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Gao J, Song Y, Kou X, Tan Z, Zhang S, Sun M, Zhou J, Fan M, Zhang M, Song Y, Li S, Yuan Y, Zhuang W, Zhang J, Zhang L, Jiang H, Gu K, Ye H, Ke Y, Qi X, Wang Q, Zhu J, Huang J. The effect of liver metastases on clinical efficacy of first-line programmed death-1 inhibitor plus chemotherapy in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: A post hoc analysis of ASTRUM-007 and meta-analysis. Cancer Med 2024; 13:e7203. [PMID: 38769930 PMCID: PMC11106639 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.7203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the efficacy of serplulimab plus chemotherapy in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients with liver metastases. METHODS A post hoc exploratory analysis of ASTRUM-007 study was performed, focusing on the association between the liver metastases status and the clinical outcomes. A systematic literature search of electronic databases was conducted to identify eligible randomized controlled trials for the meta-analysis. Study-level pooled analyses of hazard ratios (HRs) for PFS according to liver metastases were performed. RESULTS The post hoc analysis of ASTRUM-007 showed that although patients with liver metastases had a worse prognosis comparing with the non-liver metastases patients in both treatment arms (serplulimab plus chemotherapy arm: median PFS, 5.7 vs. 6.6 months, HR 1.57 [95% CI, 1.15-2.13]; median OS, 13.7 vs. 15.3 months, HR 1.48 [95% CI, 1.09-1.98]; placebo plus chemotherapy arm: median PFS, 4.3 vs. 5.5 months, HR 1.58 [95% CI, 1.01-2.39]; median OS, 10.3 vs. 11.2 months, HR 1.32 [95% CI, 0.84-2.00]), OS and PFS benefits derived from serplulimab plus chemotherapy versus placebo plus chemotherapy in this study were observed in both patients with liver metastases (HR of PFS: 0.60; 95% CI, 0.37-0.97; HR of OS: 0.68; 95% CI, 0.43-1.11) and the non-liver metastases patients (HR of PFS: 0.62; 95% CI, 0.49-0.80; HR of OS: 0.69; 95% CI, 0.55-0.87) with similar magnitude. Three randomized controlled trials were included in the meta-analysis. Pooled HRs demonstrated that the addition of anti-PD-1 antibodies significantly improved PFS compared to chemotherapy alone regardless of liver metastases status. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals that the presence of liver metastases is a poor prognostic factor but does not affect the improvements in both PFS and OS brought by adding PD-1 blockade to chemotherapy in ESCC patients. Predictive biomarkers for survival in these patients warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Gao
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Yan Song
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Xiaoge Kou
- Department of Medical OncologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangChina
| | - Zhenbo Tan
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryXingtai People's HospitalXingtaiChina
| | - Shu Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal OncologyShandong First Medical University Cancer Hospital, Shandong Cancer HospitalJinanChina
| | - Meili Sun
- Department of Medical OncologyCentral Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical UniversityJinanChina
| | - Jin Zhou
- Department of Medical OncologySichuan Cancer HospitalChengduChina
| | - Min Fan
- Department of Radiation OncologyFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Shanghai Chest HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yongxiang Song
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Suyi Li
- Department of Medical OncologyAnhui Provincial Cancer HospitalHefeiChina
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Department of Medical OncologyXuzhou Central HospitalXuzhouChina
| | - Wu Zhuang
- Department of Medical OncologyFujian Cancer HospitalFuzhouChina
| | - Jingdong Zhang
- Medical Oncology Department of Gastrointestinal CancerLiaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of OncologyChongqing University Three Gorges HospitalChongqingChina
| | - Hao Jiang
- Department of Radiation OncologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical CollegeBengbuChina
| | - Kangsheng Gu
- Department of Medical OncologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Huangyang Ye
- Department of Medical OncologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Ying Ke
- Shanghai Henlius Biotech, Inc.ShanghaiChina
| | - Xiao Qi
- Shanghai Henlius Biotech, Inc.ShanghaiChina
| | | | - Jun Zhu
- Shanghai Henlius Biotech, Inc.ShanghaiChina
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
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Hao W, Liu W, Chang R, Yang M, Xin K, Liu J, Wang Y, Ren M, Xie J, Yang Y. Safety and clinical efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced gastric cancer in the real world. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2024; 150:180. [PMID: 38587528 PMCID: PMC11001672 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-024-05703-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with advanced gastric cancer in the real world. METHODS The retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical records of 402 patients with advanced gastric cancer who were admitted to the Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital between December 2017 and April 2022 and who had received immunotherapy. Observation target: drug use, treatment, adverse reaction type and grade, objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), progression free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). RESULTS By retrospectively analyzing the data of patients with advanced gastric cancer treated with ICIs previously admitted to our medical center, we found some clinical characteristic factors associated with the occurrence of irAEs as well as the efficacy and prognosis: the presence or absence of hypertension, whether or not to receive targeted therapies can predict the occurrence of immune-related adverse events (irAEs), and the more the presence of irAEs, the better the prognosis. These can help clinicians in clinical drug selection. CONCLUSIONS The results of this paper show that the occurrence of irAEs is associated with patients' OS. irAEs occurrence can prolong patients' OS. irAEs occurrence may serve as a surrogate marker for ICIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Hao
