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Taylor SJ, Hollis RL, Gourley C, Herrington CS, Langdon SP, Arends MJ. RFWD3 modulates response to platinum chemotherapy and promotes cancer associated phenotypes in high grade serous ovarian cancer. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1389472. [PMID: 38711848 PMCID: PMC11071161 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1389472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Background DNA damage repair is frequently dysregulated in high grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC), which can lead to changes in chemosensitivity and other phenotypic differences in tumours. RFWD3, a key component of multiple DNA repair and maintenance pathways, was investigated to characterise its impact in HGSOC. Methods RFWD3 expression and association with clinical features was assessed using in silico analysis in the TCGA HGSOC dataset, and in a further cohort of HGSOC tumours stained for RFWD3 using immunohistochemistry. RFWD3 expression was modulated in cell lines using siRNA and CRISPR/cas9 gene editing, and cells were characterised using cytotoxicity and proliferation assays, flow cytometry, and live cell microscopy. Results Expression of RFWD3 RNA and protein varied in HGSOCs. In cell lines, reduction of RFWD3 expression led to increased sensitivity to interstrand crosslinking (ICL) inducing agents mitomycin C and carboplatin. RFWD3 also demonstrated further functionality outside its role in DNA damage repair, with RFWD3 deficient cells displaying cell cycle dysregulation, reduced cellular proliferation and reduced migration. In tumours, low RFWD3 expression was associated with increased tumour mutational burden, and complete response to platinum chemotherapy. Conclusion RFWD3 expression varies in HGSOCs, which can lead to functional effects at both the cellular and tumour levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J. Taylor
- Edinburgh Pathology, Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Nicola Murray Centre for Ovarian Cancer Research, Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Robert L. Hollis
- Nicola Murray Centre for Ovarian Cancer Research, Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Charlie Gourley
- Nicola Murray Centre for Ovarian Cancer Research, Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - C. Simon Herrington
- Edinburgh Pathology, Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Nicola Murray Centre for Ovarian Cancer Research, Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Simon P. Langdon
- Edinburgh Pathology, Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Mark J. Arends
- Edinburgh Pathology, Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Herrington CS, Oswald AJ, Stillie LJ, Croy I, Churchman M, Hollis RL. Compartment-specific multiomic profiling identifies SRC and GNAS as candidate drivers of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in ovarian carcinosarcoma. Br J Cancer 2024; 130:327-335. [PMID: 38097740 PMCID: PMC10803731 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02508-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian carcinosarcoma (OCS) is an exceptionally aggressive and understudied ovarian cancer type harbouring distinct carcinomatous and sarcomatous compartments. Here, we seek to identify shared and compartment-specific events that may represent potential therapeutic targets and candidate drivers of sarcomatous compartment formation through epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). METHODS We performed multiomic profiling (exome sequencing, RNA-sequencing, microRNA profiling) of paired carcinomatous and sarcomatous components in 12 OCS cases. RESULTS While paired sarcomatous and carcinomatous compartments demonstrate substantial genomic similarities, multiple loci are recurrently copy number-altered between components; regions containing GNAS and SRC are recurrently gained within the sarcomatous compartment. CCNE1 gain is a common event in OCS, occurring more frequently than in high grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC). Transcriptomic analysis suggests increased MAPK activity and subtype switching toward poor prognosis HGSOC-derived transcriptomic subtypes within the sarcomatous component. The two compartments show global differences in microRNA profiles, with differentially expressed microRNAs targeting EMT-related genes (SIRT1, ZEB2) and regulators of pro-tumourigenic pathways (TGFβ, NOTCH); chrX is a highly enriched target of these microRNAs and is also frequently deleted across samples. The sarcomatous component harbours significantly fewer CD8-positive cells, suggesting poorer immune engagement. CONCLUSION CCNE1 gain and chrX loss are frequent in OCS. SRC gain, increased GNAS expression and microRNA dysregulation represent potential mechanisms driving sarcomatous compartment formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Simon Herrington
- The Nicola Murray Centre for Ovarian Cancer Research, Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ailsa J Oswald
- The Nicola Murray Centre for Ovarian Cancer Research, Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Lorna J Stillie
- The Nicola Murray Centre for Ovarian Cancer Research, Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre and Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Ian Croy
- The Nicola Murray Centre for Ovarian Cancer Research, Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Michael Churchman
- The Nicola Murray Centre for Ovarian Cancer Research, Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Robert L Hollis
- The Nicola Murray Centre for Ovarian Cancer Research, Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
