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Cicirò Y, Ragusa D, Sala A. Expression of the checkpoint kinase BUB1 is a predictor of response to cancer therapies. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4461. [PMID: 38396175 PMCID: PMC10891059 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55080-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The identification of clinically-relevant biomarkers is of upmost importance for the management of cancer, from diagnosis to treatment choices. We performed a pan-cancer analysis of the mitotic checkpoint budding uninhibited by benzimidazole 1 gene BUB1, in the attempt to ascertain its diagnostic and prognostic values, specifically in the context of drug response. BUB1 was found to be overexpressed in the majority of cancers, and particularly elevated in clinically aggressive molecular subtypes. Its expression was correlated with clinico-phenotypic features, notably tumour staging, size, invasion, hypoxia, and stemness. In terms of prognostic value, the expression of BUB1 bore differential clinical outcomes depending on the treatment administered in TCGA cancer cohorts, suggesting sensitivity or resistance, depending on the expression levels. We also integrated in vitro drug sensitivity data from public projects based on correlation between drug efficacy and BUB1 expression to produce a list of candidate compounds with differential responses according to BUB1 levels. Gene Ontology enrichment analyses revealed that BUB1 overexpression in cancer is associated with biological processes related to mitosis and chromosome segregation machinery, reflecting the mechanisms of action of drugs with a differential effect based on BUB1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ylenia Cicirò
- Centre for Inflammation Research and Translational Medicine (CIRTM), Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Denise Ragusa
- Centre for Genome Engineering and Maintenance (CenGEM), Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, UK.
| | - Arturo Sala
- Centre for Inflammation Research and Translational Medicine (CIRTM), Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, UK.
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Duan H, Chen B, Wang W, Luo H. Identification of GNG7 as a novel biomarker and potential therapeutic target for gastric cancer via bioinformatic analysis and in vitro experiments. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:1445-1474. [PMID: 36863706 PMCID: PMC10042700 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignancies with unfavorable prognoses. The present study aimed to identify novel biomarkers or potential therapeutic targets in GC via bioinformatic analysis and in vitro experiments. The Gene Expression Omnibus and The Cancer Genome Atlas databases were used to screen the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). After protein-protein interaction network construction, both module and prognostic analyses were performed to identify prognosis-related genes in GC. The expression patterns and functions of G protein γ subunit 7 (GNG7) in GC were then visualized in multiple databases and further verified using in vitro experiments. A total of 897 overlapping DEGs were detected and 20 hub genes were identified via systematic analysis. After accessing the prognostic value of the hub genes using the online server Kaplan-Meier plotter, a six-gene prognostic signature was identified, which was also significantly correlated with the process of immune infiltration in GC. The results of open-access database analyses suggested that GNG7 is downregulated in GC; this downregulation was associated with tumor progression. Furthermore, the functional enrichment analysis unveiled that the GNG7-coexpressed genes or gene sets were closely correlated with the proliferation and cell cycle processes of GC cells. Finally, in vitro experiments further confirmed that GNG7 overexpression inhibited GC cell proliferation, colony formation, and cell cycle progression and induced apoptosis. As a tumor suppressor gene, GNG7 suppressed the growth of GC cells via cell cycle blockade and apoptosis induction and thus may be used as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houyu Duan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Biao Chen
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Hesheng Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, P.R. China
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Shao L, Liang L, Fang Q, Wang J. Construction of novel lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA ceRNA networks associated with prognosis of hepatitis C virus related hepatocellular carcinoma. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10832. [PMID: 36217480 PMCID: PMC9547242 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection contribute to liver fibrosis and cirrhosis, which significantly increases the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. Previous studies have demonstrated the pivotal role of competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks in tumorigenesis and cancer progression. Consequently, we herein seek to identify and evaluate the prognostic relevance of a novel ceRNA network associated with HCV-related HCC. Methods Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in GSE140846 dataset from GEO were identified using Network Analyst, and GO, KEGG and Reactome analyses were performed. Furthermore, a protein-protein interaction network was generated, and hub genes were detected. Hub gene expression levels, as well as those of their upstream lncRNAs and miRNAs and associated survival analyses were conducted using appropriate bioinformatics databases. Predicted target relationships were used to establish putative ceRNA networks for HCV-related HCC. Results A total of 372 and 360 up- and down-regulated DE-mRNA were identified, which were associated with nuclear division, cell cycle, and ATPase activity. A PPI network containing 704 DE-mRNAs was constructed, and the 6 hub gene with the highest degree of connectivity were selected for subsequent analysis. We discovered that 22 miRNAs and 4 lncRNAs upstream of 11 hub gene were significantly associated with poor prognosis of HCV-related HCC, and used them to constructe a prognostic ceRNA network. Further experiments confirmed the ceRNA-regulatory relationship of BUB1-hsa-miR-193a-3p-MALAT1. Conclusion This study provides novel insights into the lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA ceRNA network, and reveals potential lncRNA biomarkers in HCV related HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lishi Shao
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 374 Dianmian Avenue, Kunming, Yunnan 650101, PR China
| | - Lei Liang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 519 Kunzhou Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, PR China
| | - Qixiang Fang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of the Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta Xi Lu, Xi 'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Jiaping Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 374 Dianmian Avenue, Kunming, Yunnan 650101, PR China
- Corresponding author.
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Piao XM, You C, Byun YJ, Kang HW, Noh J, Lee J, Lee HY, Kim K, Kim WT, Yun SJ, Lee SC, Kang K, Kim YJ. Prognostic Value of BUB1 for Predicting Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312756. [PMID: 34884561 PMCID: PMC8657483 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is a common disease with a high recurrence rate requiring lifetime surveillance. Although NMIBC is not life-threatening, it can progress to muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC), a lethal form of the disease. The management of the two diseases differs, and patients with MIBC require aggressive treatments such as chemotherapy and radical cystectomy. NMIBC patients at a high risk of progression benefit from early immediate cystectomy. Thus, identifying concordant markers for accurate risk stratification is critical to predict the prognosis of NMIBC. Candidate genetic biomarkers associated with NMIBC prognosis were screened by RNA-sequencing of 24 tissue samples, including 16 NMIBC and eight normal controls, and by microarray analysis (GSE13507). Lastly, we selected and investigated a mitotic checkpoint serine/threonine kinase, BUB1, that regulates chromosome segregation during the cell cycle. BUB1 gene expression was tested in 86 NMIBC samples and 15 controls by real-time qPCR. The performance of BUB1 as a prognostic biomarker for NMIBC was validated in the internal Chungbuk cohort (GSE13507) and the external UROMOL cohort (E-MTAB-4321). BUB1 expression was higher in NMIBC patients than in normal controls (p < 0.05), and the overexpression of BUB1 was correlated with NMIBC progression (log-rank test, p = 0.007). In in vitro analyses, BUB1 promoted the proliferation of bladder cancer cells by accelerating the G2/M transition of the cell cycle. Conclusively, BUB1 modulates the G2/M transition to promote the proliferation of bladder cancer cells, suggesting that it could serve as a prognostic marker in NMIBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan-Mei Piao
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea; (X.-M.P.); (Y.J.B.); (H.W.K.); (W.T.K.); (S.J.Y.); (S.-C.L.)
| | - Chaelin You
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea; (C.Y.); (J.N.); (J.L.)
| | - Young Joon Byun
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea; (X.-M.P.); (Y.J.B.); (H.W.K.); (W.T.K.); (S.J.Y.); (S.-C.L.)
| | - Ho Won Kang
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea; (X.-M.P.); (Y.J.B.); (H.W.K.); (W.T.K.); (S.J.Y.); (S.-C.L.)
