1
|
Chen T, Xiao Z, Liu X, Wang T, Wang Y, Ye F, Su J, Yao X, Xiong L, Yang DH. Natural products for combating multidrug resistance in cancer. Pharmacol Res 2024; 202:107099. [PMID: 38342327 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Cancer cells frequently develop resistance to chemotherapeutic therapies and targeted drugs, which has been a significant challenge in cancer management. With the growing advances in technologies in isolation and identification of natural products, the potential of natural products in combating cancer multidrug resistance has received substantial attention. Importantly, natural products can impact multiple targets, which can be valuable in overcoming drug resistance from different perspectives. In the current review, we will describe the well-established mechanisms underlying multidrug resistance, and introduce natural products that could target these multidrug resistant mechanisms. Specifically, we will discuss natural compounds such as curcumin, resveratrol, baicalein, chrysin and more, and their potential roles in combating multidrug resistance. This review article aims to provide a systematic summary of recent advances of natural products in combating cancer drug resistance, and will provide rationales for novel drug discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Chen
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Zhicheng Xiao
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Tingfang Wang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Fei Ye
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Juan Su
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Xuan Yao
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Liyan Xiong
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Dong-Hua Yang
- New York College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, NY 11501, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Prete A, Matrone A, Plebani R. State of the Art in 3D Culture Models Applied to Thyroid Cancer. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:520. [PMID: 38674166 PMCID: PMC11051914 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60040520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Thyroid cancer (TC) is the prevalent endocrine tumor with a rising incidence, particularly in higher-income countries, leading to an increased interest in its management and treatment. While overall, survival rates for TC are usually favorable, advanced cases, especially with metastasis and specific histotypes, pose challenges with poorer outcomes, advocating the need of systemic treatments. Targeted therapies have shown efficacy in both preclinical models and clinical trials but face issues of resistance, since they usually induce partial and transient response. These resistance phenomena are currently only partially addressed by traditional preclinical models. This review explores the limitations of traditional preclinical models and emphasizes the potential of three-dimensional (3D) models, such as transwell assays, spheroids, organoids, and organ-on-chip technology in providing a more comprehensive understanding of TC pathogenesis and treatment responses. We reviewed their use in the TC field, highlighting how they can produce new interesting insights. Finally, the advent of organ-on-chip technology is currently revolutionizing preclinical research, offering dynamic, multi-cellular systems that replicate the complexity of human organs and cancer-host interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Prete
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrine Unit 2, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Antonio Matrone
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrine Unit 2, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Roberto Plebani
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University, 66100 Chieti-Pescara, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Petrik J, Lauks S, Garlisi B, Lawler J. Thrombospondins in the tumor microenvironment. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 155:3-11. [PMID: 37286406 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Many cancers begin with the formation of a small nest of transformed cells that can remain dormant for years. Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) initially promotes dormancy by suppressing angiogenesis, a key early step in tumor progression. Over time, increases in drivers of angiogenesis predominate, and vascular cells, immune cells, and fibroblasts are recruited to the tumor mass forming a complex tissue, designated the tumor microenvironment. Numerous factors, including growth factors, chemokine/cytokine, and extracellular matrix, participate in the desmoplastic response that in many ways mimics wound healing. Vascular and lymphatic endothelial cells, and cancer-associated pericytes, fibroblasts, macrophages and immune cells are recruited to the tumor microenvironment, where multiple members of the TSP gene family promote their proliferation, migration and invasion. The TSPs also affect the immune signature of tumor tissue and the phenotype of tumor-associated macrophages. Consistent with these observations, expression of some TSPs has been established to correlate with poor outcomes in specific types of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James Petrik
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
| | - Sylvia Lauks
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Bianca Garlisi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Jack Lawler
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Beth Israel, Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhou X, Xia Q, Chen M, Zhang X, Huang M, Zheng X, Wang S, Wu B, Du Z. THBS1 promotes angiogenesis and accelerates ESCC malignant progression by the HIF-1/VEGF signaling pathway. Cell Biol Int 2024; 48:311-324. [PMID: 38233982 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.12126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Previously, we demonstrated that the expression of THBS1 is increased in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) tissues and is correlated with lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis, indicating that THBS1 might be a candidate oncogene in ESCC. In this study, we future studied the specific role of THBS1 in ESCC and its molecular mechanism. Silencing THBS1 expression resulted in inhibition of cell migration and cell invasion of ESCC cells, the decrease of colony formation and proliferation. Tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in vitro was decreased when cultured with conditioned medium from THBS1-silenced cells. The expression of CD31, a marker for blood vessel endothelial cells, was decreased in tumor tissues derived from THBS1-silenced tumors in vivo. Silencing THBS1 leaded the decreased of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), HIF-1β, and VEGFA protein. The expression of p-ERK and p-AKT were declined in HUVECs following incubation with conditioned medium from THBS1-silenced ESCC cells compared conditioned medium from control cells. Furthermore, the treatment with bevacizumab boosted the decrease of the p-ERK and p-AKT levels in HUVECs incubated with the conditioned medium from THBS1-silenced ESCC cells. THBS1 silencing combined with bevacizumab blocked VEGF, inhibited to the tube formation, colony formation and migration of HUVECs, which were superior to that of bevacizumab alone. We presumed that THBS1 can enhance HIF-1/VEGF signaling and subsequently induce angiogenesis by activating the AKT and ERK pathways in HUVECs, resulting in bevacizumab resistance. THBS1 would be a potential target in tumor antiangiogenesis therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhou
- Department of Central Laboratory, Shantou Central Hospital, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiaoxi Xia
- Department of Central Laboratory, Shantou Central Hospital, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Mantong Chen
- Department of Pathology, Shantou Central Hospital, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaona Zhang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Shantou Central Hospital, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Meihui Huang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Shantou Central Hospital, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoqi Zheng
- Department of Central Laboratory, Shantou Central Hospital, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shaohong Wang
- Department of Pathology, Shantou Central Hospital, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bingli Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zepeng Du
- Department of Central Laboratory, Shantou Central Hospital, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Pathology, Shantou Central Hospital, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lee M, Morris LGT. Genetic alterations in thyroid cancer mediating both resistance to BRAF inhibition and anaplastic transformation. Oncotarget 2024; 15:36-48. [PMID: 38275291 PMCID: PMC10812235 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
A subset of thyroid cancers present at advanced stage or with dedifferentiated histology and have limited response to standard therapy. Tumors harboring the BRAF V600E mutation may be treated with BRAF inhibitors; however, tumor response is often short lived due to multiple compensatory resistance mechanisms. One mode of resistance is the transition to an alternative cell state, which on rare occasions can correspond to tumor dedifferentiation. DNA sequencing and RNA expression profiling show that thyroid tumors that dedifferentiate after BRAF inhibition are enriched in known genetic alterations that mediate resistance to BRAF blockade, and may also drive tumor dedifferentiation, including mutations in the PI3K/AKT/MTOR (PIK3CA, MTOR), MAP/ERK (MET, NF2, NRAS, RASA1), SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex (ARID2, PBRM1), and JAK/STAT pathways (JAK1). Given these findings, recent investigations have evaluated the efficacy of dual-target therapies; however, continued lack of long-term tumor control illustrates the complex and multifactorial nature of these compensatory mechanisms. Transition to an immune-suppressed state is another correlate of BRAF inhibitor resistance and tumor dedifferentiation, suggesting a possible role for concurrent targeted therapy with immunotherapy. Investigations into combined targeted and immunotherapy are ongoing, but early results with checkpoint inhibitors, viral therapies, and CAR T-cells suggest enhanced anti-tumor immune activity with these combinations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Luc GT Morris
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li G, Gao J, Ding P, Gao Y. The role of endothelial cell-pericyte interactions in vascularization and diseases. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00029-8. [PMID: 38246244 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial cells (ECs) and pericytes (PCs) are crucial components of the vascular system, with ECs lining the inner layer of blood vessels and PCs surrounding capillaries to regulate blood flow and angiogenesis. Intercellular communication between ECs and PCs is vital for the formation, stability, and function of blood vessels. Various signaling pathways, such as the vascular endothelial growth factor/vascular endothelial growth factor receptor pathway and the platelet-derived growth factor-B/platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β pathway, play roles in communication between ECs and PCs. Dysfunctional communication between these cells is associated with various diseases, including vascular diseases, central nervous system disorders, and certain types of cancers. AIM OF REVIEW This review aimed to explore the diverse roles of ECs and PCs in the formation and reshaping of blood vessels. This review focused on the essential signaling pathways that facilitate communication between these cells and investigated how disruptions in these pathways may contribute to disease. Additionally, the review explored potential therapeutic targets, future research directions, and innovative approaches, such as investigating the impact of EC-PCs in novel systemic diseases, addressing resistance to antiangiogenic drugs, and developing novel antiangiogenic medications to enhance therapeutic efficacy. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW Disordered EC-PC intercellular signaling plays a role in abnormal blood vessel formation, thus contributing to the progression of various diseases and the development of resistance to antiangiogenic drugs. Therefore, studies on EC-PC intercellular interactions have high clinical relevance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gan Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China; Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Junjie Gao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China; Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China; Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Fujian, No. 16, Luoshan Section, Jinguang Road, Luoshan Street, Jinjiang City, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Peng Ding
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China; Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China.
