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Hasanpour Segherlou Z, Nouri-Vaskeh M, Noroozi Guilandehi S, Baghbanzadeh A, Zand R, Baradaran B, Zarei M. GDF-15: Diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic significance in glioblastoma multiforme. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:5564-5581. [PMID: 33580506 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the commonest primary malignant brain tumor and has a remarkably weak prognosis. According to the aggressive form of GBM, understanding the accurate molecular mechanism associated with GBM pathogenesis is essential. Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) belongs to transforming growth factor-β superfamily with important roles to control biological processes. It affects cancer growth and progression, drug resistance, and metastasis. It also can promote stemness in many cancers, and also can stress reactions control, bone generation, hematopoietic growth, adipose tissue performance, and body growth, and contributes to cardiovascular disorders. The role GDF-15 to develop and progress cancer is complicated and remains unclear. GDF-15 possesses tumor suppressor properties, as well as an oncogenic effect. GDF-15 antitumorigenic and protumorigenic impacts on tumor development are linked to the cancer type and stage. However, the GDF-15 signaling and mechanism have not yet been completely identified because of no recognized cognate receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Masoud Nouri-Vaskeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Amir Baghbanzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ramin Zand
- Department of Neurology, Geisinger Health System, Danville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Zarei
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Izaguirre DI, Ng CW, Kwan SY, Kun EH, Tsang YTM, Gershenson DM, Wong KK. The Role of GDF15 in Regulating the Canonical Pathways of the Tumor Microenvironment in Wild-Type p53 Ovarian Tumor and Its Response to Chemotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12103043. [PMID: 33086658 PMCID: PMC7650722 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12103043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Patients with wild-type p53 ovarian cancer appear to have a poorer survival rate than those with mutant p53 due to resistance to chemotherapy. The mechanism underlying this observation is not clearly understood. The aim of this study was to identify potential biomarkers regulated by p53 that conferred resistance using in vitro and in vivo studies. Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) expression was demonstrated to be controlled by p53 in both ovarian cancer cell lines and orthotopic mouse models. The histological and RNAseq studies of the GDF15-knocked down, A2780 cell line-induced tumor revealed that the ratio and canonical pathways of stromal/tumor were modified by secretory GDF15. Abstract Background: The standard treatment of ovarian cancer is surgery followed by a chemotherapeutic combination consisting of a platinum agent, such as cisplatin and a taxane-like paclitaxel. We previously observed that patients with ovarian cancer wild-type for p53 had a poorer survival rate than did those with p53 mutations. Thus, a better understanding of the molecular changes of epithelial ovarian cancer cells with wild-type p53 in response to treatment with cisplatin could reveal novel mechanisms of chemoresistance. Methods: Gene expression profiling was performed on an ovarian cancer cell line A2780 with wild-type p53 treated with cisplatin. A gene encoding a secretory protein growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) was identified to be highly induced by cisplatin treatment in vitro. This was further validated in a panel of wild-type and mutant p53 ovarian cancer cell lines, as well as in mouse orthotopic models. The mouse tumor tissues were further analyzed by histology and RNA-seq. Results: GDF15 was identified as one of the highly induced genes by cisplatin or carboplatin in ovarian cancer cell lines with wild-type p53. The wild-type p53-induced expression of GDF15 and GDF15-confered chemotherapy resistance was further demonstrated in vitro and in vivo. This study also discovered that GDF15-knockdown (GDF15-KD) tumors had less stromal component and had different repertoires of activated and inhibited canonical pathways in the stromal cell and cancer cell components from that of the control tumors after cisplatin treatment. Conclusions: GDF15 expression from the wild-type p53 cancer cells can modulate the canonical pathways in the tumor microenvironment in response to cisplatin, which is a possible mechanism of chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisy I. Izaguirre
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (D.I.I.); (C.-W.N.); (S.-Y.K.); (E.H.K.); (Y.T.M.T.); (D.M.G.)
- Cancer Biology Program, MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Chun-Wai Ng
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (D.I.I.); (C.-W.N.); (S.-Y.K.); (E.H.K.); (Y.T.M.T.); (D.M.G.)
| | - Suet-Yan Kwan
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (D.I.I.); (C.-W.N.); (S.-Y.K.); (E.H.K.); (Y.T.M.T.); (D.M.G.)