- Department of Urology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju 28644, Korea; (H.Y.L.); (K.K.)
| | - Junho Noh
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea; (C.Y.); (J.N.); (J.L.)
| | - Jaehyun Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea; (C.Y.); (J.N.); (J.L.)
| | - Hee Youn Lee
- Department of Urology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju 28644, Korea; (H.Y.L.); (K.K.)
| | - Kyeong Kim
- Department of Urology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju 28644, Korea; (H.Y.L.); (K.K.)
| | - Won Tae Kim
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea; (X.-M.P.); (Y.J.B.); (H.W.K.); (W.T.K.); (S.J.Y.); (S.-C.L.)
- Department of Urology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju 28644, Korea; (H.Y.L.); (K.K.)
| | - Seok Joong Yun
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea; (X.-M.P.); (Y.J.B.); (H.W.K.); (W.T.K.); (S.J.Y.); (S.-C.L.)
- Department of Urology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju 28644, Korea; (H.Y.L.); (K.K.)
| | - Sang-Cheol Lee
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea; (X.-M.P.); (Y.J.B.); (H.W.K.); (W.T.K.); (S.J.Y.); (S.-C.L.)
- Department of Urology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju 28644, Korea; (H.Y.L.); (K.K.)
| | - Kyuho Kang
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea; (C.Y.); (J.N.); (J.L.)
- Correspondence: (K.K.); (Y.-J.K.); Tel.: +82-43-261-2295 (K.K.); +82-43-269-6143 (Y.-J.K.)
| | - Yong-June Kim
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea; (X.-M.P.); (Y.J.B.); (H.W.K.); (W.T.K.); (S.J.Y.); (S.-C.L.)
- Department of Urology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju 28644, Korea; (H.Y.L.); (K.K.)
- Correspondence: (K.K.); (Y.-J.K.); Tel.: +82-43-261-2295 (K.K.); +82-43-269-6143 (Y.-J.K.)
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Identification of key molecular markers in epithelial ovarian cancer by integrated bioinformatics analysis. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2021; 60:983-994. [PMID: 34794761 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2021.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current research was aimed to identify candidate genes associated with development and progression of epithelial ovarian carcinoma using bioinformatics analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS We screened and validated candidate genes associated with carcinogenesis and development of epithelial ovarian carcinoma via bioinformatic analysis in three microarray datasets (GSE14407, GSE29450, and GSE54388) downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. RESULTS Our bioinformatic analysis identified 514 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and nine candidate hub genes (CCNB1, CDK1, BUB1, CDC20, CCNA2, BUB1B, AURKA, RRM2, and TTK). Survival analysis using the Kaplan-Meier plotter showed that high expression levels of seven candidate genes (CCNB1, RRM2, BUB1, CCNA2, AURKA, CDK1, and BUB1B) were associated with poor overall survival (OS). Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) revealed a higher expression level of these seven candidate genes in ovarian carcinoma samples than in normal ovarian samples. Immunostaining results from the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) database suggested that the protein expression levels of CCNB1, CCNA2, AURKA, and CDK1 were increased in ovarian cancer tissues. No difference was observed in RRM2 protein expression level between normal ovarian and ovarian cancer samples. Oncomine analysis revealed an association between the expression patterns of BUB1B, CCNA2, AURKA, CCNB1, CDK1, and BUB1 and patient clinicopathological information. Finally, six genes, namely CCNB1, CCNA2, AURKA, BUB1, BUB1B, and CDK1, were identified as hub genes and a transcription factor (TF)-gene regulatory network was constructed to identify TFs, including POLR2A, ZBTB11, KLF9, and ELF1, that were implicated in regulating these hub genes. CONCLUSION Six significant hub DEGs associated with a poor prognosis in epithelial ovarian cancer were identified. These could be potential biomarkers for ovarian cancer patients.
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Huang Z, Wang S, Wei H, Chen H, Shen R, Lin R, Wang X, Lan W, Lin R, Lin J. Inhibition of BUB1 suppresses tumorigenesis of osteosarcoma via blocking of PI3K/Akt and ERK pathways. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:8442-8453. [PMID: 34337852 PMCID: PMC8419163 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a primary malignant bone tumour that mainly affects teenagers, with patients displaying poor prognosis. Budding uninhibited by benzimidazoles 1 (BUB1), a type of serine/threonine kinase that is linked to pro-tumorigenic phenomena, has not been well studied in OS. Hence, this study aimed to explore the role of BUB1 in OS. The expression of BUB1 in OS specimens and cell lines was assessed using immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. Univariate and multivariate analyses were applied to evaluate the impact of BUB1 on patient survival. Cell counting kit-8, wound-healing and Transwell assays, as well as flow cytometry, were used to investigate the influence of BUB1 inhibition on OS in vitro. Moreover, a tumour xenograft model was established to investigate the in vivo effect of BUB1 inhibition on OS tumour growth. Results showed that BUB1 was overexpressed in OS specimens and cell lines. Furthermore, BUB1 overexpression was closely associated with the poor clinical outcomes of patients with OS. Inhibition of BUB1 markedly suppressed cell proliferation and tumour growth, cell migration, invasion and induced cell apoptosis of OS by blocking the PI3K/Akt and ERK signalling pathways. Thus, our study suggested that overexpression of BUB1 protein contributed to poor survival of OS patients and that inhibition of BUB1 resulted in considerable anti-tumour activity associated with proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis of OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Orthopedics Research Institution, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shenglin Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hongxiang Wei
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rongkai Shen
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Renqin Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xinwen Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The people's Hospital of Jiangmen City, Southern Medical University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Wenbin Lan
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Rongjin Lin
- Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Orthopedics Research Institution, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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Peyravian N, Nobili S, Pezeshkian Z, Olfatifar M, Moradi A, Baghaei K, Anaraki F, Nazari K, Aghdaei HA, Zali MR, Mini E, Mojarad EN. Increased Expression of VANGL1 is Predictive of Lymph Node Metastasis in Colorectal Cancer: Results from a 20-Gene Expression Signature. J Pers Med 2021; 11:126. [PMID: 33672900 PMCID: PMC7918343 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11020126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed at building a prognostic signature based on a candidate gene panel whose expression may be associated with lymph node metastasis (LNM), thus potentially able to predict colorectal cancer (CRC) progression and patient survival. The mRNA expression levels of 20 candidate genes were evaluated by RT-qPCR in cancer and normal mucosa formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues of CRC patients. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to evaluate the prognosis performance of our model by calculating the area under the curve (AUC) values corresponding to stage and metastasis. A total of 100 FFPE primary tumor tissues from stage I-IV CRC patients were collected and analyzed. Among the 20 candidate genes we studied, only the expression levels of VANGL1 significantly varied between patients with and without LNMs (p = 0.02). Additionally, the AUC value of the 20-gene panel was found to have the highest predictive performance (i.e., AUC = 79.84%) for LNMs compared with that of two subpanels including 5 and 10 genes. According to our results, VANGL1 gene expression levels are able to estimate LNMs in different stages of CRC. After a proper validation in a wider case series, the evaluation of VANGL1 gene expression and that of the 20-gene panel signature could help in the future in the prediction of CRC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noshad Peyravian
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19875-17411, Iran; (N.P.); (Z.P.); (M.O.); (K.B.); (K.N.); (H.A.A.)
| | - Stefania Nobili
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, “G. D’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Zahra Pezeshkian
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19875-17411, Iran; (N.P.); (Z.P.); (M.O.); (K.B.); (K.N.); (H.A.A.)
| | - Meysam Olfatifar
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19875-17411, Iran; (N.P.); (Z.P.); (M.O.); (K.B.); (K.N.); (H.A.A.)
| | - Afshin Moradi
- Department of Pathology, Shohada Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19875-17411, Iran;
| | - Kaveh Baghaei
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19875-17411, Iran; (N.P.); (Z.P.); (M.O.); (K.B.); (K.N.); (H.A.A.)
| | - Fakhrosadat Anaraki
- Colorectal Division of Department of Surgery, Taleghani Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19875-17411, Iran;
| | - Kimia Nazari
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19875-17411, Iran; (N.P.); (Z.P.); (M.O.); (K.B.); (K.N.); (H.A.A.)