| | - Youshui Gao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China; Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhao Y, Shen M, Wu L, Yang H, Yao Y, Yang Q, Du J, Liu L, Li Y, Bai Y. Stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment: accomplices of tumor progression? Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:587. [PMID: 37666813 PMCID: PMC10477351 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06110-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is made up of cells and extracellular matrix (non-cellular component), and cellular components include cancer cells and non-malignant cells such as immune cells and stromal cells. These three types of cells establish complex signals in the body and further influence tumor genesis, development, metastasis and participate in resistance to anti-tumor therapy. It has attracted scholars to study immune cells in TME due to the significant efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) and chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) in solid tumors and hematologic tumors. After more than 10 years of efforts, the role of immune cells in TME and the strategy of treating tumors based on immune cells have developed rapidly. Moreover, ICI have been recommended by guidelines as first- or second-line treatment strategies in a variety of tumors. At the same time, stromal cells is another major class of cellular components in TME, which also play a very important role in tumor metabolism, growth, metastasis, immune evasion and treatment resistance. Stromal cells can be recruited from neighboring non-cancerous host stromal cells and can also be formed by transdifferentiation from stromal cells to stromal cells or from tumor cells to stromal cells. Moreover, they participate in tumor genesis, development and drug resistance by secreting various factors and exosomes, participating in tumor angiogenesis and tumor metabolism, regulating the immune response in TME and extracellular matrix. However, with the deepening understanding of stromal cells, people found that stromal cells not only have the effect of promoting tumor but also can inhibit tumor in some cases. In this review, we will introduce the origin of stromal cells in TME as well as the role and specific mechanism of stromal cells in tumorigenesis and tumor development and strategies for treatment of tumors based on stromal cells. We will focus on tumor-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), tumor-associated adipocytes (CAAs), tumor endothelial cells (TECs) and pericytes (PCs) in stromal cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, 130033, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Meili Shen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, 130033, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Liangqiang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Special Engineering Plastics Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Haiqin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Special Engineering Plastics Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yixuan Yao
- Key Laboratory of Special Engineering Plastics Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Qingbiao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Special Engineering Plastics Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jianshi Du
- Key Laboratory of Lymphatic Surgery Jilin Province, Jilin Engineering Laboratory for Lymphatic Surgery Jilin Province, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, 130033, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Linlin Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, 130033, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yapeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Special Engineering Plastics Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, Jilin, China.
| | - Yuansong Bai
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, 130033, Changchun, Jilin, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hamidi S, Hofmann MC, Iyer PC, Cabanillas ME, Hu MI, Busaidy NL, Dadu R. Review article: new treatments for advanced differentiated thyroid cancers and potential mechanisms of drug resistance. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1176731. [PMID: 37435488 PMCID: PMC10331470 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1176731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The treatment of advanced, radioiodine refractory, differentiated thyroid cancers (RR-DTCs) has undergone major advancements in the last decade, causing a paradigm shift in the management and prognosis of these patients. Better understanding of the molecular drivers of tumorigenesis and access to next generation sequencing of tumors have led to the development and Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approval of numerous targeted therapies for RR-DTCs, including antiangiogenic multikinase inhibitors, and more recently, fusion-specific kinase inhibitors such as RET inhibitors and NTRK inhibitors. BRAF + MEK inhibitors have also been approved for BRAF-mutated solid tumors and are routinely used in RR-DTCs in many centers. However, none of the currently available treatments are curative, and most patients will ultimately show progression. Current research efforts are therefore focused on identifying resistance mechanisms to tyrosine kinase inhibitors and ways to overcome them. Various novel treatment strategies are under investigation, including immunotherapy, redifferentiation therapy, and second-generation kinase inhibitors. In this review, we will discuss currently available drugs for advanced RR-DTCs, potential mechanisms of drug resistance and future therapeutic avenues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ramona Dadu
- Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Narayanan J, Tamilanban T, Kumar PS, Guru A, Muthupandian S, Kathiravan MK, Arockiaraj J. Role and mechanistic actions of protein kinase inhibitors as an effective drug target for cancer and COVID. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:238. [PMID: 37193831 PMCID: PMC10188327 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03559-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Kinases can be grouped into 20 families which play a vital role as a regulator of neoplasia, metastasis, and cytokine suppression. Human genome sequencing has discovered more than 500 kinases. Mutations of the kinase itself or the pathway regulated by kinases leads to the progression of diseases such as Alzheimer's, viral infections, and cancers. Cancer chemotherapy has made significant leaps in recent years. The utilization of chemotherapeutic agents for treating cancers has become difficult due to their unpredictable nature and their toxicity toward the host cells. Therefore, targeted therapy as a therapeutic option against cancer-specific cells and toward the signaling pathways is a valuable avenue of research. SARS-CoV-2 is a member of the Betacoronavirus genus that is responsible for causing the COVID pandemic. Kinase family provides a valuable source of biological targets against cancers and for recent COVID infections. Kinases such as tyrosine kinases, Rho kinase, Bruton tyrosine kinase, ABL kinases, and NAK kinases play an important role in the modulation of signaling pathways involved in both cancers and viral infections such as COVID. These kinase inhibitors consist of multiple protein targets such as the viral replication machinery and specific molecules targeting signaling pathways for cancer. Thus, kinase inhibitors can be used for their anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic activity along with cytokine suppression in cases of COVID. The main goal of this review is to focus on the pharmacology of kinase inhibitors for cancer and COVID, as well as ideas for future development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Narayanan
- Department of Pharmacology, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - T Tamilanban
- Department of Pharmacology, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - P Senthil Kumar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Pollachi Main Road, Eachanari Post, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641021, India
| | - Ajay Guru
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, SIMATS, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600077, India.
| | - Saravanan Muthupandian
- AMR and Nanomedicine Lab, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600077, India.
| | - M K Kathiravan
- 209, Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Research Lab, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India.
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Iesato A, Li S, Sadow PM, Abbasian M, Nazarian A, Lawler J, Nucera C. The tyrosine kinase inhibitor lenvatinib inhibits anaplastic thyroid carcinoma growth by targeting pericytes in the tumor microenvironment. Thyroid 2023. [PMID: 37171127 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2022.0597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is a rapidly fatal cancer with a median survival of a few months. Enhanced therapeutic options for durable management of ATC will rely on an understanding of genetics and the role of the tumor microenvironment. The prognosis for patients with ATC has not improved despite more detailed scrutiny of underlying tumor genetics. Pericytes in the microenvironment play a key evasive role for thyroid carcinoma cells. Lenvatinib improves outcomes in patients with radioiodine-refractory, well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma. In addition to the unclear role of pericytes in ATC, the effect and mechanism of lenvatinib efficacy on ATC have not been sufficiently elucidated. DESIGN We assessed pericyte enrichment in ATC. We determined the effect of lenvatinib on ATC cell growth co-cultured with pericytes and in a xenograft mouse model from human BRAFWT/V600E-ATC-derived cells co-implanted with pericytes. RESULTS ATC samples were significantly enriched in pericytes compared to normal thyroid (NT) samples. BRAFWT/V600E-ATC-derived cells were resistant to lenvatinib treatment shown by a lack of suppression of MAPK and Akt pathways. Moreover, lenvatinib increased CD47 protein (TSP-1 receptor) levels over time vs. vehicle. TSP-1 levels were down-regulated upon lenvatinib at late vs. early time points. Critically, ATC cells, when co-cultured with pericytes, showed increased sensitivity to this therapy and ultimately decreased cell number. The co-implantation in vivo of ATC cells with pericytes increased ATC growth and did not down-regulate TSP-1 in the microenvironment in vivo. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Pericytes are enriched in ATC samples and may enhance tumor viability. Lenvatinib showed inhibitory effects on BRAFWT/V600E-ATC cells in the presence of pericytes. The presence of pericytes could be crucial for effective lenvatinib treatment. Degree of pericyte abundance may be an attractive prognostic marker in assessing pharmaco-therapeutic options. Effective, durable management of ATC will rely on an understanding not only of genetics but also on the role of the tumor microenvironment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asumi Iesato
- Harvard Medical School, 1811, Boston, Massachusetts, United States;
| | - Stephanie Li
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 1859, Boston, Massachusetts, United States;
| | - Peter M Sadow
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Pathology, 55 Fruit Street, WRN219, Boston, Massachusetts, United States, 02114
- Harvard Medical School, 1811, Pathology, Boston, Massachusetts, United States, 02115;
| | | | - Ara Nazarian
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 1859, Boston, Massachusetts, United States;
| | - Jack Lawler
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 1859, PATHOLOGY, Boston, Massachusetts, United States;
| | - Carmelo Nucera
- Harvard Medical School, 1811, PATHOLOGY, BIDMC, Boston, Massachusetts, United States;
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
The Tumor Microenvironment in Tumorigenesis and Therapy Resistance Revisited. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15020376. [PMID: 36672326 PMCID: PMC9856874 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15020376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumorigenesis is a complex and dynamic process involving cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions that allow tumor cell growth, drug resistance and metastasis. This review provides an updated summary of the role played by the tumor microenvironment (TME) components and hypoxia in tumorigenesis, and highlight various ways through which tumor cells reprogram normal cells into phenotypes that are pro-tumorigenic, including cancer associated- fibroblasts, -macrophages and -endothelial cells. Tumor cells secrete numerous factors leading to the transformation of a previously anti-tumorigenic environment into a pro-tumorigenic environment. Once formed, solid tumors continue to interact with various stromal cells, including local and infiltrating fibroblasts, macrophages, mesenchymal stem cells, endothelial cells, pericytes, and secreted factors and the ECM within the tumor microenvironment (TME). The TME is key to tumorigenesis, drug response and treatment outcome. Importantly, stromal cells and secreted factors can initially be anti-tumorigenic, but over time promote tumorigenesis and induce therapy resistance. To counter hypoxia, increased angiogenesis leads to the formation of new vascular networks in order to actively promote and sustain tumor growth via the supply of oxygen and nutrients, whilst removing metabolic waste. Angiogenic vascular network formation aid in tumor cell metastatic dissemination. Successful tumor treatment and novel drug development require the identification and therapeutic targeting of pro-tumorigenic components of the TME including cancer-associated- fibroblasts (CAFs) and -macrophages (CAMs), hypoxia, blocking ECM-receptor interactions, in addition to the targeting of tumor cells. The reprogramming of stromal cells and the immune response to be anti-tumorigenic is key to therapeutic success. Lastly, this review highlights potential TME- and hypoxia-centered therapies under investigation.