- Cancer Biology Program, MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Eucharist H. Kun
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (D.I.I.); (C.-W.N.); (S.-Y.K.); (E.H.K.); (Y.T.M.T.); (D.M.G.)
| | - Yvonne T. M. Tsang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (D.I.I.); (C.-W.N.); (S.-Y.K.); (E.H.K.); (Y.T.M.T.); (D.M.G.)
| | - David M. Gershenson
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (D.I.I.); (C.-W.N.); (S.-Y.K.); (E.H.K.); (Y.T.M.T.); (D.M.G.)
| | - Kwong-Kwok Wong
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (D.I.I.); (C.-W.N.); (S.-Y.K.); (E.H.K.); (Y.T.M.T.); (D.M.G.)
- Cancer Biology Program, MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-713-792-0229
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Li L, Jones K, Mei H. Doublecotin-Like Kinase 1 Increases Chemoresistance of Colorectal Cancer Cells through the Anti-Apoptosis Pathway. JOURNAL OF STEM CELL RESEARCH & THERAPY 2019; 9. [PMID: 31372308 DOI: 10.4172/2157-7633.1000447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Colorectal Cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer diagnosed and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) are believed to be the primary reason for the recurrence of CRC. Specific stem cell marker, doublecortin-like kinase 1 (DCLK1) plays critical roles in the tumorigenesis and progression of CRC. Up-regulation of DCLK1 is correlated with poor prognosis. Whether DCLK1 is correlated with enhanced chemoresistance of CRC cells is unclear. We aim to reveal the association of DCLK1 with chemoresistance of CRC cells and the underlying molecular mechanisms. Methods Stable DCLK1 over-expression cells (DCLK1+) were established using the HCT116 cells (WT). DCLK1+ and WT cells were treated with 5-Fluorouracil (5-Fu) at different doses for 24 or 48 hours. MTT assay was used to evaluate cell viability and IC50 of 5-Fu was determined. Quantitative real-time PCR was applied to determine the gene expression of caspase-3 (casp-3), casp-4, and casp-10. Cleaved casp-3 expression was investigated using Western blot and immunofluorescence. Results Our results demonstrated that IC50 of 5-Fu for the DCLK1+ cells was significantly higher than that of the WT cells for both 24 and 48-hour treatment (p=0.002 and 0.048 respectively), indicating increased chemoresistance of the DCLK1+ cells. Gene expression of casp-3, casp-4, and casp-10 were significantly inhibited in the DCLK1+ cells after 5-Fu treatment compared to the WT cells (p=7.616e-08, 1.575e-05 and 5.307e-08, respectively). Cleaved casp-3 amount and casp-3 positive cells were significantly decreased in the DCLK1+ cells after 5-Fu treatment compared to the WT cells (p=0.015). Conclusions In conclusion, our results demonstrated that DCLK1 overexpression enhanced the chemoresistance of CRC cells to 5-Fu treatment by suppressing gene expression of key caspases in the apoptosis pathway and activation of the apoptosis pathway. DCLK1 can be an intriguing therapeutic target for the effective treatment of CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianna Li
- Biology Department, Tougaloo College, Tougaloo, USA
| | - Kierra Jones
- Biology Department, Tougaloo College, Tougaloo, USA
| | - Hao Mei
- Department of Data Science, University of Mississippi Medical Center, USA
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Tang X, Hu YJ, Ju WT, Fu Y, Sun WW, Liu Y, Tan YR, Wang LZ, Li J, Tu YY, Zhang CP, Zhang ZY, Zhong LP. Elevated growth differentiating factor 15 expression predicts long-term benefit of docetaxel, cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil induction chemotherapy in patients with oral cancer. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:8118-8124. [PMID: 29731919 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous phase 3 trial (NCT01542931) failed to demonstrate improved survival when docetaxel, cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil (TPF) induction chemotherapy was introduced prior to surgery and postoperative radiotherapy in patients with locally advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The aim of the present study was to investigate the long-term predictive value of GDF15 expression for potential personalized treatment strategies in OSCC. A total of 256 patients with stage III/IVA OSCC from our phase 3 trial were enrolled in the present study. Immunohistochemical staining against GDF15 was performed in the biopsy samples from 230/256 patients. Kaplan-Meier analysis, followed by the log-rank test, and the Cox proportional hazards model were used for outcome analysis using the statistical SPSS 18.0 software package for Windows. Among the 230 patients, low GDF15 expression was detected in 68 patients and high GDF15 expression was detected in 162 patients. With a median follow-up period of 67 months, the patients with low GDF15 expression exhibited a higher survival rate than those with high GDF15 expression, including 5-year overall survival (73.4 vs. 57.7%; P=0.059), 5-year disease-free survival (64.5 vs. 49.2%; P=0.033), 5-year locoregional recurrence-free survival (66.0 vs. 51.5%; P=0.043) and 5-year distant metastasis-free survival (73.4 vs. 56.6%; P=0.038) rates. Furthermore, the cT3/4N0M0 patients with high GDF15 expression benefited significantly from TPF induction chemotherapy, including overall survival (HR=0.233; P=0.02), disease-free survival (HR=0.296; P=0.014), locoregional recurrence-free survival (HR=0.347; P=0.035) and distant metastasis-free survival (HR=0.212; P=0.013) rates. The results of the present study suggested that elevated GDF15 expression may be used as a long-term prognostic biomarker for poor clinical outcomes in patients with locally advanced OSCC. Elevated GDF15 expression in cT3/4N0M0 patients predicts significant long-term benefit of survival from TPF induction chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Tang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Jie Hu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Wu-Tong Ju