| | - Hamid Asadzadeh Aghdaei
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19875-17411, Iran; (N.P.); (Z.P.); (M.O.); (K.B.); (K.N.); (H.A.A.)
| | - Mohammad Reza Zali
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Yaman Street, Chamran Expressway, Tehran 19857-17411, Iran;
| | - Enrico Mini
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Firenze, Italy
| | - Ehsan Nazemalhosseini Mojarad
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Yaman Street, Chamran Expressway, Tehran 19857-17411, Iran;
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Nikzamir A, Rezaei-Tavirani M, Razzaghi Z, Rostami-Nejad M, Hamdieh M, Arjmand B. Gene Activation as a Cell Protection Mechanism Against Gamma-Ray radiation. J Lasers Med Sci 2020; 11:S80-S84. [PMID: 33995974 DOI: 10.34172/jlms.2020.s13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Gamma radiation is accompanied by prominent biological effects and damages. Cell proliferation and tumorigenesis are highlighted as the main resulted effects of gamma radiation on cultured cells. This study aims to assess the dysregulated mode of gene function after gamma radiation in human Jurkat cells. Methods: Six gene expression profiles from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) were analyzed by GEO2R to find the significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs) via gamma radiation. Action map analysis was applied to screen the query DEGs. Results: Among 108 study genes, 20 critical DEGs including AURKA, AURKB, BORA, CCNB1, CCNB2, CCNF, CDC20, CDCA8, CENPA, CENPE, CENPF, KIF18A, KIF20A, KIF23, BUB1, DLGAP5, ECT2, PLK1, SGO2, and TPX2 were introduced as down-regulated genes by the gamma ray. Conclusion: Activators of the introduced critical genes may be the cell protector against gamma radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdolrahim Nikzamir
- Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Rezaei-Tavirani
- Proteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Razzaghi
- Laser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rostami-Nejad
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Hamdieh
- Department of Psychosomatic, Taleghani Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Arjmand
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Chen X, Zhang D, Jiang F, Shen Y, Li X, Hu X, Wei P, Shen X. Prognostic Prediction Using a Stemness Index-Related Signature in a Cohort of Gastric Cancer. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:570702. [PMID: 33134315 PMCID: PMC7504590 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.570702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background With characteristic self-renewal and multipotent differentiation, cancer stem cells (CSCs) have a crucial influence on the metastasis, relapse and drug resistance of gastric cancer (GC). However, the genes that participates in the stemness of GC stem cells have not been identified. Methods The mRNA expression-based stemness index (mRNAsi) was analyzed with differential expressions in GC. The weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was utilized to build a co-expression network targeting differentially expressed genes (DEG) and discover mRNAsi-related modules and genes. We assessed the association between the key genes at both the transcription and protein level. Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database was used to validate the expression levels of the key genes. The risk model was established according to the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression analysis. Furthermore, we determined the prognostic value of the model by employing Kaplan-Meier (KM) plus multivariate Cox analysis. Results GC tissues exhibited a substantially higher mRNAsi relative to the healthy non-tumor tissues. Based on WGCNA, 17 key genes (ARHGAP11A, BUB1, BUB1B, C1orf112, CENPF, KIF14, KIF15, KIF18B, KIF4A, NCAPH, PLK4, RACGAP1, RAD54L, SGO2, TPX2, TTK, and XRCC2) were identified. These key genes were clearly overexpressed in GC and validated in the GEO database. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network as assessed by STRING indicated that the key genes were tightly connected. After LASSO analysis, a nine-gene risk model (BUB1B, NCAPH, KIF15, RAD54L, KIF18B, KIF4A, TTK, SGO2, C1orf112) was constructed. The overall survival in the high-risk group was relatively poor. The area under curve (AUC) of risk score was higher compared to that of clinicopathological characteristics. According to the multivariate Cox analysis, the nine-gene risk model was a predictor of disease outcomes in GC patients (HR, 7.606; 95% CI, 3.037-19.051; P < 0.001). We constructed a prognostic nomogram with well-fitted calibration curve based on risk score and clinical data. Conclusion The 17 mRNAsi-related key genes identified in this study could be potential treatment targets in GC treatment, considering that they can inhibit the stemness properties. The nine-gene risk model can be employed to predict the disease outcomes of the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dawei Zhang
- Nanjing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Fei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Shen
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xueju Hu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pingmin Wei
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaobing Shen
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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10
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Fujibayashi Y, Isa R, Nishiyama D, Sakamoto-Inada N, Kawasumi N, Yamaguchi J, Kuwahara-Ota S, Matsumura-Kimoto Y, Tsukamoto T, Chinen Y, Shimura Y, Kobayashi T, Horiike S, Taniwaki M, Handa H, Kuroda J. Aberrant BUB1 Overexpression Promotes Mitotic Segregation Errors and Chromosomal Instability in Multiple Myeloma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082206. [PMID: 32781708 PMCID: PMC7464435 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromosome instability (CIN), the hallmarks of cancer, reflects ongoing chromosomal changes caused by chromosome segregation errors and results in whole chromosomal or segmental aneuploidy. In multiple myeloma (MM), CIN contributes to the acquisition of tumor heterogeneity, and thereby, to disease progression, drug resistance, and eventual treatment failure; however, the underlying mechanism of CIN in MM remains unclear. Faithful chromosomal segregation is tightly regulated by a series of mitotic checkpoint proteins, such as budding uninhibited by benzimidazoles 1 (BUB1). In this study, we found that BUB1 was overexpressed in patient-derived myeloma cells, and BUB1 expression was significantly higher in patients in an advanced stage compared to those in an early stage. This suggested the involvement of aberrant BUB1 overexpression in disease progression. In human myeloma-derived cell lines (HMCLs), BUB1 knockdown reduced the frequency of chromosome segregation errors in mitotic cells. In line with this, partial knockdown of BUB1 showed reduced variations in chromosome number compared to parent cells in HMCLs. Finally, BUB1 overexpression was found to promote the clonogenic potency of HMCLs. Collectively, these results suggested that enhanced BUB1 expression caused an increase in mitotic segregation errors and the resultant emergence of subclones with altered chromosome numbers and, thus, was involved in CIN in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuto Fujibayashi
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (Y.F.); (R.I.); (D.N.); (N.S.-I.); (N.K.); (J.Y.); (S.K.-O.); (Y.M.-K.); (T.T.); (Y.C.); (Y.S.); (T.K.); (S.H.); (M.T.)
| | - Reiko Isa
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (Y.F.); (R.I.); (D.N.); (N.S.-I.); (N.K.); (J.Y.); (S.K.-O.); (Y.M.-K.); (T.T.); (Y.C.); (Y.S.); (T.K.); (S.H.); (M.T.)
| | - Daichi Nishiyama
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (Y.F.); (R.I.); (D.N.); (N.S.-I.); (N.K.); (J.Y.); (S.K.-O.); (Y.M.-K.); (T.T.); (Y.C.); (Y.S.); (T.K.); (S.H.); (M.T.)
| | - Natsumi Sakamoto-Inada
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (Y.F.); (R.I.); (D.N.); (N.S.-I.); (N.K.); (J.Y.); (S.K.-O.); (Y.M.-K.); (T.T.); (Y.C.); (Y.S.); (T.K.); (S.H.); (M.T.)
| | - Norichika Kawasumi
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (Y.F.); (R.I.); (D.N.); (N.S.-I.); (N.K.); (J.Y.); (S.K.-O.); (Y.M.-K.); (T.T.); (Y.C.); (Y.S.); (T.K.); (S.H.); (M.T.)
| | - Junko Yamaguchi
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (Y.F.); (R.I.); (D.N.); (N.S.-I.); (N.K.); (J.Y.); (S.K.-O.); (Y.M.-K.); (T.T.); (Y.C.); (Y.S.); (T.K.); (S.H.); (M.T.)
| | - Saeko Kuwahara-Ota
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (Y.F.); (R.I.); (D.N.); (N.S.-I.); (N.K.); (J.Y.); (S.K.-O.); (Y.M.-K.); (T.T.); (Y.C.); (Y.S.); (T.K.); (S.H.); (M.T.)
| | - Yayoi Matsumura-Kimoto
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (Y.F.); (R.I.); (D.N.); (N.S.-I.); (N.K.); (J.Y.); (S.K.-O.); (Y.M.-K.); (T.T.); (Y.C.); (Y.S.); (T.K.); (S.H.); (M.T.)
| | - Taku Tsukamoto
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (Y.F.); (R.I.); (D.N.); (N.S.-I.); (N.K.); (J.Y.); (S.K.-O.); (Y.M.-K.); (T.T.); (Y.C.); (Y.S.); (T.K.); (S.H.); (M.T.)
| | - Yoshiaki Chinen
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (Y.F.); (R.I.); (D.N.); (N.S.-I.); (N.K.); (J.Y.); (S.K.-O.); (Y.M.-K.); (T.T.); (Y.C.); (Y.S.); (T.K.); (S.H.); (M.T.)