Collapse
|
12
|
Matsumura K, Hayashi H, Uemura N, Ogata Y, Zhao L, Sato H, Shiraishi Y, Kuroki H, Kitamura F, Kaida T, Higashi T, Nakagawa S, Mima K, Imai K, Yamashita YI, Baba H. Thrombospondin-1 overexpression stimulates loss of Smad4 and accelerates malignant behavior via TGF-β signal activation in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Transl Oncol 2022; 26:101533. [PMID: 36115074 PMCID: PMC9483797 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2022.101533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by abundant stroma and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) provide a favorable tumor microenvironment. Smad4 is known as tumor suppressor in several types of cancers including PDAC, and loss of Smad4 triggers accelerated cell invasiveness and metastatic potential. The thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) can act as a major activator of latent transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in vivo. However, the roles of TSP-1 and the mediator of Smad4 loss and TGF-β signal activation during PDAC progression have not yet been addressed. The aim is to elucidate the biological role of TSP-1 in PDAC progression. METHODS AND RESULTS High substrate stiffness stimulated TSP-1 expression in CAFs, and TSP-1 knockdown inhibited cell proliferation with suppressed profibrogenic and activated stroma-related gene expressions in CAFs. Paracrine TSP-1 treatment for PDAC cells promoted cell proliferation and epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) with activated TGF-β signals such as phosphorylated Akt and Smad2/3 expressions. Surprisingly, knockdown of DPC4 (Smad4 gene) induced TSP-1 overexpression with TGF-β signal activation in PDAC cells. Interestingly, TSP-1 overexpression also induced downregulation of Smad4 expression and enhanced cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Treatment with LSKL peptide, which antagonizes TSP-1-mediated latent TGF-β activation, attenuated cell proliferation, migration and chemoresistance with enhanced apoptosis in PDAC cells. CONCLUSIONS TSP-1 derived from CAFs stimulates loss of Smad4 expression in cancer cells and accelerates malignant behavior by TGF-β signal activation in PDAC. TSP-1 could be a novel therapeutic target, not only for CAFs in stiff stroma, but also for cancer cells in the PDAC microenvironment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Matsumura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Hayashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Norio Uemura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yoko Ogata
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Liu Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Hiroki Sato
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yuta Shiraishi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Kuroki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Fumimasa Kitamura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Kaida
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Takaaki Higashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Shigeki Nakagawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Kosuke Mima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Katsunori Imai
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yo-Ichi Yamashita
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Hideo Baba
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lawler J. Counter Regulation of Tumor Angiogenesis by Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Thrombospondin-1. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:126-135. [PMID: 36191900 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Considerable progress has been made in our understanding of the process of angiogenesis in the context of normal and tumor tissue over the last fifty years. Angiogenesis, like most physiological processes, is carefully controlled by dynamic and opposing effects of positive factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and negative factors, such as thrombospondin-1. In most cases, the progression of a small mass of cancerous cells to a life-threatening tumor depends upon the initiation of angiogenesis and involves the dysregulation of the angiogenic balance. Whereas our newfound appreciation for the role of angiogenesis in cancer has opened up new avenues for treatment, the success of these treatments, which have focused almost exclusively on antagonizing the VEGF pathway, has been limited to date. It is anticipated that this situation will improve as more therapeutics that target other pathways are developed, more strategies for combination therapies are advanced, more detailed stratification of patient populations occurs, and a better understanding of resistance to anti-angiogenic therapy is gained.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jack Lawler
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, The Center for Vascular Biology Research, 99 Brookline Ave, Boston MA 02215, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhang Y, Xing Z, Liu T, Tang M, Mi L, Zhu J, Wu W, Wei T. Targeted therapy and drug resistance in thyroid cancer. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 238:114500. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
15
|
Chen Y, Tang M, Li H, Liu H, Wang J, Huang J. TGFβ1 as a Predictive Biomarker for Collateral Formation Within Ischemic Moyamoya Disease. Front Neurol 2022; 13:899470. [PMID: 35873760 PMCID: PMC9301205 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.899470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a unique cerebrovascular occlusive disease characterized by progressive steno-occlusion within the terminal segment of the internal carotid artery. However, good collaterals from an external carotid artery are essential to compensate for the ischemia in moyamoya disease. This study aimed to investigate the transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGFβ1) in plasma as a potential biomarker for predicting collateral formation in ischemic MMD. Methods The transcriptome profile downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) was used to analyze the differential expression of genes between the ischemic MMD and the control groups. We prospectively recruited 23 consecutive patients with ischemic MMD that was diagnosed via digital subtraction angiography (DSA). Nine patients with intracranial aneurysms and four healthy people served as controls. The collaterals from the external carotid artery were examined using DSA. We evaluated whether the collateral formation was associated with TGFβ1 in patients with ischemic MMD. Western blot, RT-qPCR, ELISA, and tube formation assay were used to explore the relationship between TGFβ1 and angiogenesis, as well as the potential mechanisms. Results The mRNA levels of TGFβ1 were upregulated in the patients with ischemic MMD. The plasma TGFβ1 levels were higher in the patients with ischemic MMD than in the aneurysm and healthy patients (p < 0.05). The collateral formation group has higher levels of serum TGFβ1 than the non-collateral formation group (p < 0.05). The levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are positively correlated with TGFβ1 levels in the plasma (R2 = 0.6115; p < 0.0001). TGFβ1 regulates VEGF expression via the activation of the TGFβ pathway within HUVEC cells, as well as TGFβ1 stimulating HUVEC cells to secrete VEGF into the cell culture media. An in vitro assay revealed that TGFβ1 promotes angiogenesis within the endothelial cells. Conclusion Our findings suggest that TGFβ1 plays a vital role in promoting collateral formation by upregulating VEGF expression in ischemic MMD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanbing Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Miao Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hongwei Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Junyu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jun Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Jun Huang
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Huang M, Lin Y, Wang C, Deng L, Chen M, Assaraf YG, Chen ZS, Ye W, Zhang D. New insights into antiangiogenic therapy resistance in cancer: Mechanisms and therapeutic aspects. Drug Resist Updat 2022; 64:100849. [PMID: 35842983 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2022.100849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a hallmark of cancer and is required for tumor growth and progression. Antiangiogenic therapy has been revolutionarily developing and was approved for the treatment of various types of cancer for nearly two decades, among which bevacizumab and sorafenib continue to be the two most frequently used antiangiogenic drugs. Although antiangiogenic therapy has brought substantial survival benefits to many cancer patients, resistance to antiangiogenic drugs frequently occurs during clinical treatment, leading to poor outcomes and treatment failure. Cumulative evidence has demonstrated that the intricate interplay among tumor cells, bone marrow-derived cells, and local stromal cells critically allows for tumor escape from antiangiogenic therapy. Currently, drug resistance has become the main challenge that hinders the therapeutic efficacies of antiangiogenic therapy. In this review, we describe and summarize the cellular and molecular mechanisms conferring tumor drug resistance to antiangiogenic therapy, which was predominantly associated with redundancy in angiogenic signaling molecules (e.g., VEGFs, GM-CSF, G-CSF, and IL17), alterations in biological processes of tumor cells (e.g., tumor invasiveness and metastasis, stemness, autophagy, metabolic reprogramming, vessel co-option, and vasculogenic mimicry), increased recruitment of bone marrow-derived cells (e.g., myeloid-derived suppressive cells, tumor-associated macrophages, and tumor-associated neutrophils), and changes in the biological functions and features of local stromal cells (e.g., pericytes, cancer-associated fibroblasts, and endothelial cells). We also review potential biomarkers to predict the response to antiangiogenic therapy in cancer patients, which mainly consist of imaging biomarkers, cellular and extracellular proteins, a certain type of bone marrow-derived cells, local stromal cell content (e.g., pericyte coverage) as well as serum or plasma biomarkers (e.g., non-coding RNAs). Finally, we highlight the recent advances in combination strategies with the aim of enhancing the response to antiangiogenic therapy in cancer patients and mouse models. This review introduces a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms and biomarkers associated with the evasion of antiangiogenic therapy in cancer, providing an outlook for developing more effective approaches to promote the therapeutic efficacy of antiangiogenic therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maohua Huang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yuning Lin
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Chenran Wang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Lijuan Deng
- Formula-Pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Minfeng Chen
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yehuda G Assaraf
- The Fred Wyszkowski Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Institute for Biotechnology, St. John's University, NY 11439, USA.
| | - Wencai Ye
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Nilubol N. "Cutting the Support" to Improve Treatment Efficacy in Thyroid Cancer by Targeting Tumor Microenvironment. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:e1758-e1759. [PMID: 34668970 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naris Nilubol
- Endocrine Surgery section, Surgical Oncology Program, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Pharmacological inhibition of Ref-1 enhances the therapeutic sensitivity of papillary thyroid carcinoma to vemurafenib. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:124. [PMID: 35136031 PMCID: PMC8825860 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04550-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The use of the BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib exhibits drug resistance in the treatment of thyroid cancer (TC), and finding more effective multitarget combination therapies may be an important solution. In the present study, we found strong correlations between Ref-1 high expression and BRAF mutation, lymph node metastasis, and TNM stage. The oxidative stress environment induced by structural activation of BRAF upregulates the expression of Ref-1, which caused intrinsic resistance of PTC to vemurafenib. Combination inhibition of the Ref-1 redox function and BRAF could enhance the antitumor effects of vemurafenib, which was achieved by blocking the action of Ref-1 on BRAF proteins. Furthermore, combination treatment could cause an overload of autophagic flux via excessive AMPK protein activation, causing cell senescence and cell death in vitro. And combined administration of Ref-1 and vemurafenib in vivo suppressed PTC cell growth and metastasis in a cell-based lung metastatic tumor model and xenogeneic subcutaneous tumor model. Collectively, our study provides evidence that Ref-1 upregulation via constitutive activation of BRAF in PTC contributes to intrinsic resistance to vemurafenib. Combined treatment with a Ref-1 redox inhibitor and a BRAF inhibitor could make PTC more sensitive to vemurafenib and enhance the antitumor effects of vemurafenib by further inhibiting the MAPK pathway and activating the excessive autophagy and related senescence process.
