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Constantinides M, Fayd’herbe De Maudave A, Potier-Cartereau M, Campos-Mora M, Cartron G, Villalba M. Direct Cell Death Induced by CD20 Monoclonal Antibodies on B Cell Lymphoma Cells Revealed by New Protocols of Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15041109. [PMID: 36831451 PMCID: PMC9954594 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
CD20 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) eliminate B cells in several clinical contexts. At least two of these Abs, obinutuzumab (OBI) and rituximab (RTX), induce quick elimination of targets and put cancer patients at risk of tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) within 12-24 h of the first dose. The mechanisms of killing can require the recruiting of effector mechanisms from the patient's immune system, but they can induce direct killing as well. This can be more rapid than recruiting cellular effectors and/or complement. We showed here that OBI and RTX induce quick (<1 h) and high (up to 60% for OBI) killing of two different B cell lines. This was unveiled by using two different techniques that circumvent cell centrifugation steps: a Muse® Cell Analyzer-based approach and a direct examination of the cells' physical properties by using forward scatter (FS) area and side scatter (SS) area by flow cytometry. These results excluded the presence of aggregates and were also confirmed by developing a normalized survival ratio based on the co-incubation of RTX- and OBI-sensitive cells with MOLM-13, an insensitive cell line. Finally, this normalized survival ratio protocol confirmed the RTX- and OBI-direct killing on primary tumor B cells from B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) and Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) patients. Moreover, we unveiled that direct killing is higher than previously expected and absent in patients' samples at relapse. We also observed that these mAbs, prior to increasing intracellular calcium levels, decrease calcium entry, although manipulating calcium levels did not affect their cytotoxicity. Altogether, our results show that direct killing is a major mechanism to induce cell death by RTX and OBI mAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Constantinides
- IRMB, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CHRU de Montpellier, F-34090 Montpellier, France
- Département d’Hématologie Clinique, CHRU de Montpellier, F-34090 Montpellier, France
| | | | - Marie Potier-Cartereau
- Inserm UMR 1069, Nutrition Croissance Cancer, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Tours, F-37032 Tours, France; Réseau 3MC “Molécules Marines, Métabolisme et Cancer” and Réseau CASTOR “Cancers des Tissus Hormono-Dépendants” Cancéropôle Grand Ouest, F-34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Mauricio Campos-Mora
- IRMB, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CHRU de Montpellier, F-34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Guillaume Cartron
- Département d’Hématologie Clinique, CHRU de Montpellier, F-34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Martin Villalba
- IRMB, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CHRU de Montpellier, F-34090 Montpellier, France
- IRMB, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, CHRU de Montpellier, F-34090 Montpellier, France
- Correspondence:
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Wang B, Guo H, Yu H, Chen Y, Xu H, Zhao G. The Role of the Transcription Factor EGR1 in Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:642547. [PMID: 33842351 PMCID: PMC8024650 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.642547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Early growth response factor 1 (EGR1) is a transcription factor that is mainly involved in the processes of tissue injury, immune responses, and fibrosis. Recent studies have shown that EGR1 is closely related to the initiation and progression of cancer and may participate in tumor cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis and in tumor angiogenesis. Nonetheless, the specific mechanism whereby EGR1 modulates these processes remains to be elucidated. This review article summarizes possible mechanisms of action of EGR1 in tumorigenesis and tumor progression and may serve as a reference for clinical efficacy predictions and for the discovery of new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hanfei Guo
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hongquan Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Haiyang Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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