- Department of Hematology, Fukuchiyama City Hospital, Kyoto 620-8505, Japan
| | - Yuji Shimura
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (Y.F.); (R.I.); (D.N.); (N.S.-I.); (N.K.); (J.Y.); (S.K.-O.); (Y.M.-K.); (T.T.); (Y.C.); (Y.S.); (T.K.); (S.H.); (M.T.)
| | - Tsutomu Kobayashi
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (Y.F.); (R.I.); (D.N.); (N.S.-I.); (N.K.); (J.Y.); (S.K.-O.); (Y.M.-K.); (T.T.); (Y.C.); (Y.S.); (T.K.); (S.H.); (M.T.)
| | - Shigeo Horiike
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (Y.F.); (R.I.); (D.N.); (N.S.-I.); (N.K.); (J.Y.); (S.K.-O.); (Y.M.-K.); (T.T.); (Y.C.); (Y.S.); (T.K.); (S.H.); (M.T.)
| | - Masafumi Taniwaki
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (Y.F.); (R.I.); (D.N.); (N.S.-I.); (N.K.); (J.Y.); (S.K.-O.); (Y.M.-K.); (T.T.); (Y.C.); (Y.S.); (T.K.); (S.H.); (M.T.)
- Center for Molecular Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Handa
- Department of Hematology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma 371-8511, Japan;
| | - Junya Kuroda
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (Y.F.); (R.I.); (D.N.); (N.S.-I.); (N.K.); (J.Y.); (S.K.-O.); (Y.M.-K.); (T.T.); (Y.C.); (Y.S.); (T.K.); (S.H.); (M.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-75-251-5740
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11
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Wu Z, Zhang X, He Z, Hou L. Identifying candidate diagnostic markers for early stage of non-small cell lung cancer. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225080. [PMID: 31726467 PMCID: PMC6855900 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We performed a series of bioinformatics analysis on a set of important gene expression data with 76 samples in early stage of non-small cell lung cancer, including 40 adenocarcinoma samples, 16 squamous cell carcinoma samples and 20 normal samples. In order to identify the specific markers for diagnosis, we compared the two subtypes with the normal samples respectively to determine the gene expression characteristics. Through the multi-dimensional scaling classification, we found that the samples were clustered well according to the disease cases. Based on the classification results and using empirical Bayes moderation and treat method, 486 important genes associated with the disease were identified. We constructed gene functions and gene pathways to verify our result and explain the pathogenicity factor and process. We generated a protein-protein interaction network based on the mutual interaction between the selected genes and found that the top thirteen hub genes were highly associated with lung cancer or some other cancers including five newly found genes through our method. The results of this study indicated that contrast on the gene expression between different subtypes and normal samples provides important information for the detection of non-small cell lung cancer and helps exploration of the disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wu
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zhihui He
- Department of Pediatric Respiration, Chongqing Ninth People’s Hospital, Chongqing 400700, China
| | - Liyun Hou
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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12
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Yu H, Zhang S, Ibrahim AN, Deng Z, Wang M. Serine/threonine kinase BUB1 promotes proliferation and radio-resistance in glioblastoma. Pathol Res Pract 2019; 215:152508. [PMID: 31272759 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2019.152508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BUB1 (Budding uninhibited by benzimidazoles 1), a mitotic checkpoint serine/threonine kinase, has been linked in numerous cancers to pro-tumorigenic phenomena including elevation of cellular proliferation, tumor growth, metastatic potential, and poorer patient prognosis. However, the role of BUB1 in glioblastoma remains poorly investigated. In this study, clinical analyses determined significant enrichment of BUB1 in glioblastoma with direct correlation of elevated expression to poorer prognosis in glioma patients. Genetic inhibition of BUB1 in glioblastoma tumor cells via shRNA silencing diminished both proliferative ability and tumorigenicity in vitro and in vivo. Silencing of BUB1 was additionally determined to promote the cytotoxic effect of irradiation on glioblastoma tumor cells, and investigation of the underlying pathways revealed the roles of DNA mismatch repair, spliceosome and c-Myc pathways. Mechanistically, FOXM1 was determined to positively regulate transcription of BUB1 via direct promoter region binding. For validation, pharmacologic inhibition through administration of a BUB1 inhibitor demonstrated attenuated glioblastoma cellular proliferation in vitro as well as delayed tumor growth with prolonged survival in vivo. Collectively, this study demonstrates a novel therapeutic target for glioblastoma in the form of BUB1, which plays a pivotal role in GBM proliferative and radio-resistance capacities in a FOXM1-dependant manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Suojun Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430073, China
| | - Ahmed N Ibrahim
- Department of Neurology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Zhong Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Maode Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China.