Collapse
|
19
|
Jin A, Zhou J, Yu P, Zhou S, Chang C. High Expression of THBS1 Leads to a Poor Prognosis in Papillary Thyroid Cancer and Suppresses the Anti-Tumor Immune Microenvironment. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2022; 21:15330338221085360. [PMID: 35315710 PMCID: PMC8943644 DOI: 10.1177/15330338221085360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To study the role of thrombospondin-1 (THBS1) in
papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) prognosis and the immune microenvironment.
Methods: A retrospective cohort study was designed, and data
from The Cancer Genome Atlas database and PTC tissues from Fudan University
Shanghai Cancer Center were used. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis
was performed to build a THBS1-immune-related gene prognostic
index (T-I index). Results: High THBS1 expression
was correlated with advanced TNM stage, higher recurrence risk, and shorter
progression-free interval. High THBS1 expression correlated
with MAPK and PD1 pathways indicating a tumor promoting and immunity-inhibiting
tendency. The T-I index showed a powerful capacity to predict progression-free
survival and immunotherapy benefit. Conclusion: High expression of
THBS1 leads to a poor prognosis in PTCs and suppresses the
anti-tumor immune microenvironment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Jin
- 89667Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Zhou
- 89667Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Pengcheng Yu
- 89667Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Shichong Zhou
- 89667Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Cai Chang
- 89667Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhang M, Zhang YY, Chen Y, Wang J, Wang Q, Lu H. TGF-β Signaling and Resistance to Cancer Therapy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:786728. [PMID: 34917620 PMCID: PMC8669610 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.786728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) pathway, which is well studied for its ability to inhibit cell proliferation in early stages of tumorigenesis while promoting epithelial-mesenchymal transition and invasion in advanced cancer, is considered to act as a double-edged sword in cancer. Multiple inhibitors have been developed to target TGF-β signaling, but results from clinical trials were inconsistent, suggesting that the functions of TGF-β in human cancers are not yet fully explored. Multiple drug resistance is a major challenge in cancer therapy; emerging evidence indicates that TGF-β signaling may be a key factor in cancer resistance to chemotherapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy. Finally, combining anti-TGF-β therapy with other cancer therapy is an attractive venue to be explored for the treatment of therapy-resistant cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maoduo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Yi Zhang
- Centre for Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yongze Chen
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hezhe Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zhang C, Xu X, Trotter TN, Gowda PS, Lu Y, Suto MJ, Javed A, Murphy-Ullrich JE, Li J, Yang Y. Runx2 deficiency in osteoblasts promotes myeloma resistance to bortezomib by increasing TSP-1-dependent TGF-β1 activation and suppressing immunity in bone marrow. Mol Cancer Ther 2021; 21:347-358. [PMID: 34907087 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-21-0310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell malignancy that thrives in the bone marrow (BM). The proteasome inhibitor bortezomib (BTZ) is one of the most effective front-line chemotherapeutic drugs for MM; however, 15-20% of high-risk patients do not respond to or become resistant to this drug and the mechanisms of chemoresistance remain unclear. We previously demonstrated that MM cells inhibit Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) in pre- and immature osteoblasts (OBs), and that this OB-Runx2 deficiency induces a cytokine-rich and immunosuppressive microenvironment in the BM. In the current study, we assessed the impact of OB-Runx2 deficiency on the outcome of BTZ treatment using OB-Runx2+/+ and OB-Runx2-/- mouse models of MM. In vitro and in vivo experiments revealed that OB-Runx2 deficiency induces MM cell resistance to BTZ via the upregulation of immunosuppressive myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), downregulation of cytotoxic T cells, and activation of TGF-β1 in the BM. In MM tumor-bearing OB-Runx2-/- mice, treatment with SRI31277, an antagonist of thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1)-mediated TGF-β1 activation, reversed the BM immunosuppression and significantly reduced tumor burden. Furthermore, treatment with SRI31277 combined with BTZ alleviated MM cell resistance to BTZ-induced apoptosis caused by OB-Runx2 deficiency in co-cultured cells and produced a synergistic effect on tumor burden in OB-Runx2-/- mice. Depletion of MDSCs by 5-fluorouracil or gemcitabine similarly reversed the immunosuppressive effects and BTZ resistance induced by OB-Runx2 deficiency in tumor-bearing mice, indicating the importance of the immune environment for drug resistance and suggesting new strategies to overcome BTZ resistance in the treatment of MM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University
| | - Xiaoxuan Xu
- Department of Hematology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, the Second Affiliated Hospital of South China University of Technology
| | | | | | - Yun Lu
- Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | | | - Amjad Javed
- 3Comprehensive Cancer Center and the Center for Metabolic Bone Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Joanne E Murphy-Ullrich
- Pathology, Cell Developmental and Integrative Biology, and Ophthalmology, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Juan Li
- First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University
| | - Yang Yang
- Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Iesato A, Li S, Roti G, Hacker MR, Fischer AH, Nucera C. Lenvatinib Targets PDGFR-β Pericytes and Inhibits Synergy With Thyroid Carcinoma Cells: Novel Translational Insights. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:3569-3590. [PMID: 34302727 PMCID: PMC8864753 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Pericyte populations abundantly express tyrosine kinases (eg, platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β [PDGFR-β]) and impact therapeutic response. Lenvatinib is a clinically available tyrosine kinase inhibitor that also targets PDGFR-β. Duration of therapeutic response was shorter in patients with greater disease burden and metastasis. Patients may develop drug resistance and tumor progression. OBJECTIVES Develop a gene signature of pericyte abundance to assess with tumor aggressiveness and determine both the response of thyroid-derived pericytes to lenvatinib and their synergies with thyroid carcinoma-derived cells. DESIGN Using a new gene signature, we estimated the relative abundance of pericytes in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and normal thyroid (NT) TCGA samples. We also cocultured CD90+;PAX8- thyroid-derived pericytes and BRAFWT/V600E-PTC-derived cells to determine effects of coculture on paracrine communications and lenvatinib response. RESULTS Pericyte abundance is significantly higher in BRAFV600E-PTC with hTERT mutations and copy number alterations compared with NT or BRAFWT-PTC samples, even when data are corrected for clinical-pathologic confounders. We have identified upregulated pathways important for tumor survival, immunomodulation, RNA transcription, cell-cycle regulation, and cholesterol metabolism. Pericyte growth is significantly increased by platelet-derived growth factor-BB, which activates phospho(p)-PDGFR-β, pERK1/2, and pAKT. Lenvatinib strongly inhibits pericyte viability by down-regulating MAPK, pAKT, and p-p70S6-kinase downstream PDGFR-β. Critically, lenvatinib significantly induces higher BRAFWT/V600E-PTC cell death when cocultured with pericytes, as a result of pericyte targeting via PDGFR-β. CONCLUSIONS This is the first thyroid-specific model of lenvatinib therapeutic efficacy against pericyte viability, which disadvantages BRAFWT/V600E-PTC growth. Assessing pericyte abundance in patients with PTC could be essential to selection rationales for appropriate targeted therapy with lenvatinib.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asumi Iesato
- Laboratory of Human Thyroid Cancers Preclinical and Translational Research, Division of Experimental Pathology, Cancer Research Institute (CRI), Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02215, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Center for Vascular Biology Research (CVBR), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02215, MA, USA
| | - Stephanie Li
- Laboratory of Human Thyroid Cancers Preclinical and Translational Research, Division of Experimental Pathology, Cancer Research Institute (CRI), Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02215, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Center for Vascular Biology Research (CVBR), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02215, MA, USA
| | - Giovanni Roti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, 43126, Italy
| | - Michele R Hacker
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02215, MA, USA
| | - Andrew H Fischer
- Department of Pathology, UMass Memorial Medical Center, Worcester, 01605, MA, USA
| | - Carmelo Nucera
- Laboratory of Human Thyroid Cancers Preclinical and Translational Research, Division of Experimental Pathology, Cancer Research Institute (CRI), Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02215, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Center for Vascular Biology Research (CVBR), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02215, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, 02142, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Pericytes augment glioblastoma cell resistance to temozolomide through CCL5-CCR5 paracrine signaling. Cell Res 2021; 31:1072-1087. [PMID: 34239070 PMCID: PMC8486800 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-021-00528-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a prevalent and highly lethal form of glioma, with rapid tumor progression and frequent recurrence. Excessive outgrowth of pericytes in GBM governs the ecology of the perivascular niche, but their function in mediating chemoresistance has not been fully explored. Herein, we uncovered that pericytes potentiate DNA damage repair (DDR) in GBM cells residing in the perivascular niche, which induces temozolomide (TMZ) chemoresistance. We found that increased pericyte proportion correlates with accelerated tumor recurrence and worse prognosis. Genetic depletion of pericytes in GBM xenografts enhances TMZ-induced cytotoxicity and prolongs survival of tumor-bearing mice. Mechanistically, C-C motif chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5) secreted by pericytes activates C-C motif chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) on GBM cells to enable DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs)-mediated DDR upon TMZ treatment. Disrupting CCL5-CCR5 paracrine signaling through the brain-penetrable CCR5 antagonist maraviroc (MVC) potently inhibits pericyte-promoted DDR and effectively improves the chemotherapeutic efficacy of TMZ. GBM patient-derived xenografts with high CCL5 expression benefit from combined treatment with TMZ and MVC. Our study reveals the role of pericytes as an extrinsic stimulator potentiating DDR signaling in GBM cells and suggests that targeting CCL5-CCR5 signaling could be an effective therapeutic strategy to improve chemotherapeutic efficacy against GBM.