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Sun X, Peng Y, Chen J, Lei J, Liu W, Li Z. Prognostic Value of Lymph Node Parameters in Elderly Patients With Stage III Serous Ovarian Cancer Based on Competing Risk Model. Am J Clin Oncol 2023; 46:337-345. [PMID: 37146258 DOI: 10.1097/coc.0000000000001011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Competing risk models were used in this study. The purpose of this study was to assess the predictive usefulness of lymph node characteristics in elderly patients with stage III serous ovarian cancer. METHODS We conducted a retrospective analysis on 148,598 patients from 2010 to 2016 using the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results database. Lymph node characteristics were collected and examined, including the number of lymph nodes retrieved the number of lymph nodes examined (ELN) and the number of positive lymph nodes (PN). Using competing risk models, we evaluated the connection between these variables and overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS). RESULTS This study included a total of 3457 ovarian cancer patients. Multivariate analysis using the COX proportional hazards model found that ELN>22 was an independent predictive factor for both OS (hazard ratio [HR] [95% CI]=0.688 [0.553 to 0.856], P <0.05) and DSS (HR [95% CI]=0.65 [0.512 to 0.826], P <0.001), PN>8 was identified as a significant risk factor for both OS (HR [95% CI]=0.908 [0.688 to 1.199], P =0.497) and DSS (HR [95% CI]=0.926 [0.684 to 1.254], P =0.62). Subsequently, using the competing risk model, ELN>22 was found to be an independent protective factor for DSS (HR [95% CI]=0.738 [0.574 to 0.949], P =0.018), while PN>8 was identified as a risk factor for DSS (HR [95% CI]=0.999 [0.731 to 1.366], P =1). CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate the robustness of the competing risk model to evaluate the results of the COX proportional hazards model analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangmei Sun
- Department of Ultrasound, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen
| | - Yaru Peng
- Department of Obstetricsand Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
| | - Jiaojiao Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen
| | - Jiahao Lei
- Department of Ultrasound, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen
| | - Weizong Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen
| | - Zhengyi Li
- Department of Ultrasound, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen
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Suzuki T, Conant A, Curow C, Alexander A, Ioffe Y, Unternaehrer JJ. Role of epithelial-mesenchymal transition factor SNAI1 and its targets in ovarian cancer aggressiveness. J Cancer Metastasis Treat 2023; 9:25. [PMID: 38009093 PMCID: PMC10673625 DOI: 10.20517/2394-4722.2023.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer remains the most lethal gynecologic malignancy in the USA. For over twenty years, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been characterized extensively in development and disease. The dysregulation of this process in cancer has been identified as a mechanism by which epithelial tumors become more aggressive, allowing them to survive and invade distant tissues. This occurs in part due to the increased expression of the EMT transcription factor, SNAI1 (Snail). In the case of epithelial ovarian cancer, Snail has been shown to contribute to cancer invasion, stemness, chemoresistance, and metabolic changes. Thus, in this review, we focus on summarizing current findings on the role of EMT (specifically, factors downstream of Snail) in determining ovarian cancer aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tise Suzuki
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Ashlyn Conant
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Casey Curow
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
- University of Redlands, Department of Biology, Redlands, CA 92373, USA
| | - Audrey Alexander
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
- Division of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, California Baptist University, Riverside, CA 92504, USA
| | - Yevgeniya Ioffe
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Juli J Unternaehrer
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
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Abstract
Ovarian carcinoma (OC) is an umbrella term for multiple distinct diseases (histotypes), each with their own developmental origins, clinical behaviour and molecular profile. Accordingly, OC management is progressing away from a one-size-fits all approach, toward more molecularly-driven, histotype-specific management strategies. Our knowledge of driver events in high grade serous OC, the most common histotype, has led to major advances in treatments, including PARP inhibitor use. However, these agents are not suitable for all patients, most notably for many of those with rare OC histotypes. Identification of additional targeted therapeutic strategies will require a detailed understanding of the molecular landscape in each OC histotype. Until recently, tumour profiling studies in rare histotypes were sparse; however, significant advances have been made over the last decade. In particular, reports of genomic characterisation in endometrioid, clear cell, mucinous and low grade serous OC have significantly expanded our understanding of mutational events in these tumour types. Nonetheless, substantial knowledge gaps remain. This review summarises our current understanding of each histotype, highlighting recent advances in these unique diseases and outlining immediate research priorities for accelerating progress toward improving patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L Hollis
- Nicola Murray Centre for Ovarian Cancer Research, Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, UK.
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