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13
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Simonetti G, Bruno S, Padella A, Tenti E, Martinelli G. Aneuploidy: Cancer strength or vulnerability? Int J Cancer 2018; 144:8-25. [PMID: 29981145 PMCID: PMC6587540 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aneuploidy is a very rare and tissue‐specific event in normal conditions, occurring in a low number of brain and liver cells. Its frequency increases in age‐related disorders and is one of the hallmarks of cancer. Aneuploidy has been associated with defects in the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC). However, the relationship between chromosome number alterations, SAC genes and tumor susceptibility remains unclear. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of SAC gene alterations at genomic and transcriptional level across human cancers and discuss the oncogenic and tumor suppressor functions of aneuploidy. SAC genes are rarely mutated but frequently overexpressed, with a negative prognostic impact on different tumor types. Both increased and decreased SAC gene expression show oncogenic potential in mice. SAC gene upregulation may drive aneuploidization and tumorigenesis through mitotic delay, coupled with additional oncogenic functions outside mitosis. The genomic background and environmental conditions influence the fate of aneuploid cells. Aneuploidy reduces cellular fitness. It induces growth and contact inhibition, mitotic and proteotoxic stress, cell senescence and production of reactive oxygen species. However, aneuploidy confers an evolutionary flexibility by favoring genome and chromosome instability (CIN), cellular adaptation, stem cell‐like properties and immune escape. These properties represent the driving force of aneuploid cancers, especially under conditions of stress and pharmacological pressure, and are currently under investigation as potential therapeutic targets. Indeed, promising results have been obtained from synthetic lethal combinations exploiting CIN, mitotic defects, and aneuploidy‐tolerating mechanisms as cancer vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Simonetti
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna and Institute of Hematology "L. e A. Seràgnoli", Bologna, Italy
| | - Samantha Bruno
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna and Institute of Hematology "L. e A. Seràgnoli", Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonella Padella
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna and Institute of Hematology "L. e A. Seràgnoli", Bologna, Italy
| | - Elena Tenti
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna and Institute of Hematology "L. e A. Seràgnoli", Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Martinelli
- Scientific Directorate, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
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14
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Zhou X, Wang P, Zhao H. The Association Between AURKA Gene rs2273535 Polymorphism and Gastric Cancer Risk in a Chinese Population. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1124. [PMID: 30174615 PMCID: PMC6108025 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Aurora kinase A (AURKA) gene is frequently amplified and overexpressed in gastric cancer (GC). The overexpression of AURKA promotes inflammation and tumorigenesis in GC. We performed co-expression analysis to identify genes associated with AURKA and speculated its function through the COXPRESdb and STRING databases. We also conducted a hospital-based case-control study involving 385 GC cases and 470 controls in a Chinese population to evaluate the role of AURKA gene rs2273535 polymorphism in the risk of GC. Genotyping was performed using a custom-by-design 48-Plex single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) Scan™ Kit. Co-expression analysis indicated that the overexpression of AURKA may be associated with poor prognosis of GC. In addition, TT genotypes of rs2273535 polymorphism increased the risk of GC by 72% compared to the AA genotypes. This significant correlation was also observed in the allelic and dominant models. The stratified analysis suggested that TT+AT genotypes showed positive correlation with the risk of GC among female, age <55 years group and non-smokers compared to AA genotypes. In conclusion, AURKA plays an important role in the development of GC. Larger studies with more diverse ethnic populations are needed to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Pengli Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Wuxi, China
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15
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Liu K, He L, Liu Z, Xu J, Liu Y, Kuang Q, Wen Z, Li M. Mutation status coupled with RNA-sequencing data can efficiently identify important non-significantly mutated genes serving as diagnostic biomarkers of endometrial cancer. BMC Bioinformatics 2017; 18:472. [PMID: 29297280 PMCID: PMC5751793 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-017-1891-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Endometrial cancers (ECs) are one of the most common types of malignant tumor in females. Substantial efforts had been made to identify significantly mutated genes (SMGs) in ECs and use them as biomarkers for the classification of histological subtypes and the prediction of clinical outcomes. However, the impact of non-significantly mutated genes (non-SMGs), which may also play important roles in the prognosis of EC patients, has not been extensively studied. Therefore, it is essential for the discovery of biomarkers in ECs to further investigate the non-SMGs that were highly associated with clinical outcomes. Results For the 9681 non-SMGs reported by the mutation annotation pipeline, there were 1053, 1273 and 395 non-SMGs differentially expressed between the patient groups divided by the clinical endpoints of histological grade, histological type as well as the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage of ECs, respectively. In the gene set enrichment analysis, the cancer-related pathways, namely neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction signaling pathway, cAMP signaling pathway and calcium signaling pathway, were significantly enriched with the differentially expressed non-SMGs for all the three endpoints. We further identified 23, 19 and 24 non-SMGs, which were highly associated with histological grade, histological type and FIGO stage, respectively, from the differentially expressed non-SMGs by using the variable combination population analysis (VCPA) approach and found that 69.6% (16/23), 78.9% (15/19) and 66.7% (16/24) of the identified non-SMGs had been previously reported to be correlated with cancers. In addition, the averaged areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUCs) achieved by the predictive models with identified non-SMGs as predictors in predicting histological type, histological grade, and FIGO stage were 0.993, 0.961 and 0.832, respectively, which were superior to those achieved by the models with SMGs as features (averaged AUCs = 0.928, 0.864 and 0.535, resp.). Conclusions Besides the SMGs, the non-SMGs reported in the mutation annotation analysis may also involve the crucial genes that were highly associated with clinical outcomes. Combining the mutation status with the gene expression profiles can efficiently identify the cancer-related non-SMGs as predictors for cancer prognostic prediction and provide more supplemental candidates for the discovery of biomarkers. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12859-017-1891-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keqin Liu
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Li He
- Biogas Appliance Quality Supervision and Inspection Center, Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhichao Liu
- Division of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR), US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Junmei Xu
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qifan Kuang
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhining Wen
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Menglong Li
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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16
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Stahl D, Braun M, Gentles AJ, Lingohr P, Walter A, Kristiansen G, Gütgemann I. Low BUB1 expression is an adverse prognostic marker in gastric adenocarcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:76329-76339. [PMID: 29100315 PMCID: PMC5652709 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric adenocarcinomas are associated with a poor prognosis due to the fact that the tumor has often metastasized by the time of diagnosis and prognostic markers are urgently needed to tailor treatment. We examined the expression of the mitotic spindle checkpoint protein BUB1 (budding uninhibited by benzimidazoles 1) and Ki-67 protein expression by immunohistochemistry in 218 patients with primary gastric adenocarcinomas. Tumors with low frequency of BUB1 expression were associated with larger tumor size (pT) (p < 0.001), higher incidence of lymph node metastases (pN) (p = 0.027), distant metastases (pM) (p = 0.006) and higher UICC stage (p < 0.001). Furthermore, BUB1 expression was inversely correlated with residual tumor stage (p = 0.038). Abundant BUB1 protein expression correlated with frequent Ki-67 protein expression (p < 0.001) and low BUB1 expression was associated with shorter survival (p < 0.001). Univariate and multivariate analyses confirmed BUB1 to be an independent prognostic marker in gastric cancer (p = 0.021).
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Affiliation(s)
- David Stahl
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Martin Braun
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Andrew J Gentles
- Center for Cancer Systems Biology (CCSB), Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Philipp Lingohr
- Department of General, Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Adeline Walter
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Ines Gütgemann
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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17
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Pierantoni GM, Conte A, Rinaldo C, Tornincasa M, Gerlini R, Valente D, Izzo A, Fusco A. Hmga1 null mouse embryonic fibroblasts display downregulation of spindle assembly checkpoint gene expression associated to nuclear and karyotypic abnormalities. Cell Cycle 2016; 15:812-8. [PMID: 26889953 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2016.1146835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The High Mobility Group A1 proteins (HMGA1) are nonhistone chromatinic proteins with a critical role in development and cancer. We have recently reported that HMGA1 proteins are able to increase the expression of spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) genes, thus impairing SAC function and causing chromosomal instability in cancer cells. Moreover, we found a significant correlation between HMGA1 and SAC genes expression in human colon carcinomas. Here, we report that mouse embryonic fibroblasts null for the Hmga1 gene show downregulation of Bub1, Bub1b, Mad2l1 and Ttk SAC genes, and present several features of chromosomal instability, such as nuclear abnormalities, binucleation, micronuclei and karyotypic alterations. Interestingky, also MEFs carrying only one impaired Hmga1 allele present karyotypic alterations. These results indicate that HMGA1 proteins regulate SAC genes expression and, thereby, genomic stability also in embryonic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Maria Pierantoni
- a Istituto di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale del CNR and Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli "Federico II" , Naples , Italy
| | - Andrea Conte
- a Istituto di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale del CNR and Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli "Federico II" , Naples , Italy
| | - Cinzia Rinaldo
- b Istituto di Biologia e Patologie Molecolari del CNR c/o Università "Sapienza" di Roma , Rome , Italy
| | - Mara Tornincasa
- a Istituto di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale del CNR and Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli "Federico II" , Naples , Italy
| | - Raffaele Gerlini
- a Istituto di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale del CNR and Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli "Federico II" , Naples , Italy
| | - Davide Valente
- b Istituto di Biologia e Patologie Molecolari del CNR c/o Università "Sapienza" di Roma , Rome , Italy
| | - Antonella Izzo
- a Istituto di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale del CNR and Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli "Federico II" , Naples , Italy
| | - Alfredo Fusco
- a Istituto di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale del CNR and Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli "Federico II" , Naples , Italy
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18
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Liu X, Chang X. Identifying module biomarkers from gastric cancer by differential correlation network. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:5701-5711. [PMID: 27703371 PMCID: PMC5036598 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s113281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (stomach cancer) is a severe disease caused by dysregulation of many functionally correlated genes or pathways instead of the mutation of individual genes. Systematic identification of gastric cancer biomarkers can provide insights into the mechanisms underlying this deadly disease and help in the development of new drugs. In this paper, we present a novel network-based approach to predict module biomarkers of gastric cancer that can effectively distinguish the disease from normal samples. Specifically, by assuming that gastric cancer has mainly resulted from dysfunction of biomolecular networks rather than individual genes in an organism, the genes in the module biomarkers are potentially related to gastric cancer. Finally, we identified a module biomarker with 27 genes, and by comparing the module biomarker with known gastric cancer biomarkers, we found that our module biomarker exhibited a greater ability to diagnose the samples with gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Liu
- College of Statistics and Applied Mathematics, Anhui University of Finance and Economics, Bengbu, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Collaborative Research Center for Innovative Mathematical Modeling, Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Xiao Chang
- College of Statistics and Applied Mathematics, Anhui University of Finance and Economics, Bengbu, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China; Collaborative Research Center for Innovative Mathematical Modeling, Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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19
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Deregulation of HMGA1 expression induces chromosome instability through regulation of spindle assembly checkpoint genes. Oncotarget 2016; 6:17342-53. [PMID: 26009897 PMCID: PMC4627312 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) is an essential control system of the cell cycle that contributes to mantain the genomic stability of eukaryotic cells. SAC genes expression is often deregulated in cancer cells, leading to checkpoint impairment and chromosome instability. The mechanisms responsible for the transcriptional regulation and deregulation of these genes are still largely unknown. Herein we identify the nonhistone architectural nuclear proteins High Mobility Group A1 (HMGA1), whose overexpression is a feature of several human malignancies and has a key role in cancer progression, as transcriptional regulators of SAC genes expression. In particular, we show that HMGA1 proteins are able to increase the expression of the SAC genes Ttk, Mad2l1, Bub1 and Bub1b, binding to their promoter regions. Consistently, HMGA1-depletion induces SAC genes downregulation associated to several mitotic defects. In particular, we observed a high number of unaligned chromosomes in metaphase, a reduction of prometaphase time, a delay of anaphase, a higher cytokinesis time and a higher percentage of cytokinesis failure by using live-cell microscopy. Finally, a significant direct correlation between HMGA1 and SAC genes expression was detected in human colon carcinomas indicating a novel mechanism by which HMGA1 contributes to cancer progression.
