Solitary bronchioloalveolar adenoma of the lung

Bronchioloalveolar Adenoma Associated With Bronchiolitis Obliterans and Leishmaniasis With Lung Involvement in Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Visceral leishmaniasis is not unusual in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), but lung infiltration is uncommon. Leishmaniasis involving the lung often manifests as interstitial pneumonitis. We report a case in which the discovery of amastigotes in the transbronchial biopsy led to a diagnosis of leishmaniasis. However, the findings from x-rays and study of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were consistent with bronchiolitis obliterans, possibly caused by the AIDS virus. In addition, the transbronchial biopsy findings were consistent with a diagnosis of bronchioloalveolar adenoma with radiographic evidence of multiple nodules.

Benign bronchopulmonary tumors: radiologic and pathologic findings

According to the new World Health Organization classification, benign bronchopulmonary tumors can be classified into epithelial tumors, mesenchymal tumors, and tumor-like conditions. Imaging findings of benign tumors of large airways are nonspecific and overlapping. Some benign pulmonary tumors show characteristic imaging findings. On CT, bronchioloalveolar adenomas appear as a small nodular area of ground-glass opacity. Metastasizing leiomyomas are seen as well-circumscribed solitary or multiple pulmonary nodules ranging in size from a few millimeters to several centimeters. Pulmonary hamartomas or lipomas are recognized specifically when fat deposits of CT number in the -80 HU to -120 HU range are identified. Enhancement of tumor with administration of contrast medium with or without foci of calcification may be seen in sclerosing hemangiomas and hemangiopericytomas. Awareness of the various imaging findings of these tumors can help narrow down the differential diagnosis on daily practice among the long lists of bronchopulmonary tumors.