Collapse
|
24
|
Valvo V, Iesato A, Kavanagh TR, Priolo C, Zsengeller Z, Pontecorvi A, Stillman IE, Burke SD, Liu X, Nucera C. Fine-Tuning Lipid Metabolism by Targeting Mitochondria-Associated Acetyl-CoA-Carboxylase 2 in BRAFV600E Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma. Thyroid 2021; 31:1335-1358. [PMID: 33107403 PMCID: PMC8558082 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2020.0311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Background: BRAFV600E acts as an ATP-dependent cytosolic kinase. BRAFV600E inhibitors are widely available, but resistance to them is widely reported in the clinic. Lipid metabolism (fatty acids) is fundamental for energy and to control cell stress. Whether and how BRAFV600E impacts lipid metabolism regulation in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is still unknown. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) is a rate-limiting enzyme for de novo lipid synthesis and inhibition of fatty acid oxidation (FAO). ACC1 and ACC2 genes encode distinct isoforms of ACC. The aim of our study was to determine the relationship between BRAFV600E and ACC in PTC. Methods: We performed RNA-seq and DNA copy number analyses in PTC and normal thyroid (NT) in The Cancer Genome Atlas samples. Validations were performed by using assays on PTC-derived cell lines of differing BRAF status and a xenograft mouse model derived from a heterozygous BRAFWT/V600E PTC-derived cell line with knockdown (sh) of ACC1 or ACC2. Results:ACC2 mRNA expression was significantly downregulated in BRAFV600E-PTC vs. BRAFWT-PTC or NT clinical samples. ACC2 protein levels were downregulated in BRAFV600E-PTC cell lines vs. the BRAFWT/WT PTC cell line. Vemurafenib increased ACC2 (and to a lesser extent ACC1) mRNA levels in PTC-derived cell lines in a BRAFV600E allelic dose-dependent manner. BRAFV600E inhibition increased de novo lipid synthesis rates, and decreased FAO due to oxygen consumption rate (OCR), and extracellular acidification rate (ECAR), after addition of palmitate. Only shACC2 significantly increased OCR rates due to FAO, while it decreased ECAR in BRAFV600E PTC-derived cells vs. controls. BRAFV600E inhibition synergized with shACC2 to increase intracellular reactive oxygen species production, leading to increased cell proliferation and, ultimately, vemurafenib resistance. Mice implanted with a BRAFWT/V600E PTC-derived cell line with shACC2 showed significantly increased tumor growth after vemurafenib treatment, while vehicle-treated controls, or shGFP control cells treated with vemurafenib showed stable tumor growth. Conclusions: These findings suggest a potential link between BRAFV600E and lipid metabolism regulation in PTC. BRAFV600E downregulates ACC2 levels, which deregulates de novo lipid synthesis, FAO due to OCR, and ECAR rates. ShACC2 may contribute to vemurafenib resistance and increased tumor growth. ACC2 rescue may represent a novel molecular strategy for overcoming resistance to BRAFV600E inhibitors in refractory PTC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Valvo
- Laboratory of Human Thyroid Cancers Preclinical and Translational Research, Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, Cancer Research Institute (CRI), Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Asumi Iesato
- Laboratory of Human Thyroid Cancers Preclinical and Translational Research, Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, Cancer Research Institute (CRI), Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Taylor R. Kavanagh
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Carmen Priolo
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Alfredo Pontecorvi
- Department of Medicine, Agostino Gemelli Medical School, UCSC, Rome, Italy
| | - Isaac E. Stillman
- Department of Pathology; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Suzanne D. Burke
- Department of Medicine; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Xiaowen Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Carmelo Nucera
- Laboratory of Human Thyroid Cancers Preclinical and Translational Research, Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, Cancer Research Institute (CRI), Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Vascular Biology Research (CVBR); Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Address correspondence to: Carmelo Nucera, MD, PhD, Laboratory of Human Thyroid Cancers Preclinical and Translational Research, Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, Cancer Research Institute (CRI) Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Office: RN270K, 99 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Poorly Differentiated and Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer: Insights into Genomics, Microenvironment and New Drugs. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13133200. [PMID: 34206867 PMCID: PMC8267688 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In the last decades, many researchers produced promising data concerning genetics and tumor microenvironment of poorly differentiated thyroid cancer (PDTC) and anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC). They are trying to tear the veil covering these orphan cancers, suggesting new therapeutic weapons as single or combined therapies. Abstract PDTC and ATC present median overall survival of 6 years and 6 months, respectively. In spite of their rarity, patients with PDTC and ATC represent a significant clinical problem, because of their poor survival and the substantial inefficacy of classical therapies. We reviewed the newest findings about genetic features of PDTC and ATC, from mutations occurring in DNA to alterations in RNA. Therefore, we describe their tumor microenvironments (both immune and not-immune) and the interactions between tumor and neighboring cells. Finally, we recapitulate how this upcoming evidence are changing the treatment of PDTC and ATC.
Collapse
|
26
|
Sun R, Kong X, Qiu X, Huang C, Wong PP. The Emerging Roles of Pericytes in Modulating Tumor Microenvironment. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:676342. [PMID: 34179005 PMCID: PMC8232225 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.676342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pericytes (PCs), known as mural cells, play an important blood vessel (BV) supporting role in regulating vascular stabilization, permeability and blood flow in microcirculation as well as blood brain barrier. In carcinogenesis, defective interaction between PCs and endothelial cells (ECs) contributes to the formation of leaky, chaotic and dysfunctional vasculature in tumors. However, recent works from other laboratories and our own demonstrate that the direct interaction between PCs and other stromal cells/cancer cells can modulate tumor microenvironment (TME) to favor cancer growth and progression, independent of its BV supporting role. Furthermore, accumulating evidence suggests that PCs have an immunomodulatory role. In the current review, we focus on recent advancement in understanding PC's regulatory role in the TME by communicating with ECs, immune cells, and tumor cells, and discuss how we can target PC's functions to re-model TME for an improved cancer treatment strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruipu Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangzhan Kong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyi Qiu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping-Pui Wong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Melaccio A, Sgaramella LI, Pasculli A, Di Meo G, Gurrado A, Prete FP, Vacca A, Ria R, Testini M. Prognostic and Therapeutic Role of Angiogenic Microenvironment in Thyroid Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112775. [PMID: 34204889 PMCID: PMC8199761 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Angiogenesis is an essential event for the progression of solid tumors and is promoted by angiogenic cytokines released in the tumor microenvironment by neoplastic and stromal cells. Over the last 20 years, the role of the microenvironment and the implication of several angiogenic factors in tumorigenesis of solid and hematological neoplasms have been widely studied. The tumor microenvironment has also been well-defined for thyroid cancer, clarifying the importance of angiogenesis in cancer progression, spread, and metastasis. Furthermore, recent studies have evaluated the association of circulating angiogenic factors with the clinical outcomes of differentiated thyroid cancer, potentially providing noninvasive, low-cost, and safe tests that can be used in screening, diagnosis, and follow-up. In this review, we highlight the mechanisms of action of these proangiogenic factors and their different molecular pathways, as well as their applications in the treatment and prognosis of thyroid cancer. Abstract Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy, with a typically favorable prognosis following standard treatments, such as surgical resection and radioiodine therapy. A subset of thyroid cancers progress to refractory/metastatic disease. Understanding how the tumor microenvironment is transformed into an angiogenic microenvironment has a role of primary importance in the aggressive behavior of these neoplasms. During tumor growth and progression, angiogenesis represents a deregulated biological process, and the angiogenic switch, characterized by the formation of new vessels, induces tumor cell proliferation, local invasion, and hematogenous metastases. This evidence has propelled the scientific community’s effort to study a number of molecular pathways (proliferation, cell cycle control, and angiogenic processes), identifying mediators that may represent viable targets for new anticancer treatments. Herein, we sought to review angiogenesis in thyroid cancer and the potential role of proangiogenic cytokines for risk stratification of patients. We also present the current status of treatment of advanced differentiated, medullary, and poorly differentiated thyroid cancers with multiple tyrosine kinase inhibitors, based on the rationale of angiogenesis as a potential therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Assunta Melaccio
- Operative Unit of Internal Medicine “G. Baccelli”, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro” Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.M.); (A.V.); (R.R.)
| | - Lucia Ilaria Sgaramella
- Academic General Surgery Unit “V. Bonomo”, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro” Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (L.I.S.); (A.P.); (G.D.M.); (A.G.); (F.P.P.)