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20
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Wang Z, Katsaros D, Shen Y, Fu Y, Canuto EM, Benedetto C, Lu L, Chu WM, Risch HA, Yu H. Biological and Clinical Significance of MAD2L1 and BUB1, Genes Frequently Appearing in Expression Signatures for Breast Cancer Prognosis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136246. [PMID: 26287798 PMCID: PMC4546117 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the biologic relevance and clinical implication of genes involved in multiple gene expression signatures for breast cancer prognosis, we identified 16 published gene expression signatures, and selected two genes, MAD2L1 and BUB1. These genes appeared in 5 signatures and were involved in cell-cycle regulation. We analyzed the expression of these genes in relation to tumor features and disease outcomes. In vitro experiments were also performed in two breast cancer cell lines, MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468, to assess cell proliferation, migration and invasion after knocking down the expression of these genes. High expression of these genes was found to be associated with aggressive tumors and poor disease-free survival of 203 breast cancer patients in our study, and the association with survival was confirmed in an online database consisting of 914 patients. In vitro experiments demonstrated that lowering the expression of these genes by siRNAs reduced tumor cell growth and inhibited cell migration and invasion. Our investigation suggests that MAD2L1 and BUB1 may play important roles in breast cancer progression, and measuring the expression of these genes may assist the prediction of breast cancer prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanwei Wang
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
| | - Dionyssios Katsaros
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Gynecologic Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Città della Salute, Turin, Italy
| | - Yi Shen
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
| | - Yuanyuan Fu
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
| | - Emilie Marion Canuto
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Gynecologic Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Città della Salute, Turin, Italy
| | - Chiara Benedetto
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Gynecologic Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Città della Salute, Turin, Italy
| | - Lingeng Lu
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Wen-Ming Chu
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
| | - Harvey A. Risch
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Herbert Yu
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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21
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Thiru P, Kern DM, McKinley KL, Monda JK, Rago F, Su KC, Tsinman T, Yarar D, Bell GW, Cheeseman IM. Kinetochore genes are coordinately up-regulated in human tumors as part of a FoxM1-related cell division program. Mol Biol Cell 2014; 25:1983-94. [PMID: 24829384 PMCID: PMC4072572 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e14-03-0837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The key player in directing proper chromosome segregation is the macromolecular kinetochore complex, which mediates DNA-microtubule interactions. Previous studies testing individual kinetochore genes documented examples of their overexpression in tumors relative to normal tissue, leading to proposals that up-regulation of specific kinetochore genes may promote tumor progression. However, kinetochore components do not function in isolation, and previous studies did not comprehensively compare the expression behavior of kinetochore components. Here we analyze the expression behavior of the full range of human kinetochore components in diverse published expression compendia, including normal tissues and tumor samples. Our results demonstrate that kinetochore genes are rarely overexpressed individually. Instead, we find that core kinetochore genes are coordinately regulated with other cell division genes under virtually all conditions. This expression pattern is strongly correlated with the expression of the forkhead transcription factor FoxM1, which binds to the majority of cell division promoters. These observations suggest that kinetochore gene up-regulation in cancer reflects a general activation of the cell division program and that altered expression of individual kinetochore genes is unlikely to play a causal role in tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prathapan Thiru
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - David M Kern
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Kara L McKinley
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Julie K Monda
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Florencia Rago
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Kuan-Chung Su
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Tonia Tsinman
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Defne Yarar
- Merrimack Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - George W Bell
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Iain M Cheeseman
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
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22
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Potential role of meiosis proteins in melanoma chromosomal instability. J Skin Cancer 2013; 2013:190109. [PMID: 23840955 PMCID: PMC3694528 DOI: 10.1155/2013/190109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanomas demonstrate chromosomal instability (CIN). In fact, CIN can be used to differentiate melanoma from benign nevi. The exact molecular mechanisms that drive CIN in melanoma have yet to be fully elucidated. Cancer/testis antigens are a unique group of germ cell proteins that are found to be primarily expressed in melanoma as compared to benign nevi. The abnormal expression of these germ cell proteins, normally expected only in the testis and ovaries, in somatic cells may lead to interference with normal cellular pathways. Germ cell proteins that may be particularly critical in CIN are meiosis proteins. Here, we review pathways unique to meiosis with a focus on how the aberrant expression of meiosis proteins in normal mitotic cells “meiomitosis” could impact chromosomal instability in melanoma and other cancers.
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23
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BUB1 Immunolocalization in Breast Carcinoma: Its Nuclear Localization as a Potent Prognostic Factor of the Patients. Discov Oncol 2013; 4:92-102. [DOI: 10.1007/s12672-012-0130-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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24
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Up-regulation of the mitotic checkpoint component Mad1 causes chromosomal instability and resistance to microtubule poisons. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:E2205-14. [PMID: 22778409 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1201911109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The mitotic checkpoint is the major cell cycle checkpoint acting during mitosis to prevent aneuploidy and chromosomal instability, which are hallmarks of tumor cells. Reduced expression of the mitotic checkpoint component Mad1 causes aneuploidy and promotes tumors in mice [Iwanaga Y, et al. (2007) Cancer Res 67:160-166]. However, the prevalence and consequences of Mad1 overexpression are currently unclear. Here we show that Mad1 is frequently overexpressed in human cancers and that Mad1 up-regulation is a marker of poor prognosis. Overexpression of Mad1 causes aneuploidy and chromosomal instability through weakening mitotic checkpoint signaling caused by mislocalization of the Mad1 binding partner Mad2. Cells overexpressing Mad1 are resistant to microtubule poisons, including currently used chemotherapeutic agents. These results suggest that levels of Mad1 must be tightly regulated to prevent aneuploidy and transformation and that Mad1 up-regulation may promote tumors and cause resistance to current therapies.