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruimin Chang
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mi Yang
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Kai Xin
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingxin Liu
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yibing Wang
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Meijin Ren
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiaqi Xie
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
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Saberzadeh-Ardestani B, Jones JC, McWilliams RR, Tougeron D, Halfdanarson TR, Guimbaud R, Hubbard JM, Flecchia C, Shi Q, Alouani E, Sonbol MB, Ticku J, Jin Z, Taieb J, Sinicrope FA. Metastatic site and clinical outcome of patients with deficient mismatch repair metastatic colorectal cancer treated with an immune checkpoint inhibitor in the first-line setting. Eur J Cancer 2024; 196:113433. [PMID: 37979306 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2023.113433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Only one-half of deficient mismatch repair (d-MMR) metastatic colorectal cancers (mCRC) demonstrate durable responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Given preclinical data indicating that liver metastases sequester activated CD8+ T cells from systemic circulation, we examined clinical outcome by metastatic site. PATIENTS AND METHODS In a retrospective cohort of patients with d-MMR mCRCs treated at multiple centers in France (n = 66), we sought to validate data from a U.S. cohort, and performed pooled analysis (n = 104). All patients received first-line ICI monotherapy. Metastatic site was analyzed in relationship to tumor response (RECIST version 1.1), and with progression-free survival (PFS) by multivariable stratified Cox regression after adjustment for covariates. RESULTS Objective responses were achieved in 38/66 (58%) of patients in the validation cohort. Best tumor response included 13 (20%) complete responses (CR), 25 (38%) partial responses (PR), 16 (25%) stable disease, and 11 (17%) progressive disease (PD). One-year and 5-year PFS rates were 73% and 67%, respectively; 18 (27%) patients progressed during immunotherapy. Best tumor response was attenuated in patients with liver metastasis (P = 0.03). Presence of liver metastasis, but not other sites, was associated with significantly poorer PFS after adjustment for covariates (HRadj 2.82; 95%CI, 1.08-7.39; Padj=0.03). In a pooled analysis, liver metastasis remained significantly and independently associated with poorer PFS (HRadj 3.18; 95%CI, 1.52-6.67; Padj=0.002) and with attenuated tumor best response (P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Metastasis to the liver, but not other sites, was validated as an independent factor associated with poorer response and survival after ICI treatment in d-MMR mCRCs. These data underscore the need for novel therapeutic strategies in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeremy C Jones
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | - David Tougeron
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Poitiers University Hospital, Poitiers, France
| | | | - Rosine Guimbaud
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | | | - Clémence Flecchia
- Department of Gastroenterology and Digestive Oncology, European Georges Pompidou Hospital, AP-HP, Paris-Cité University, Paris, France
| | - Qian Shi
- Department of Quantitative Health Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Emily Alouani
- Digestive Medical Oncology Department, IUCT-Rangueil, Toulouse Hospital University, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | - Zhaohui Jin
- Division of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Julien Taieb
- Department of Gastroenterology and Digestive Oncology, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, AP-HP, Paris-Cité University, SIRIC CARPEM Comprehensive Cancer Center, Paris, France
| | - Frank A Sinicrope
- Gastrointestinal Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Division of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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Javed A, Arguello D, Johnston C, Gatalica Z, Terai M, Weight RM, Orloff M, Mastrangelo MJ, Sato T. PD-L1 expression in tumor metastasis is different between uveal melanoma and cutaneous melanoma. Immunotherapy 2018; 9:1323-1330. [PMID: 29185395 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2017-0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To compare PD-L1 expression between metastatic uveal melanoma (MUM) and metastatic cutaneous melanoma (MCM). MATERIALS & METHODS A total of 295 MCM and 78 MUM specimens were analyzed for tumor cell PD-L1 expression. Additionally, 91 MCM and 45 MUM specimens were analyzed for PD-1 expression on tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. RESULTS A total of 77/295 (26.1%) MCM specimens expressed PD-L1 as compared to 4/78 (5.1%) MUM specimens (p < 0.0001). PD-1 expression on tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes was greater in MCM (73.6%; 67/91) than in MUM (51.1%; 23/45), respectively (p = 0.009). CONCLUSION Significant differences exist in PD-L1 expression between MCM and MUM. The lower PD-L1 expression in MUM may provide a rationale for failure of PD-1 inhibitor therapy and suggests that immune evasion in this disease may occur via alternative mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asad Javed
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | | | | | | | - Mizue Terai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Ryan M Weight
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Marlana Orloff
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Michael J Mastrangelo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Takami Sato