| | - Alessandro Pasculli
- Academic General Surgery Unit “V. Bonomo”, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro” Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (L.I.S.); (A.P.); (G.D.M.); (A.G.); (F.P.P.)
| | - Giovanna Di Meo
- Academic General Surgery Unit “V. Bonomo”, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro” Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (L.I.S.); (A.P.); (G.D.M.); (A.G.); (F.P.P.)
| | - Angela Gurrado
- Academic General Surgery Unit “V. Bonomo”, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro” Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (L.I.S.); (A.P.); (G.D.M.); (A.G.); (F.P.P.)
| | - Francesco Paolo Prete
- Academic General Surgery Unit “V. Bonomo”, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro” Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (L.I.S.); (A.P.); (G.D.M.); (A.G.); (F.P.P.)
| | - Angelo Vacca
- Operative Unit of Internal Medicine “G. Baccelli”, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro” Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.M.); (A.V.); (R.R.)
| | - Roberto Ria
- Operative Unit of Internal Medicine “G. Baccelli”, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro” Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.M.); (A.V.); (R.R.)
| | - Mario Testini
- Academic General Surgery Unit “V. Bonomo”, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro” Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (L.I.S.); (A.P.); (G.D.M.); (A.G.); (F.P.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-3355370914
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Han Y, Yu X, Yin Y, Lv Z, Jia C, Liao Y, Sun H, Liu T, Cong L, Fei Z, Fu D, Cong X, Qu S. Identification of Potential BRAF Inhibitor Joint Therapy Targets in PTC based on WGCAN and DCGA. J Cancer 2021; 12:1779-1791. [PMID: 33613767 PMCID: PMC7890315 DOI: 10.7150/jca.51551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
As the most common mutation in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), B-type Raf kinase V600E mutation (BRAFV600E ) has become an important target for the clinical treatment of PTC. However, the clinical application still faces the problem of resistance to BRAF inhibitors (BRAFi). Therefore, exploring BRAFV600E-associated prognostic factors to providing potential joint targets is important for combined targeted therapy with BRAFi. In this study, we combined transcript data and clinical information from 199 BRAF wild-type (BRAFWT ) patients and 283 BRAFV600E mutant patients collected from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and screened 455 BRAFV600E- associated genes through differential analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis. Based on these BRAFV600E -associated genes, we performed functional enrichment analysis and co-expression differential analysis and constructed a core co-expression network. Next, genes in the differential co-expression network were used to predict drugs for therapy in the crowd extracted expression of differential signatures (CREEDS) database, and the key genes were selected based on the hub co-expression network through survival analyses and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses. Finally, we obtained eight BRAFV600E -associated biomarkers with both prognostic and diagnostic values as potential BRAFi joint targets, including FN1, MET, SLC34A2, NGEF, TBC1D2, PLCD3, PROS1, and NECTIN4. Among these genes, FN1, MET, PROS1, and TBC1D2 were validated through GEO database. Two novel biomarkers, PROS1 and TBC1D2, were further validated by qRT-PCR experiment. Besides, we obtained four potential targeted drugs that could be used in combination with BRAFi to treat PTC, including MET inhibitor, ERBB3 inhibitor, anti-NaPi2b antibody-drug conjugate, and carboplatin through literature review. The study provided potential drug targets for combination therapy with BRAFi for PTC to overcome the drug resistance for BRAFi.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- YaLi Han
- Shanghai Center for Thyroid Disease, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - XiaQing Yu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - YuZhen Yin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongwei Lv
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - ChengYou Jia
- Shanghai Center for Thyroid Disease, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yina Liao
- Shanghai Center for Thyroid Disease, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongyan Sun
- Department of biobank, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Tie Liu
- Department of biobank, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lele Cong
- Department of biobank, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - ZhaoLiang Fei
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Da Fu
- Central Laboratory for Medical Research, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianling Cong
- Department of biobank, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shen Qu
- Shanghai Center for Thyroid Disease, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Iesato A, Nucera C. Tumor Microenvironment-Associated Pericyte Populations May Impact Therapeutic Response in Thyroid Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1329:253-269. [PMID: 34664244 PMCID: PMC9839315 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-73119-9_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy, and aggressive radioactive iodine refractory thyroid carcinomas still lack an effective treatment. A deeper understanding of tumor heterogeneity and microenvironment will be critical to establishing new therapeutic approaches. One of the important influencing factors of tumor heterogeneity is the diversity of cells in the tumor microenvironment. Among these are pericytes, which play an important role in blood vessel stability and angiogenesis, as well as tumor growth and metastasis. Pericytes also have stem cell-like properties and are a heterogeneous cell population, and their lineage, which has been challenging to define, may impact tumor resistance at different tumor stages. Pericytes are also important stroma cell types in the angiogenic microenvironment which express tyrosine-kinase (TK) pathways (e.g., PDGFR-β). Although TK inhibitors (TKI) and BRAFV600E inhibitors are currently used in the clinic for thyroid cancer, their efficacy is not durable and drug resistance often develops. Characterizing the range of distinct pericyte populations and distinguishing them from other perivascular cell types may enable the identification of their specific functions in the thyroid carcinoma vasculature. This remains an essential step in developing new therapeutic strategies. Also, assessing whether thyroid tumors hold immature and/or mature vasculature with pericyte populations coverage may be key to predicting tumor response to either targeted or anti-angiogenesis therapies. It is also critical to apply different markers in order to identify pericyte populations and characterize their cell lineage. This chapter provides an overview of pericyte ontogenesis and the lineages of diverse cell populations. We also discuss the role(s) and targeting of pericytes in thyroid carcinoma, as well as their potential impact on precision targeted therapies and drug resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asumi Iesato
- Human Thyroid Cancers Preclinical and Translational Research Program, Division of Experimental Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Center for Vascular Biology Research (CVBR), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carmelo Nucera
- Human Thyroid Cancers Preclinical and Translational Research Program, Division of Experimental Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Center for Vascular Biology Research (CVBR), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Wang P, Zeng Z, Lin C, Wang J, Xu W, Ma W, Xiang Q, Liu H, Liu SL. Thrombospondin-1 as a Potential Therapeutic Target: Multiple Roles in Cancers. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:2116-2136. [PMID: 32003661 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200128091506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Thrombospondin-1, an extracellular matrix protein, is the first identified natural angiogenesis inhibitor. Thrombospondin-1 participates in a great number of physiological and pathological processes, including cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions via a number of cell receptors, including CD36 and CD47, which plays a vital role in mediating inflammation and performs a promoting effect in pulmonary arterial vasculopathy and diabetes. Thrombospondin-1 consists of six domains, which combine with different molecules and participate in various functions in cancers, serving as a critical member in diverse pathways in cancers. Thrombospondin-1 works as a cancer promotor in some pathways but as a cancer suppressor in others, which makes it highly possible that its erroneous functioning might lead to opposite effects. Therefore, subdividing the roles of thrombospondin-1 and distinguishing them in cancers are necessary. Complex structure and multiple roles take disadvantage of the research and application of thrombospondin-1. Compared with the whole thrombospondin-1 protein, each thrombospondin- 1 active peptide performs an uncomplicated structure and, nevertheless, a specific role. In other words, various thrombospondin-1 active peptides may function differently. For instance, thrombospondin-1 could both promote and inhibit glioblastoma, which is significantly inhibited by the three type I repeats, a thrombospondin-1 active peptide but promoted by the fragment 167-569, a thrombospondin-1 active peptide consisting of the procollagen homology domain and the three type I repeats. Further studies of the functions of thrombospondin-1 active peptides and applying them reasonably are necessary. In addition to mediating cancerogenesis, thrombospondin-1 is also affected by cancer development, as reflected by its expression in plasma and the cancer tissue. Therefore, thrombospondin-1 may be a potential biomarker for pre-clinical and clinical application. This review summarizes findings on the multiple roles of thrombospondin-1 in cancer processes, with a focus on its use as a potential therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Wang
- Genomics Research Center (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.,HMU-UCCSM Centre for Infection and Genomics, Harbin, 150081, China.,Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zheng Zeng
- Genomics Research Center (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.,HMU-UCCSM Centre for Infection and Genomics, Harbin, 150081, China.,Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Caiji Lin
- Genomics Research Center (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.,HMU-UCCSM Centre for Infection and Genomics, Harbin, 150081, China.,Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jiali Wang
- Genomics Research Center (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.,HMU-UCCSM Centre for Infection and Genomics, Harbin, 150081, China.,Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Wenwen Xu
- Genomics Research Center (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.,HMU-UCCSM Centre for Infection and Genomics, Harbin, 150081, China.,Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Wenqing Ma
- Genomics Research Center (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.,HMU-UCCSM Centre for Infection and Genomics, Harbin, 150081, China.,Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Qian Xiang
- Genomics Research Center (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.,HMU-UCCSM Centre for Infection and Genomics, Harbin, 150081, China.,Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Huidi Liu
- Genomics Research Center (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.,HMU-UCCSM Centre for Infection and Genomics, Harbin, 150081, China.,Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang, China.,Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, T2N 4N1, Canada.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Shu-Lin Liu
- Genomics Research Center (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.,HMU-UCCSM Centre for Infection and Genomics, Harbin, 150081, China.,Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang, China.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, T2N 4N1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Navarro R, Tapia-Galisteo A, Martín-García L, Tarín C, Corbacho C, Gómez-López G, Sánchez-Tirado E, Campuzano S, González-Cortés A, Yáñez-Sedeño P, Compte M, Álvarez-Vallina L, Sanz L. TGF-β-induced IGFBP-3 is a key paracrine factor from activated pericytes that promotes colorectal cancer cell migration and invasion. Mol Oncol 2020; 14:2609-2628. [PMID: 32767843 PMCID: PMC7530788 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The crosstalk between cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment has been implicated in cancer progression and metastasis. Fibroblasts and immune cells are widely known to be attracted to and modified by cancer cells. However, the role of pericytes in the tumor microenvironment beyond endothelium stabilization is poorly understood. Here, we report that pericytes promoted colorectal cancer (CRC) cell proliferation, migration, invasion, stemness, and chemoresistance in vitro, as well as tumor growth in a xenograft CRC model. We demonstrate that coculture with human CRC cells induced broad transcriptomic changes in pericytes, mostly associated with TGF-β receptor activation. The prognostic value of a TGF-β response signature in pericytes was analyzed in CRC patient data sets. This signature was found to be a good predictor of CRC relapse. Moreover, in response to stimulation by CRC cells, pericytes expressed high levels of TGF-β1, initiating an autocrine activation loop. Investigation of secreted mediators and underlying molecular mechanisms revealed that IGFBP-3 is a key paracrine factor from activated pericytes affecting CRC cell migration and invasion. In summary, we demonstrate that the interplay between pericytes and CRC cells triggers a vicious cycle that stimulates pericyte cytokine secretion, in turn increasing CRC cell tumorigenic properties. Overall, we provide another example of how cancer cells can manipulate the tumor microenvironment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Navarro
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Biomedical Research Institute Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Tapia-Galisteo
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Biomedical Research Institute Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Martín-García
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Biomedical Research Institute Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Tarín
