-11 receptor α chain expression is an independent predictor of poor clinical outcome in patients with early-stage clear-cell renal cell carcinoma, and the prognostic value is more prominent in those with low-risk disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deng Pan
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research, MOH, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai
| | - Le Xu
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai
| | - Haiou Liu
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research, MOH, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai
| | - Weijuan Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai
| | - Yu Zhu
- Department of Urology, Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiejie Xu
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research, MOH, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai
| | - Jianxin Gu
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research, MOH, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai
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