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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Mansour M, Teo ZL, Luen SJ, Loi S. Advancing Immunotherapy in Metastatic Breast Cancer. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2017; 18:35. [PMID: 28534250 DOI: 10.1007/s11864-017-0478-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT Despite many advances in the treatment of breast cancer, the development of metastatic disease remains an incurable and frequent cause of cancer death for women worldwide. An improved understanding of the role of host immunosurveillance in modulating breast cancer disease biology, as well as impressive survival benefits seen to checkpoint blockade in other malignancies have provided great hope for an expanding role of immunotherapies in breast cancer management. While these novel therapies are currently being investigated in clinical trials, signals of efficacy, and tolerability in early phase studies suggest these will eventually make their way into standard practice algorithms. Ongoing research has highlighted a high degree of intertumoural heterogeneity in tumour lymphocytic infiltrates, suggesting some tumours or subtypes are more immunogenic than others. Furthermore, tumour intrinsic mechanisms of immune evasion are beginning to be uncovered, potentially representing key therapeutic targets to use in combination with checkpoint blockade, exemplifying the emerging concept of personalised medicine approaches to immune therapies. Subsequently, different immunotherapeutic strategies may be required based on stratification by these factors-for the minority of tumours with a high level of pre-existing immunity, immune checkpoint blockade monotherapy may be sufficient. However, for the majority of tumours with lower levels of pre-existing immunity, combination approaches will likely be required to achieve maximal therapeutic effect. Results of ongoing clinical trials including combinations with chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and targeted therapies are eagerly awaited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Mansour
- Division of Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, University of Melbourne, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum, Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Australia
| | - Zhi Ling Teo
- Division of Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, University of Melbourne, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum, Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Australia
| | - Stephen J Luen
- Division of Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, University of Melbourne, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Sherene Loi
- Division of Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, University of Melbourne, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia. .,Sir Peter MacCallum, Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Australia.
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6
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Wang DY, Eroglu Z, Ozgun A, Leger PD, Zhao S, Ye F, Luke JJ, Joseph RW, Haq R, Ott PA, Hodi FS, Sosman JA, Johnson DB, Buchbinder EI. Clinical Features of Acquired Resistance to Anti-PD-1 Therapy in Advanced Melanoma. Cancer Immunol Res 2017; 5:357-362. [PMID: 28396509 PMCID: PMC5502536 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-16-0287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Anti-PD-1 therapy has improved clinical outcomes in advanced melanoma, but most patients experience intrinsic resistance. Responding patients can develop acquired resistance to anti-PD-1. We retrospectively reviewed 488 patients treated with anti-PD-1 from three academic centers and identified 36 patients with acquired resistance, defined as disease progression following objective response. The incidence, timing, disease sites, post-progression survival (PPS), and outcomes were evaluated descriptively. The acquired resistance cohort consisted of 67% with more than 1 feature of poor prognosis (stage M1c, elevated LDH, or brain metastasis), and 67% had previously received ipilimumab. Partial and complete responses were achieved in 89% (n = 32) and 11% (n = 4) of patients, respectively, and median time to resistance (progression-free survival; PFS) was 11.1 months (range 4.3-32.8 months). Most progression was isolated (78% of patients, n = 28) and occurred while receiving therapy (78%, n = 28). The median PPS was 12.8 months (range 0.1-51.8 months), and the median overall survival was 33.7 months. Among isolated progressors, 15 received localized therapy (12 with surgery, 3 with radiation). Patients with isolated versus systemic progression exhibited a trend for improved PPS (P = 0.081), and patients with an initial PFS ≥ 15 months showed significant PPS improvement (P = 0.036). Two patients experienced subsequent responses to anti-PD-1 resumption. In conclusion, acquired resistance to anti-PD-1 was frequently associated with excellent clinical outcomes and often presented as isolated progression amenable to localized therapy (surgery or radiation) or systemic progression sensitive to therapy resumption. Cancer Immunol Res; 5(5); 357-62. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Y Wang
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Zeynep Eroglu
- Department of Cutaneous Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Alpaslan Ozgun
- Department of Cutaneous Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Paul D Leger
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Shilin Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Fei Ye
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jason J Luke
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Richard W Joseph
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Rizwan Haq
- Melanoma Disease Center, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Patrick A Ott
- Melanoma Disease Center, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - F Stephen Hodi
- Melanoma Disease Center, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jeffrey A Sosman
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Douglas B Johnson
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.
