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Rakké YS, Buschow SI, IJzermans JNM, Sprengers D. Engaging stimulatory immune checkpoint interactions in the tumour immune microenvironment of primary liver cancers - how to push the gas after having released the brake. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1357333. [PMID: 38440738 PMCID: PMC10910082 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1357333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) are the first and second most common primary liver cancer (PLC). For decades, systemic therapies consisting of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) or chemotherapy have formed the cornerstone of treating advanced-stage HCC and CCA, respectively. More recently, immunotherapy using immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) has shown anti-tumour reactivity in some patients. The combination regimen of anti-PD-L1 and anti-VEGF antibodies has been approved as new first-line treatment of advanced-stage HCC. Furthermore, gemcibatine plus cisplatin (GEMCIS) with an anti-PD-L1 antibody is awaiting global approval for the treatment of advanced-stage CCA. As effective anti-tumour reactivity using ICI is achieved in a minor subset of both HCC and CCA patients only, alternative immune strategies to sensitise the tumour microenvironment of PLC are waited for. Here we discuss immune checkpoint stimulation (ICS) as additional tool to enhance anti-tumour reactivity. Up-to-date information on the clinical application of ICS in onco-immunology is provided. This review provides a rationale of the application of next-generation ICS either alone or in combination regimen to potentially enhance anti-tumour reactivity in PLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick S. Rakké
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC-Transplant Institute, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sonja I. Buschow
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-Cancer Institute-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jan N. M. IJzermans
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC-Transplant Institute, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Dave Sprengers
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-Cancer Institute-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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Li Y, Shu Y, Yu K, Ni R, Chu L. Analysis and Regulatory Mechanisms of Platelet-Related Genes in Patients with Ischemic Stroke. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2024; 44:15. [PMID: 38175286 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-023-01433-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
It was found that ischemic stroke (IS) was associated with abnormal platelet activity and thrombosis. However, the potential significance of platelet-related genes (PRGs) in IS still needs to be more thorough. This study extracted IS-related transcriptome datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The target genes were obtained by intersecting the differentially expressed genes (DEGs), the module genes related to IS, and PRGs, where the key genes of IS were screened by two machine learning algorithms. The key genes-based diagnostic model was constructed. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and the immune microenvironment analyses were analyzed targeting key genes in IS. The co-expression, TF-mRNA, and competitive endogenous RNAs (ceRNA) regulatory networks were constructed to reveal the potential regulation of key genes. Potential drugs targeting key genes were predicted as well. Totals of eight target genes were obtained and were associated with immune-related functions. Four platelet-related key genes were acquired, which were related to immunity and energy metabolism. The abnormal expressions of DOCK8, GIMAP5, ICOS were determined by the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and the significant correlations among these key genes were identified. Notably, hsa-miR-17-3p, hsa-miR-3158-3p, hsa-miR-423-3p, and hsa-miR-193a-8p could regulate all key genes at the same time. In addition, Caffeine, Carboplatin, and Vopratelimab were the targeted drugs of these key genes. This study identified four platelet-related key genes of IS, which might help to deepen the understanding of the role of platelet-related genes in the molecular mechanism of IS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Yuanlu Shu
- Department of Neurology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Kun Yu
- Department of Neurology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Ruihan Ni
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Lan Chu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China.
- Department of Neurology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China.