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25
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Ricke RM, van Deursen JM. Aurora B hyperactivation by Bub1 overexpression promotes chromosome missegregation. Cell Cycle 2011; 10:3645-51. [PMID: 22033440 DOI: 10.4161/cc.10.21.18156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
High expression of the mitotic kinase Bub1 is associated with a variety of human cancers and correlates with poor clinical prognosis, but whether Bub1 alone can drive tumorigenesis was unknown. We provided conclusive evidence that Bub1 has oncogenic properties by generating transgenic mice that overexpress Bub1 in a wide variety of tissues, resulting in aneuploidization. Consistently, Bub1 transgenic mice developed various kinds of spontaneous tumors as well as accelerated Myc-induced lymphomagenesis. While the mitotic checkpoint was robust in Bub1 overexpressing cells, misaligned and lagging chromosomes were observed. These defects originated from increased Aurora B activity and could be suppressed by inhibition of Aurora B. Taken together, this indicates that Bub1 has oncogenic properties and imply that aneuploidization and tumorigenesis result from Aurora B-dependent missegregation. Here, we focus on the complex relationship between Bub1 and Aurora B and discuss the broader implications of Bub1-dependent Aurora B activation in mediating error correction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin M Ricke
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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26
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Ricke RM, Jeganathan KB, van Deursen JM. Bub1 overexpression induces aneuploidy and tumor formation through Aurora B kinase hyperactivation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 193:1049-64. [PMID: 21646403 PMCID: PMC3115799 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201012035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
High expression of the protein kinase Bub1 has been observed in a variety of human tumors and often correlates with poor clinical prognosis, but its molecular and cellular consequences and role in tumorigenesis are unknown. Here, we demonstrate that overexpression of Bub1 in mice leads to near-diploid aneuploidies and tumor formation. We found that chromosome misalignment and lagging are the primary mitotic errors responsible for the observed aneuploidization. High Bub1 levels resulted in aberrant Bub1 kinase activity and hyperactivation of Aurora B kinase. When Aurora B activity is suppressed, pharmacologically or via BubR1 overexpression, chromosome segregation errors caused by Bub1 overexpression are largely corrected. Importantly, Bub1 transgenic mice overexpressing Bub1 developed various kinds of spontaneous tumors and showed accelerated Myc-induced lymphomagenesis. Our results establish that Bub1 has oncogenic properties and suggest that Aurora B is a critical target through which overexpressed Bub1 drives aneuploidization and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin M Ricke
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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27
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Barbosa J, Nascimento AV, Faria J, Silva P, Bousbaa H. The spindle assembly checkpoint: perspectives in tumorigenesis and cancer therapy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11515-011-1122-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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28
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Niikura Y, Ogi H, Kikuchi K, Kitagawa K. BUB3 that dissociates from BUB1 activates caspase-independent mitotic death (CIMD). Cell Death Differ 2010; 17:1011-24. [PMID: 20057499 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2009.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The cell death mechanism that prevents aneuploidy caused by a failure of the spindle checkpoint has recently emerged as an important regulatory paradigm. We previously identified a new type of mitotic cell death, termed caspase-independent mitotic death (CIMD), which is induced during early mitosis by partial BUB1 (a spindle checkpoint protein) depletion and defects in kinetochore-microtubule attachment. In this study, we have shown that survived cells that escape CIMD have abnormal nuclei, and we have determined the molecular mechanism by which BUB1 depletion activates CIMD. The BUB3 protein (a BUB1 interactor and a spindle checkpoint protein) interacts with p73 (a homolog of p53), specifically in cells wherein CIMD occurs. The BUB3 protein that is freed from BUB1 associates with p73 on which Y99 is phosphorylated by c-Abl tyrosine kinase, resulting in the activation of CIMD. These results strongly support the hypothesis that CIMD is the cell death mechanism protecting cells from aneuploidy by inducing the death of cells prone to substantial chromosome missegregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Niikura
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
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29
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Klebig C, Korinth D, Meraldi P. Bub1 regulates chromosome segregation in a kinetochore-independent manner. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 185:841-58. [PMID: 19487456 PMCID: PMC2711590 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.200902128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The kinetochore-bound protein kinase Bub1 performs two crucial functions during mitosis: it is essential for spindle checkpoint signaling and for correct chromosome alignment. Interestingly, Bub1 mutations are found in cancer tissues and cancer cell lines. Using an isogenic RNA interference complementation system in transformed HeLa cells and untransformed RPE1 cells, we investigate the effect of structural Bub1 mutants on chromosome segregation. We demonstrate that Bub1 regulates mitosis through the same mechanisms in both cell lines, suggesting a common regulatory network. Surprisingly, Bub1 can regulate chromosome segregation in a kinetochore-independent manner, albeit at lower efficiency. Its kinase activity is crucial for chromosome alignment but plays only a minor role in spindle checkpoint signaling. We also identify a novel conserved motif within Bub1 (amino acids 458–476) that is essential for spindle checkpoint signaling but does not regulate chromosome alignment, and we show that several cancer-related Bub1 mutants impair chromosome segregation, suggesting a possible link to tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Klebig
- Institute of Biochemistry, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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30
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Schliekelman M, Cowley DO, O'Quinn R, Oliver TG, Lu L, Salmon ED, Van Dyke T. Impaired Bub1 function in vivo compromises tension-dependent checkpoint function leading to aneuploidy and tumorigenesis. Cancer Res 2009; 69:45-54. [PMID: 19117986 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-07-6330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Bub1 is a serine/threonine kinase originally described as a core component of the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) mechanism in yeast. Bub1 binding at kinetochores has been reported to be required for SAC function and localization of other SAC components. A proper SAC is believed to be essential for murine embryonic development, as all previously described null mutations in SAC components in mice cause embryonic lethality. We produced mice harboring a Bub1 mutant allele lacking exons 2 and 3, resulting in a hypomorphic mutant expressed at <5% of wild-type levels. Despite this significant reduction, homozygous mutant animals are viable on a mixed 129P2/B6 or FVB background but display increased tumorigenesis with aging, whereas mice with a C57Bl/6J background die perinatally. Bub1 mutant murine embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) display defects in chromosome congression to the metaphase plate, severe chromosome missegregation, and aneuploidy accompanied by high levels of premature senescence. Mutant MEFs have a robust SAC in response to nocodazole treatment but an impaired response to Taxol. Mutant MEFs also show reduced kinetochore localization of BubR1, but not of Mad2. The significant reduction in SAC response to Taxol, but not nocodazole, coupled with the reduced binding of BubR1, but not Mad2, indicates that Bub1 is particularly critical for the SAC response to a lack of tension on kinetochores. Thus, Bub1 is essential for proper chromosome segregation, a defect that can lead to severe phenotypes, including perinatal lethality and a predisposition to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Schliekelman
- Curriculum in Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
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31
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Suijkerbuijk SJE, Kops GJPL. Preventing aneuploidy: the contribution of mitotic checkpoint proteins. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2008; 1786:24-31. [PMID: 18472014 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2008.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2008] [Revised: 02/18/2008] [Accepted: 04/08/2008] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Aneuploidy, an abnormal number of chromosomes, is a trait shared by most solid tumors. Chromosomal instability (CIN) manifested as aneuploidy might promote tumorigenesis and cause increased resistance to anti-cancer therapies. The mitotic checkpoint or spindle assembly checkpoint is a major signaling pathway involved in the prevention of CIN. We review current knowledge on the contribution of misregulation of mitotic checkpoint proteins to tumor formation and will address to what extent this contribution is due to chromosome segregation errors directly. We propose that both checkpoint and non-checkpoint functions of these proteins contribute to the wide array of oncogenic phenotypes seen upon their misregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia J E Suijkerbuijk
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, UMC Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
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32
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Doak SH. Aneuploidy in upper gastro-intestinal tract cancers--a potential prognostic marker? Mutat Res 2007; 651:93-104. [PMID: 18093868 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2007.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2007] [Accepted: 10/28/2007] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Chromosomal instability manifesting as aneuploidy is the most frequently observed abnormality in solid tumours. However, the role of aneuploidy as a cause or consequence of cancer remains a controversial topic. In this review, we focus on the karyotypic imbalances recorded for cancers of the upper gastro-intestinal (GI) tract, together with their associated pre-malignant lesions and the potential of aneuploidy as a clinical tool for patient management. Numeric chromosomal aberrations are common throughout gastro-oesophageal cancers and their precursor lesions. Additionally, specific chromosomal aneusomies have been identified as early changes in pre-dysplastic tissues suggesting they may be actively involved in driving tumourigenesis. As a progressive increase in the severity of aneuploidy with neoplastic progression has also been observed, it has thus been shown to be a useful prognostic indicator for patient classification as low or high-risk cases for cancer development. However, the biological basis for the aneuploidy in cancers of the upper GI tract needs to be established to understand its consequences and role during carcinogenesis, which is necessary for improving diagnostics and establishing novel targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shareen H Doak
- Institute of Life Science, School of Medicine, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, Wales, UK.