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Yong Fu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Wen Sun
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Ran Tan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Li-Zhen Wang
- Department of Oral Pathology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Jiang Li
- Department of Oral Pathology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Yao-Yao Tu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Chen-Ping Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Lai-Ping Zhong
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
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Butera G, Pacchiana R, Donadelli M. Autocrine mechanisms of cancer chemoresistance. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 78:3-12. [PMID: 28751251 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
An ever-increasing number of studies highlight the role of cancer secretome in the modification of tumour microenvironment and in the acquisition of cancer cell resistance to therapeutic drugs. The knowledge of the mechanisms underlying the relationship between cancer cell-secreted factors and chemoresistance is becoming fundamental for the identification of novel anticancer therapeutic strategies overcoming drug resistance and novel prognostic secreted biomarkers. In this review, we summarize the novel findings concerning the regulation of secreted molecules by cancer cells compromising drug sensitivity. In particular, we highlight data from available literature describing the involvement of cancer cell-secreted molecules determining chemoresistance in an autocrine manner, including: i) growth factors; ii) glycoproteins; iii) inflammatory cytokines; iv) enzymes and chaperones; and v) tumor-derived exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Butera
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Biochemistry Section, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Raffaella Pacchiana
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Biochemistry Section, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Massimo Donadelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Biochemistry Section, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
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Codó P, Weller M, Kaulich K, Schraivogel D, Silginer M, Reifenberger G, Meister G, Roth P. Control of glioma cell migration and invasiveness by GDF-15. Oncotarget 2016; 7:7732-46. [PMID: 26741507 PMCID: PMC4884950 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth and differentiation factor (GDF)-15 is a member of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β family of proteins. GDF-15 levels are increased in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid of glioblastoma patients. Using a TCGA database interrogation, we demonstrate that high GDF-15 expression levels are associated with poor survival of glioblastoma patients. To elucidate the role of GDF-15 in glioblastoma in detail, we confirmed that glioma cells express GDF-15 mRNA and protein in vitro. To allow for a detailed functional characterization, GDF-15 expression was silenced using RNA interference in LNT-229 and LN-308 glioma cells. Depletion of GDF-15 had no effect on cell viability. In contrast, GDF-15-deficient cells displayed reduced migration and invasion, in the absence of changes in Smad2 or Smad1/5/8 phosphorylation. Conversely, exogenous GDF-15 stimulated migration and invasiveness. Large-scale expression profiling revealed that GDF-15 gene silencing resulted in minor changes in the miRNA profile whereas several genes, including members of the plasminogen activator/inhibitor complex, were deregulated at the mRNA level. One of the newly identified genes induced by GDF-15 gene silencing was the serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade E nexin group 1 (serpine1) which is induced by TGF-β and known to inhibit migration and invasiveness. However, serpine1 down-regulation alone did not mediate GDF-15-induced promotion of migration and invasiveness. Our findings highlight the complex contributions of GDF-15 to the invasive phenotype of glioma cells and suggest anti-GDF-15 approaches as a promising therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Codó
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Weller
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kerstin Kaulich
- Department of Neuropathology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Schraivogel
- Department of Biochemistry I, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Manuela Silginer
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Guido Reifenberger
- Department of Neuropathology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gunter Meister
- Department of Biochemistry I, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Roth
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Kuchárová B, Mikeš J, Jendželovský R, Vargová J, Mikešová L, Jendželovská Z, Kovaľ J, Fedoročko P. Potentiation of hypericin-mediated photodynamic therapy cytotoxicity by MK-886: Focus on ABC transporters, GDF-15 and redox status. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2015; 12:490-503. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2015.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Zhou YF, Xu LX, Huang LY, Guo F, Zhang F, He XY, Yuan YZ, Yao WY. Combined detection of serum UL16-binding protein 2 and macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 improves early diagnosis and prognostic prediction of pancreatic cancer. Oncol Lett 2014; 8:2096-2102. [PMID: 25295097 PMCID: PMC4186586 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.2429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related mortality in the United States. There is no effective serum biomarker for the early diagnosis of PC at present. Although serum UL16-binding protein 2 (ULBP2) and macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 (MIC-1) levels are reported to be elevated in PC patients, the diagnostic and prognostic value of ULBP2 and MIC-1 alone or in combination remains unknown. The aim of the present case-control study was to compare the diagnostic value of ULBP2, MIC-1 and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) in 359 serum samples, consisting of 152 cases of PC, 20 cases of pre-pancreatic cancer, 91 cases of chronic pancreatitis (CP) and 96 normal controls (NC). All patients were followed up for a median of 2 years. It was found that the serum levels of ULBP2, MIC-1 and CA19-9 were significantly higher in the PC patients compared with those in the NC group. In distinguishing PC from the CP, the highest sensitivity and specificity were ULBP2 (0.878) and CA19-9 (0.816), respectively. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of ULBP2 was 0.923, which was the highest of the three biomarkers. MIC-1 was the optimal choice for the diagnosis of early-stage PC (area under the curve, 0.831). Overall, MIC-1 in combination with ULBP2 improved the diagnostic accuracy in differentiating PC from CP and NC. In addition, a higher level of MIC-1 was correlated with a poorer prognosis, as calculated by the Kaplan-Meier test (P=0.039). Patients with serum MIC-1 levels of ≥1,932 ng/ml had a median survival time of 15.62±2.44 months (mean ± standard deviation) vs. 18.66±2.43 months in patients with a lower level of MIC-1. Overall, combined detection of serum MIC-1 and ULBP2 improved the diagnostic accuracy in differentiating PC from CP and NC, and serum MIC-1 level alone was a predictor of survival in the patients with PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Fen Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Ling-Xiao Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Li-Ya Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, P.R. China
| | - Fang Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xiang-Yi He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yao-Zong Yuan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Yan Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
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Bruzzese F, Hägglöf C, Leone A, Sjöberg E, Roca MS, Kiflemariam S, Sjöblom T, Hammarsten P, Egevad L, Bergh A, Ostman A, Budillon A, Augsten M. Local and systemic protumorigenic effects of cancer-associated fibroblast-derived GDF15. Cancer Res 2014; 74:3408-17. [PMID: 24780757 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-2259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The tumor stroma is vital to tumor development, progression, and metastasis. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) are among the abundant cell types in the tumor stroma, but the range of their contributions to cancer pathogenicity has yet to be fully understood. Here, we report a critical role for upregulation of the TGFβ/BMP family member GDF15 (MIC-1) in tumor stroma. GDF15 was found upregulated in situ and in primary cultures of CAF from prostate cancer. Ectopic expression of GDF15 in fibroblasts produced prominent paracrine effects on prostate cancer cell migration, invasion, and tumor growth. Notably, GDF15-expressing fibroblasts exerted systemic in vivo effects on the outgrowth of distant and otherwise indolent prostate cancer cells. Our findings identify tumor stromal cells as a novel source of GDF15 in human prostate cancer and illustrate a systemic mechanism of cancer progression driven by the tumor microenvironment. Further, they provide a functional basis to understand GDF15 as a biomarker of poor prognosis and a candidate therapeutic target in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Bruzzese
- Authors' Affiliations: Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori "Fondazione Giovanni Pascale"-IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Alessandra Leone
- Authors' Affiliations: Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori "Fondazione Giovanni Pascale"-IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Elin Sjöberg
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Serena Roca
- Authors' Affiliations: Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori "Fondazione Giovanni Pascale"-IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Sara Kiflemariam
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala; and
| | - Tobias Sjöblom
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala; and
| | - Peter Hammarsten
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, Umeå
| | - Lars Egevad
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Bergh
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, Umeå
| | - Arne Ostman
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alfredo Budillon
- Authors' Affiliations: Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori "Fondazione Giovanni Pascale"-IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Martin Augsten
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Aw Yong KM, Zeng Y, Vindivich D, Phillip JM, Wu PH, Wirtz D, Getzenberg RH. Morphological effects on expression of growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), a marker of metastasis. J Cell Physiol 2014; 229:362-73. [PMID: 23996089 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells typically demonstrate altered morphology during the various stages of disease progression as well as metastasis. While much is known about how altered cell morphology in cancer is a result of genetic regulation, less is known about how changes in cell morphology affect cell function by influencing gene expression. In this study, we altered cell morphology in different types of cancer cells by disrupting the actin cytoskeleton or by modulating attachment and observed a rapid up-regulation of growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), a member of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) super-family. Strikingly, this up-regulation was sustained as long as the cell morphology remained altered but was reversed upon allowing cell morphology to return to its typical configuration. The potential significance of these findings was examined in vivo using a mouse model: a small number of cancer cells grown in diffusion chambers that altered morphology increased mouse serum GDF15. Taken together, we propose that during the process of metastasis, cancer cells experience changes in cell morphology, resulting in the increased production and secretion of GDF15 into the surrounding environment. This indicates a possible relationship between serum GDF15 levels and circulating tumor cells may exist. Further investigation into the exact nature of this relationship is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koh Meng Aw Yong