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Zhang Q, Yin L, Lai Q, Zhao Y, Peng H. Advances in the pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies of angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma. Clin Exp Med 2023; 23:4219-4235. [PMID: 37759042 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-023-01197-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) is an aggressive subtype of peripheral T-cell lymphomas with its cell origin determined to be follicular helper T-cells. AITL is characterized by a prominent tumor microenvironment involving dysregulation of immune cells, signaling pathways, and extracellular matrix. Significant progress has been made in the molecular pathophysiology of AITL, including genetic mutations, immune metabolism, hematopoietic-derived microenvironment, and non-hematopoietic microenvironment cells. Early diagnosis, detection of severe complications, and timely effective treatment are crucial for managing AITL. Treatment typically involves various combination chemotherapies, but the prognosis is often poor, and relapsed and refractory AITL remains challenging, necessitating improved treatment strategies. Therefore, this article provides an overview of the pathogenesis and latest advances in the treatment of AITL, with a focus on potential therapeutic targets, novel treatment strategies, and emerging immunotherapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyang Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Le Yin
- Department of Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Qinqiao Lai
- Department of Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Hongling Peng
- Department of Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Cell Immunotherapy for Hematopoietic Malignancies, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
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Gao J, Ren S, Choonoo G, Chen G, Frleta D, Zhong J, Gupta N, Sharma P, Oyejide A, Atwal GS, Macdonald L, Murphy A, Kuhnert F. Microenvironment-dependent growth of Sezary cells in humanized IL-15 mice. Dis Model Mech 2023; 16:dmm050190. [PMID: 37718909 PMCID: PMC10581384 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.050190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Sezary syndrome (SS) is a rare, aggressive leukemic variant of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) that lacks adequate therapeutic options and representative small-animal models. Here, we demonstrate that IL-15 is a critical CTCL growth factor. Importantly, an immunodeficient knock-in mouse model genetically engineered to express human IL-15 uniquely supported the growth of SS patient samples relative to conventional immunodeficient mouse strains. SS patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models recapacitated key pathological features of the human disease, including skin infiltration and spread of leukemic cells to the periphery, and maintained the dependence on human IL-15 upon serial in vivo passaging. Detailed molecular characterization of the engrafted cells by single-cell transcriptomic analysis revealed congruent neoplastic gene expression signatures but distinct clonal engraftment patterns. Overall, we document an important dependence of Sezary cell survival and proliferation on IL-15 signaling and the utility of immunodeficient humanized IL-15 mice as hosts for SS - and potentially other T and NK cell-derived hematologic malignancies - PDX model generation. Furthermore, these studies advocate the thorough molecular understanding of the resultant PDX models to maximize their translational impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Gao
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Shumei Ren
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | | | - Guoying Chen
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Davor Frleta
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Jun Zhong
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Namita Gupta
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Prachi Sharma
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | | | | | - Lynn Macdonald
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Andrew Murphy
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Frank Kuhnert
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
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Braun T, Schrader A. Education and Empowering Special Forces to Eradicate Secret Defectors: Immune System-Based Treatment Approaches for Mature T- and NK-Cell Malignancies. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15092532. [PMID: 37173999 PMCID: PMC10177197 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15092532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mature T- and NK-cell leukemia/lymphoma (MTCL/L) constitute a heterogeneous group of, currently, 30 distinct neoplastic entities that are overall rare, and all present with a challenging molecular markup. Thus, so far, the use of first-line cancer treatment modalities, including chemotherapies, achieve only limited clinical responses associated with discouraging prognoses. Recently, cancer immunotherapy has evolved rapidly, allowing us to help patients with, e.g., solid tumors and also relapsed/refractory B-cell malignancies to achieve durable clinical responses. In this review, we systematically unveiled the distinct immunotherapeutic approaches available, emphasizing the special impediments faced when trying to employ immune system defense mechanisms to target 'one of their own-gone mad'. We summarized the preclinical and clinical efforts made to employ the various platforms of cancer immunotherapies including antibody-drug conjugates, monoclonal as well as bispecific antibodies, immune-checkpoint blockades, and CAR T cell therapies. We emphasized the challenges to, but also the goals of, what needs to be done to achieve similar successes as seen for B-cell entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till Braun
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology, Aachen-Bonn-Cologne-Duesseldorf, Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Response and Aging-Associated Diseases, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexandra Schrader
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology, Aachen-Bonn-Cologne-Duesseldorf, Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Response and Aging-Associated Diseases, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Lymphoma Immuno Biology Team, Equipe Labellisée LIGUE 2023, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM U1111-CNRS UMR5308, Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I-ENS de Lyon, 69921 Lyon, France
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