- Bioinformatics Unit, Biomedical Research Institute Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana, Madrid, Spain.,Basic Medical Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad San Pablo CEU, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cesáreo Corbacho
- Pathology Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Gómez-López
- Bioinformatics Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Sánchez-Tirado
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Campuzano
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Araceli González-Cortés
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Yáñez-Sedeño
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Compte
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Biomedical Research Institute Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Álvarez-Vallina
- Immunotherapy and Cell Engineering Laboratory, Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Cancer Immunotherapy Unit (UNICA), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,Immuno-oncology and Immunotherapy Group, Biomedical Research Institute 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Sanz
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Biomedical Research Institute Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
The Possible Role of Cancer Stem Cells in the Resistance to Kinase Inhibitors of Advanced Thyroid Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082249. [PMID: 32796774 PMCID: PMC7465706 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Target therapy with various kinase inhibitors (KIs) has been extended to patients with advanced thyroid cancer, but only a subset of these compounds has displayed efficacy in clinical use. However, after an initial response to KIs, dramatic disease progression occurs in most cases. With the discovery of cancer stem cells (CSCs), it is possible to postulate that thyroid cancer resistance to KI therapies, both intrinsic and acquired, may be sustained by this cell subtype. Indeed, CSCs have been considered as the main drivers of metastatic activity and therapeutic resistance, because of their ability to generate heterogeneous secondary cell populations and survive treatment by remaining in a quiescent state. Hence, despite the impressive progress in understanding of the molecular basis of thyroid tumorigenesis, drug resistance is still the major challenge in advanced thyroid cancer management. In this view, definition of the role of CSCs in thyroid cancer resistance may be crucial to identifying new therapeutic targets and preventing resistance to anti-cancer treatments and tumor relapse. The aim of this review is to elucidate the possible role of CSCs in the development of resistance of advanced thyroid cancer to current anti-cancer therapies and their potential implications in the management of these patients.
Collapse
|
33
|
MacDonald L, Jenkins J, Purvis G, Lee J, Franco AT. The Thyroid Tumor Microenvironment: Potential Targets for Therapeutic Intervention and Prognostication. Discov Oncol 2020; 11:205-217. [PMID: 32548798 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-020-00390-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy and incidences are rising rapidly, in both pediatric and adult populations. Many thyroid tumors are successfully treated which results in low mortality rates, but there is often a significant morbidity associated with thyroid cancer treatments. For patients with tumors that are not successfully treated with surgical resection or radioactive iodine treatment, prognosis is dramatically reduced. Patients diagnosed with anaplastic thyroid cancer face a very grim prognosis with a median survival of 6 months post-diagnosis. There is a critical need to identify patients who are at greatest risk of developing persistent disease and progressing to poorly differentiated or anaplastic disease. Furthermore, development of treatments associated with less morbidity would represent a significant improvement for thyroid cancer survivors. It is well established the stromal cells and components of the tumor microenvironment can drive tumor progression and resistance to therapy. Here we review the current state of what is known regarding the thyroid tumor microenvironment and how these factors may contribute to thyroid tumor pathogenesis. Study of the tumor microenvironment within thyroid cancer is a relatively new field, and more studies are needed to dissect the complex and dynamic crosstalk between thyroid tumor cells and its tumor niche.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Grace Purvis
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joshua Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Aime T Franco
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Xie YH, Chen YX, Fang JY. Comprehensive review of targeted therapy for colorectal cancer. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:22. [PMID: 32296018 PMCID: PMC7082344 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-0116-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 749] [Impact Index Per Article: 187.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is among the most lethal and prevalent malignancies in the world and was responsible for nearly 881,000 cancer-related deaths in 2018. Surgery and chemotherapy have long been the first choices for cancer patients. However, the prognosis of CRC has never been satisfying, especially for patients with metastatic lesions. Targeted therapy is a new optional approach that has successfully prolonged overall survival for CRC patients. Following successes with the anti-EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) agent cetuximab and the anti-angiogenesis agent bevacizumab, new agents blocking different critical pathways as well as immune checkpoints are emerging at an unprecedented rate. Guidelines worldwide are currently updating the recommended targeted drugs on the basis of the increasing number of high-quality clinical trials. This review provides an overview of existing CRC-targeted agents and their underlying mechanisms, as well as a discussion of their limitations and future trends.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Hong Xie
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 145 Middle Shandong Road, 200001, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying-Xuan Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 145 Middle Shandong Road, 200001, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jing-Yuan Fang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 145 Middle Shandong Road, 200001, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Pottier C, Fresnais M, Gilon M, Jérusalem G, Longuespée R, Sounni NE. Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Cancer: Breakthrough and Challenges of Targeted Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12030731. [PMID: 32244867 PMCID: PMC7140093 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12030731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are key regulatory signaling proteins governing cancer cell growth and metastasis. During the last two decades, several molecules targeting RTKs were used in oncology as a first or second line therapy in different types of cancer. However, their effectiveness is limited by the appearance of resistance or adverse effects. In this review, we summarize the main features of RTKs and their inhibitors (RTKIs), their current use in oncology, and mechanisms of resistance. We also describe the technological advances of artificial intelligence, chemoproteomics, and microfluidics in elaborating powerful strategies that could be used in providing more efficient and selective small molecules inhibitors of RTKs. Finally, we discuss the interest of therapeutic combination of different RTKIs or with other molecules for personalized treatments, and the challenge for effective combination with less toxic and off-target effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles Pottier
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, GIGA-Cancer and GIGA-I3, GIGA-Research, University Hospital of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (M.G.); (N.E.S.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium;
- Correspondence:
| | - Margaux Fresnais
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.F.); (R.L.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)-German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marie Gilon
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, GIGA-Cancer and GIGA-I3, GIGA-Research, University Hospital of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (M.G.); (N.E.S.)
| | - Guy Jérusalem
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium;
| | - Rémi Longuespée
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.F.); (R.L.)
| | - Nor Eddine Sounni
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, GIGA-Cancer and GIGA-I3, GIGA-Research, University Hospital of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (M.G.); (N.E.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Veschi V, Verona F, Lo Iacono M, D'Accardo C, Porcelli G, Turdo A, Gaggianesi M, Forte S, Giuffrida D, Memeo L, Todaro M. Cancer Stem Cells in Thyroid Tumors: From the Origin to Metastasis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:566. [PMID: 32982967 PMCID: PMC7477072 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid tumors are extremely heterogeneous varying from almost benign tumors with good prognosis as papillary or follicular tumors, to the undifferentiated ones with severe prognosis. Recently, several models of thyroid carcinogenesis have been described, mostly hypothesizing a major role of the thyroid cancer stem cell (TCSC) population in both cancer initiation and metastasis formation. However, the cellular origin of TCSC is still incompletely understood. Here, we review the principal epigenetic mechanisms relevant to TCSC origin and maintenance in both well-differentiated and anaplastic thyroid tumors. Specifically, we describe the alterations in DNA methylation, histone modifiers, and microRNAs (miRNAs) involved in TCSC survival, focusing on the potential of targeting aberrant epigenetic modifications for developing novel therapeutic approaches. Moreover, we discuss the bidirectional relationship between TCSCs and immune cells. The cells of innate and adaptive response can promote the TCSC-driven tumorigenesis, and conversely, TCSCs may favor the expansion of immune cells with protumorigenic functions. Finally, we evaluate the role of the tumor microenvironment and the complex cross-talk of chemokines, hormones, and cytokines in regulating thyroid tumor initiation, progression, and therapy refractoriness. The re-education of the stromal cells can be an effective strategy to fight thyroid cancer. Dissecting the genetic and epigenetic landscape of TCSCs and their interactions with tumor microenvironment cells is urgently needed to select more appropriate treatment and improve the outcome of patients affected by advanced differentiated and undifferentiated thyroid cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Veschi
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences (DICHIRONS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Verona
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences (DICHIRONS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Melania Lo Iacono
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences (DICHIRONS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Caterina D'Accardo
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Gaetana Porcelli
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences (DICHIRONS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alice Turdo
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Miriam Gaggianesi
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences (DICHIRONS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Stefano Forte
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology (IOM), Catania, Italy
| | - Dario Giuffrida
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology (IOM), Catania, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Memeo
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology (IOM), Catania, Italy
| | - Matilde Todaro
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- *Correspondence: Matilde Todaro
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Jiang X, Xu J, Liu M, Xing H, Wang Z, Huang L, Mellor AL, Wang W, Wu S. Adoptive CD8 + T cell therapy against cancer:Challenges and opportunities. Cancer Lett 2019; 462:23-32. [PMID: 31356845 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy is a new and promising option for cancer treatment. Unlike traditional chemo- and radiotherapy, immunotherapy actives host immune system to attack malignancies, and this potentially offers long-term protection from recurrence with less toxicity in comparison to conventional chemo- and radiation therapy. In adoptive CD8+ T cell therapy (ACT), large numbers of tumor-specific T cells are sourced from patients and expanded in vitro and infused back to patients. T cells can be expanded from naturally-induced tumor-specific CD8+ T cells isolated from tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) or genetically-modified autologous circulating CD8+ T cells. The engineered T cells expressed tumor-specific antigen receptors including chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) and T cell receptors (TCRs), prepared from cultured B and T cell clones, respectively. The most successful ACT, anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy directed against B cell lymphoma, is already approved for use based on evidence of efficacy. Efficacy of solid tumors is not yet forthcoming. This review summarizes current technology developments using ACT in clinical trials. In this review, differences between various ACT approaches are discussed. Furthermore, resistance factors in the tumor microenvironment are also considered, as are immune related adverse effects, critical clinic monitoring parameters and potential mitigation approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotao Jiang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiang Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Huai'an Second People's Hospital, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingfeng Liu
- Department of Breast, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hui Xing
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Xiangyang, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhiming Wang
- Sino-British Research Center for Molecular Oncology, National Center for the International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lei Huang
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Framlington Place, Newcastle University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, United Kingdom.