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Department of Urology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Bosotti R, Carpinelli P, Healy S, Locatelli G, Cappella P, Lanfrancone L, Calogero R, Moll J, Isacchi A. Transcriptional analysis of the Aurora inhibitor Danusertib leading to biomarker identification in TP53 wild type cells. Gene 2012; 494:202-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2011.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2011] [Revised: 07/14/2011] [Accepted: 08/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Flanigan SA, Pitts TM, Eckhardt SG, Tentler JJ, Tan AC, Thorburn A, Leong S. The insulin-like growth factor I receptor/insulin receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor PQIP exhibits enhanced antitumor effects in combination with chemotherapy against colorectal cancer models. Clin Cancer Res 2010; 16:5436-46. [PMID: 20943761 PMCID: PMC3119523 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-10-2054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE There is growing evidence implicating the importance of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) pathway in colorectal cancer based upon the results of population studies and preclinical experiments. However, the combination of an IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR) inhibitor with standard colorectal cancer chemotherapies has not yet been evaluated. In this study, we investigated the interaction between PQIP, the dual IGF-IR/insulin receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, and standard chemotherapies in colorectal cancer cell line models. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The antiproliferative effects of PQIP, as a single agent and in combination with 5-fluorouracil, oxaliplatin, or SN38, were analyzed against four colorectal cancer cell lines. Downstream effector proteins, apoptosis, and cell cycle were also assessed in the combination of PQIP and SN-38. Lastly, the efficacy of OSI-906 (a derivative of PQIP) combined with irinotecan was further tested using a human colorectal cancer xenograft model. RESULTS Treatment with the combination of PQIP and each of three chemotherapies resulted in an enhanced decrease in proliferation of all four colorectal cancer cell lines compared with single-agent treatment. This inhibition was not associated with a significant induction of apoptosis, but was accompanied by cell cycle arrest and changes in phosphorylation of Akt. Interestingly, antitumor activity between PQIP and SN-38 in vitro was also reflected in the human colorectal cancer xenograft model. CONCLUSIONS Combination treatment with PQIP, the dual IGF-IR/insulin receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, and standard colorectal cancer chemotherapy resulted in enhanced antiproliferative effects against colorectal cancer cell line models, providing a scientific rationale for the testing of OSI-906 and standard colorectal cancer treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara A Flanigan
- Developmental Therapeutic Program, University of Colorado, 12801 E. 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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Mimeault M, Batra SK. Divergent molecular mechanisms underlying the pleiotropic functions of macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 in cancer. J Cell Physiol 2010; 224:626-35. [PMID: 20578239 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Multifunctional macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1, MIC-1, is a member of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily that plays key roles in the prenatal development and regulation of the cellular responses to stress signals and inflammation and tissue repair after acute injuries in adult life. The stringent control of the MIC-1 expression, secretion, and functions involves complex regulatory mechanisms and the interplay of other growth factor signaling networks that control the cell behavior. The deregulation of MIC-1 expression and signaling pathways has been associated with diverse human diseases and cancer progression. The MIC-1 expression levels substantially increase in cancer cells, serum, and/or cerebrospinal fluid during the progression of diverse human aggressive cancers, such as intracranial brain tumors, melanoma, and lung, gastrointestinal, pancreatic, colorectal, prostate, and breast epithelial cancers. Of clinical interest, an enhanced MIC-1 expression has been positively correlated with poor prognosis and patient survival. Secreted MIC-1 cytokine, like the TGF-beta prototypic member of the superfamily, may provide pleiotropic roles in the early and late stages of carcinogenesis. In particular, MIC-1 may contribute to the proliferation, migration, invasion, metastases, and treatment resistance of cancer cells as well as tumor-induced anorexia and weight loss in the late stages of cancer. Thus, secreted MIC-1 cytokine constitutes a new potential biomarker and therapeutic target of great clinical interest for the development of novel diagnostic and prognostic methods and/or cancer treatment against numerous metastatic, recurrent, and lethal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murielle Mimeault
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-5870, USA
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