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33
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Jeganathan K, Malureanu L, Baker DJ, Abraham SC, van Deursen JM. Bub1 mediates cell death in response to chromosome missegregation and acts to suppress spontaneous tumorigenesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 179:255-67. [PMID: 17938250 PMCID: PMC2064762 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.200706015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The physiological role of the mitotic checkpoint protein Bub1 is unknown. To study this role, we generated a series of mutant mice with a gradient of reduced Bub1 expression using wild-type, hypomorphic, and knockout alleles. Bub1 hypomorphic mice are viable, fertile, and overtly normal despite weakened mitotic checkpoint activity and high percentages of aneuploid cells. Bub1 haploinsufficient mice, which have a milder reduction in Bub1 protein than Bub1 hypomorphic mice, also exhibit reduced checkpoint activity and increased aneuploidy, but to a lesser extent. Although cells from Bub1 hypomorphic and haploinsufficient mice have similar rates of chromosome missegregation, cell death after an aberrant separation decreases dramatically with declining Bub1 levels. Importantly, Bub1 hypomorphic mice are highly susceptible to spontaneous tumors, whereas Bub1 haploinsufficient mice are not. These findings demonstrate that loss of Bub1 below a critical threshold drives spontaneous tumorigenesis and suggest that in addition to ensuring proper chromosome segregation, Bub1 is important for mediating cell death when chromosomes missegregate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthik Jeganathan
- Department of Pediatrics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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34
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Niikura Y, Dixit A, Scott R, Perkins G, Kitagawa K. BUB1 mediation of caspase-independent mitotic death determines cell fate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 178:283-96. [PMID: 17620410 PMCID: PMC2064447 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.200702134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The spindle checkpoint that monitors kinetochore–microtubule attachment has been implicated in tumorigenesis; however, the relation between the spindle checkpoint and cell death remains obscure. In BUB1-deficient (but not MAD2-deficient) cells, conditions that activate the spindle checkpoint (i.e., cold shock or treatment with nocodazole, paclitaxel, or 17-AAG) induced DNA fragmentation during early mitosis. This mitotic cell death was independent of caspase activation; therefore, we named it caspase-independent mitotic death (CIMD). CIMD depends on p73, a homologue of p53, but not on p53. CIMD also depends on apoptosis-inducing factor and endonuclease G, which are effectors of caspase-independent cell death. Treatment with nocodazole, paclitaxel, or 17-AAG induced CIMD in cell lines derived from colon tumors with chromosome instability, but not in cells from colon tumors with microsatellite instability. This result was due to low BUB1 expression in the former cell lines. When BUB1 is completely depleted, aneuploidy rather than CIMD occurs. These results suggest that cells prone to substantial chromosome missegregation might be eliminated via CIMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Niikura
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
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35
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Weaver BAA, Cleveland DW. Does aneuploidy cause cancer? Curr Opin Cell Biol 2006; 18:658-67. [PMID: 17046232 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2006.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 388] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2006] [Accepted: 10/02/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Aneuploidy has been recognized as a common characteristic of cancer cells for >100 years. Aneuploidy frequently results from errors of the mitotic checkpoint, the major cell cycle control mechanism that acts to prevent chromosome missegregation. The mitotic checkpoint is often compromised in human tumors, although not as a result of germline mutations in genes encoding checkpoint proteins. Less obviously, aneuploidy of whole chromosomes rapidly results from mutations in genes encoding several tumor suppressors and DNA mismatch repair proteins, suggesting cooperation between mechanisms of tumorigenesis that were previously thought to act independently. Cumulatively, the current evidence suggests that aneuploidy promotes tumorigenesis, at least at low frequency, but a definitive test has not yet been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth A A Weaver
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0670, USA
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36
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Abstract
Faithful chromosome segregation during each cell division is regulated by the spindle checkpoint. This surveillance mechanism monitors kinetochore-microtubule attachment and the integrity of the mitotic apparatus, delaying mitotic exit until all chromosomes are properly aligned at the metaphase plate. Failure of this mechanism can generate gross aneuploidy. Since its discovery, mutations in genes involved in the spindle checkpoint response were predicted to be serious candidates for the chromosomal instability phenotype observed in many tumors. During the last few years, significant advances have been made in understanding the molecular basis of the spindle checkpoint. However, many studies of tumor cell lines and primary cancer isolates have failed to show a direct correlation with mutations in spindle checkpoint components. Nevertheless, it was shown that many tumor cells have an abnormal spindle checkpoint. Therefore, better understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in regulation of spindle checkpoint response are expected to provide important clues regarding the mechanisms underlying the emergence of neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla S Lopes
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
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37
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Iyengar P, Combs TP, Shah SJ, Gouon-Evans V, Pollard JW, Albanese C, Flanagan L, Tenniswood MP, Guha C, Lisanti MP, Pestell RG, Scherer PE. Adipocyte-secreted factors synergistically promote mammary tumorigenesis through induction of anti-apoptotic transcriptional programs and proto-oncogene stabilization. Oncogene 2003; 22:6408-23. [PMID: 14508521 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1206737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mammary epithelial cells are embedded in a unique extracellular environment to which adipocytes and other stromal cells contribute. Mammary epithelial cells are critically dependent on this milieu for survival. However, it remains unknown which adipocyte-secreted factors are required for the survival of the mammary epithelia and what role these adipokines play in the process of ductal carcinoma tumorigenesis. Here, we take a systematic molecular approach to investigate the multiple ways adipocytes and adipokines can uniquely influence the characteristics and phenotypic behavior of malignant breast ductal epithelial cells. Microarray analysis and luciferase reporter assays indicate that adipokines specifically induce several transcriptional programs involved in promoting tumorigenesis, including increased cell proliferation (IGF2, FOS, JUN, cyclin D1), invasive potential (MMP1, ATF3), survival (A20, NFkappaB), and angiogenesis. One of the key changes in the transformed ductal epithelial cells associated with the cell cycle involves the induction of NFkappaB (five-fold) and cyclin D1 (three-fold). We show that by regulating the transcription of these molecules, the synergistic activity of adipocyte-derived factors can potentiate MCF-7 cell proliferation. Furthermore, compared to other stromal cell-secreted factors, the full complement of adipokines shows an unparalleled ability to promote increased cell motility, migration, and the capacity for angiogenesis. Adipocyte-secreted factors can affect tumorigenesis by increasing the stabilization of pro-oncogenic factors such as beta-catenin and CDK6 as a result of a reduction in the gene expression of their inhibitors (i.e. p18). An in vivo coinjection system using 3T3-L1 adipocytes and SUM159PT cells effectively recapitulates the host-tumor interactions in primary tumors. Type VI collagen, a soluble extracellular matrix protein abundantly expressed in adipocytes, is further upregulated in adipocytes during tumorigenesis. It promotes GSK3beta phosphorylation, beta-catenin stabilization, and increased beta-catenin activity in breast cancer cells and may critically contribute towards tumorigenesis when not counterbalanced by other factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puneeth Iyengar
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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