| | - Andrew L Mellor
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Framlington Place, Newcastle University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, United Kingdom.
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Sha Wu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Murugan AK, Liu R, Xing M. Identification and characterization of two novel oncogenic mTOR mutations. Oncogene 2019; 38:5211-5226. [PMID: 30918329 PMCID: PMC6597304 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0787-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling is often aberrantly activated, particularly when genetically altered, in human cancers. mTOR inhibitors targeting the activated mTOR signaling are highly promising anti-cancer drugs. Knowing the activating genetic change in mTOR can help guide the use of mTOR inhibitors for cancer treatment. This study was conducted to identify and characterize novel oncogenic mTOR mutations that can potentially be therapeutic targets in human cancer. We sequenced 30 exons of the mTOR gene in 12 thyroid cancer cell lines, 3 melanoma cell lines, 20 anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) tumors, and 23 melanoma tumors and functionally characterized the identified novel mTOR mutations in vitro and in vivo. We identified a novel point mutation A1256G in ATC cell line and G7076A in melanoma tumor in exon 9 and exon 51 of the mTOR gene, respectively. Over-expression of the corresponding mTOR mutants H419R and G2359E created through induced mutagenesis showed markedly elevated protein kinase activities associated with the activation of mTOR/p70S6K signaling in HEK293T cells. Stable expression of the two mTOR mutants in NIH3T3 cells strongly activated the mTOR/p70S6K signaling pathway and induced morphologic transformation, cell focus formation, anchorage-independent cell growth, and invasion. Inoculation of these mutant-expressing cells in athymic nude mice induced rapid tumor development, showing their driving oncogenicity. We also demonstrated that transfection with the novel mutants conferred cells high sensitivities to the mTOR inhibitor temsirolimus. We speculate that human cancers harboring these mTOR mutations, such as ATC and melanoma, may be effectively treated with inhibitors targeting mTOR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Avaniyapuram Kannan Murugan
- Laboratory for Cellular and Molecular Thyroid Research, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Rengyun Liu
- Laboratory for Cellular and Molecular Thyroid Research, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Mingzhao Xing
- Laboratory for Cellular and Molecular Thyroid Research, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Qu Y, Dou B, Tan H, Feng Y, Wang N, Wang D. Tumor microenvironment-driven non-cell-autonomous resistance to antineoplastic treatment. Mol Cancer 2019; 18:69. [PMID: 30927928 PMCID: PMC6441162 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-019-0992-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance is of great concern in cancer treatment because most effective drugs are limited by the development of resistance following some periods of therapeutic administration. The tumor microenvironment (TME), which includes various types of cells and extracellular components, mediates tumor progression and affects treatment efficacy. TME-mediated drug resistance is associated with tumor cells and their pericellular matrix. Noninherent-adaptive drug resistance refers to a non-cell-autonomous mechanism in which the resistance lies in the treatment process rather than genetic or epigenetic changes, and this mechanism is closely related to the TME. A new concept is therefore proposed in which tumor cell resistance to targeted therapy may be due to non-cell-autonomous mechanisms. However, knowledge of non-cell-autonomous mechanisms of resistance to different treatments is not comprehensive. In this review, we outlined TME factors and molecular events involved in the regulation of non-cell-autonomous resistance of cancer, summarized how the TME contributes to non-cell-autonomous drug resistance in different types of antineoplastic treatment, and discussed the novel strategies to investigate and overcome the non-cell-autonomous mechanism of cancer non-cell-autonomous resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yidi Qu
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Bo Dou
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Horyue Tan
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yibin Feng
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Ning Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Di Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China. .,School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Valvo V, Nucera C. Coding Molecular Determinants of Thyroid Cancer Development and Progression. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 2019; 48:37-59. [PMID: 30717910 PMCID: PMC6366338 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecl.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy. Its incidence and mortality rates have increased for patients with advanced-stage papillary thyroid cancer. The characterization of the molecular pathways essential in thyroid cancer initiation and progression has made huge progress, underlining the role of intracellular signaling to promote clonal evolution, dedifferentiation, metastasis, and drug resistance. The discovery of genetic alterations that include mutations (BRAF, hTERT), translocations, deletions (eg, 9p), and copy-number gain (eg, 1q) has provided new biological insights with clinical applications. Understanding how molecular pathways interplay is one of the key strategies to develop new therapeutic treatments and improve prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Valvo
- Laboratory of Human Thyroid Cancers Preclinical and Translational Research, Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, Cancer Research Institute (CRI), Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 99 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Pathology, Center for Vascular Biology Research (CVBR), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 99 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Carmelo Nucera
- Laboratory of Human Thyroid Cancers Preclinical and Translational Research, Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Pathology, Cancer Research Institute (CRI), Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 99 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Pathology, Center for Vascular Biology Research (CVBR), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 99 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
McGonagle ER, Nucera C. Clonal Reconstruction of Thyroid Cancer: An Essential Strategy for Preventing Resistance to Ultra-Precision Therapy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:468. [PMID: 31379741 PMCID: PMC6657229 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The introduction of ultra-precision targeted therapy has become a significant advancement in cancer therapeutics by creating treatments with less off target effects. Specifically with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), the cancer's hallmark genetic mutation BRAFV600E can be targeted with selective inhibitors, such as vemurafenib. Despite initial positive tumor responses of regression and decreased viability, both single agent or combination agent drug treatments provide a selective pressure for drug resistant evolving clones within the overall heterogeneous tumor. Also, there are evidences suggesting that sequential monotherapy is ineffective and selects for resistant and ultimately lethal tumor clones. Reconstructing both clonal and subclonal thyroid tumor heterogeneous cell clusters for somatic mutations and epigenetic profile, copy number variation, cytogenetic alterations, and non-coding RNA expression becomes increasingly critical as different clonal enrichments implicate how the tumor may respond to drug treatment and dictate its invasive, metastatic, and progressive abilities, and predict prognosis. Therefore, development of novel preclinical and clinical empirical models supported by mathematical assessment will be the tools required for estimating the parameters of clonal and subclonal evolution, and unraveling the dormant vs. non-dormant state of thyroid cancer. In sum, novel experimental models performing the reconstruction both pre- and post-drug treatment of the thyroid tumor will enhance our understanding of clonal and sub-clonal reconstruction and tumor evolution exposed to treatments during ultra-precision targeted therapies. This approach will improve drug development strategies in thyroid oncology and identification of disease-specific biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R. McGonagle
- Division of Experimental Biology, Laboratory of Human Thyroid Cancers Preclinical and Translational Research, Department of Pathology, Cancer Research Institute (CRI), Center for Vascular Biology Research (CVBR), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Carmelo Nucera
- Division of Experimental Biology, Laboratory of Human Thyroid Cancers Preclinical and Translational Research, Department of Pathology, Cancer Research Institute (CRI), Center for Vascular Biology Research (CVBR), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Carmelo Nucera
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Microvascular Mural Cells in Cancer. Trends Cancer 2018; 4:838-848. [PMID: 30470305 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Microvascular mural cells (MMCs) are important regulators of tumor vessel properties, such as endothelial cell differentiation and vessel permeability, and are recognized as modulators of tumor angiogenesis and growth. Emerging experimental studies suggest impact of MMCs on additional aspects of tumor biology, exerted by functionally distinct subsets. These have been shown to control metastasis both in primary tumors and in the premetastatic niche. Other studies link marker-defined MMCs to tumor immune surveillance and drug sensitivity. In parallel, recent efforts to profile MMCs in clinical samples are confirming the existence of clinically relevant marker-defined MMC subsets which show marker- and tumor-type- specific associations with prognosis and response to treatment. Collectively, findings encourage to continued analyses of MMC subsets as candidate biomarkers and drug targets.
Collapse
|