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Bagley SJ, Kothari S, Aggarwal C, Bauml JM, Alley EW, Evans TL, Kosteva JA, Ciunci CA, Gabriel PE, Thompson JC, Stonehouse-Lee S, Sherry VE, Gilbert E, Eaby-Sandy B, Mutale F, DiLullo G, Cohen RB, Vachani A, Langer CJ. Pretreatment neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as a marker of outcomes in nivolumab-treated patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 2017; 106:1-7. [PMID: 28285682 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2017.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 351] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Efficient use of nivolumab in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has been limited by the lack of a definitive predictive biomarker. In patients with metastatic melanoma treated with ipilimumab, a pretreatment neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR)<5 has been associated with improved survival. This retrospective cohort study aimed to determine whether the pretreatment NLR was associated with outcomes in NSCLC patients treated with nivolumab. METHODS We reviewed the medical records of all patients with previously treated advanced NSCLC who received nivolumab between March 2015 and March 2016 outside of a clinical trial at the University of Pennsylvania. Patients were dichotomized according to pretreatment NLR<5 vs. ≥5. Multivariable logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the impact of pretreatment NLR on overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall response rate (ORR). RESULTS 175 patients were treated. Median age was 68 (range, 33-88); 54% were female. Twenty-five percent of patients had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status (ECOG PS) ≥2; 46% had received ≥2 prior systemic therapies. In multivariate analyses, pretreatment neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) ≥5 was independently associated with inferior OS (median 5.5 vs. 8.4 months; HR 2.07, 95% CI 1.3-3.3; p=0.002) and inferior PFS (median 1.9 vs. 2.8 months; HR 1.43, 95% CI 1.02-2.0; p=0.04). CONCLUSIONS In a cohort of patients with NSCLC treated with nivolumab in routine practice, pretreatment NLR≥5 was associated with inferior outcomes. It is unclear whether this marker is predictive or prognostic. Prospective studies are warranted to determine the utility of NLR in the context of other biomarkers of programmed death-1 (PD-1) therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Bagley
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Shawn Kothari
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Charu Aggarwal
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joshua M Bauml
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Evan W Alley
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tracey L Evans
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John A Kosteva
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Christine A Ciunci
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Peter E Gabriel
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Thompson
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Thoracic Oncology Group, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Susan Stonehouse-Lee
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Victoria E Sherry
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Gilbert
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Beth Eaby-Sandy
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Faith Mutale
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gloria DiLullo
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Roger B Cohen
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Anil Vachani
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Corey J Langer
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Khoja L, Kibiro M, Metser U, Gedye C, Hogg D, Butler MO, Atenafu EG, Joshua AM. Patterns of response to anti-PD-1 treatment: an exploratory comparison of four radiological response criteria and associations with overall survival in metastatic melanoma patients. Br J Cancer 2016; 115:1186-1192. [PMID: 27701388 PMCID: PMC5104887 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2016.308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiological assessment of response to checkpoint inhibitors remains imperfect. We evaluated individual lesion and inter-patient response by response evaluation (RECIST) 1.1, immune-related response criteria (irRC), CHOI and modified CHOI (mCHOI) and correlated response with overall survival (OS). METHODS Thirty-seven patients with 567 measurable lesions treated with pembrolizumab in the Keynote 001 trial were studied. Association of response with OS was determined. RESULTS Response varied according to site; lung lesions had the highest rate of complete response (69 out of 163 (42%) vs other sites 71 out of 404 (18%), P<0.0001). Delayed response post first scan was seen in 2 out of 37 (5%) deemed progressive (PD) by RECIST and 2 out of 14 (14%) deemed PD by irRC. Modified CHOI criteria showed response of 38% (14 out of 37). Change in tumour size and density on first follow-up assessment was associated with OS with each 1000 mm2 increase in tumour size from baseline increasing the hazard of dying by 25.9% (HR=1.259, (95% CI=1.116-1.420), P=0.0002). Similarly, each 20HU increase in density increased the HR by 15% (HR=1.15, (95% CI 1.045-1.260), P=0.004). Response defined by any criteria had superior OS (CHOI P=0.0084; mCHOI P=0.0183; irRC P<0.0001 and RECIST P=0.0003). CONCLUSIONS Response by any criterion was prognostic. Novel patterns of response and changes on treatment in tumour density suggest complex anti-tumour responses to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Khoja
- Department of Medical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Clinical Discovery Unit, Early Clinical Development, AstraZeneca plc, DaVinci Building, Melbourn Science Park, Melbourn, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Minnie Kibiro
- Department of Medical Imaging, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ur Metser
- Department of Medical Imaging, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Craig Gedye
- Department of Medical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Hogg
- Department of Medical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marcus O Butler
- Department of Medical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eshetu G Atenafu
- Department of Biostatistics, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anthony M Joshua
- Department of Medical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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