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Shaheen N, Shaheen A, Diab RA, Saad AM, Abdelwahab OA, Soliman S, Hefnawy MT, Ramadan A, Meshref M, Nashwan AJ. Association of serum leptin and ghrelin levels with smoking status on body weight: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1296764. [PMID: 38111614 PMCID: PMC10725976 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1296764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Smoking cigarettes is a major global health problem that affects appetite and weight. The aim of this systematic review was to determine how smoking affected plasma leptin and ghrelin levels. Methods A comprehensive search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Ovid was conducted using a well-established methodology to gather all related publications. Results A total of 40 studies were included in the analysis of 11,336 patients. The overall effect showed a with a mean difference (MD) of -1.92[95%CI; -2.63: -1.20] and p = 0.00001. Subgroup analysis by study design revealed significant differences as well, but with high heterogeneity within the subgroups (I2 of 82.3%). Subgroup by sex showed that there was a significant difference in mean difference between the smoking and non-smoking groups for males (MD = -5.75[95% CI; -8.73: -2.77], p = 0.0002) but not for females (MD = -3.04[95% CI; -6.6:0.54], p = 0.10). Healthy, pregnant, diabetic and CVD subgroups found significant differences in the healthy (MD = -1.74[95% CI; -03.13: -0.35], p = 0.01) and diabetic (MD = -7.69[95% CI, -1.64: -0.73], p = 0.03). subgroups, but not in the pregnant or cardiovascular disease subgroups. On the other hand, the meta-analysis found no statistically significant difference in Ghrelin serum concentration between smokers and non-smokers (MD = 0.52[95% CI, -0.60:1.63], p = 0.36) and observed heterogeneity in the studies (I2 = 68%). Conclusion This study demonstrates a correlation between smoking and serum leptin/ghrelin levels, which explains smoking's effect on body weight. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/ prospero/display_record.php, identifier (Record ID=326680).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Shaheen
- Alexandria Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Shaheen
- Alexandria Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Rehab Adel Diab
- Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Medical Research Group of Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Omar Ahmed Abdelwahab
- Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Medical Research Group of Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sama Soliman
- Faculty of Medicine, The Pavlov First State Medical University of St. Petersburg, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Mahmoud Tarek Hefnawy
- Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Medical Research Group of Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Alaa Ramadan
- Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Mostafa Meshref
- Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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Adamska A, Popławska-Kita A, Siewko K, Łebkowska A, Krentowska A, Buczyńska A, Popławski Ł, Szumowski P, Szelachowska M, Krętowski AJ, Kowalska I. Body Composition and Serum Anti-Müllerian Hormone Levels in Euthyroid Caucasian Women With Hashimoto Thyroiditis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:657752. [PMID: 34393994 PMCID: PMC8358788 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.657752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Women with Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) are characterized by increased incidence of infertility and disturbances in body composition. Serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), which reflects functional ovarian reserve, is decreased in women with HT and it be related to body mass. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relation between serum levels of AMH and body composition in HT compared to control group. Patients and Methods We examined 85 euthyroid women: 39 subjects with HT and 46 control women. Body composition was analysed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and with bioimpedance method. Serum concentrations of AMH, leptin, TSH, thyroid hormones were assessed. Results We observed lower serum concentration of AMH in women with HT in comparison to the control group (p=0.01), but without differences in serum concentration of leptin between studied groups (p=0.28). Women with HT were characterized by higher %body fat (p=0.01) estimated with bioimpedance method without differences in BMI, android and gynoid fat mass and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) mass estimated with DXA method when compared to the control group (all p>0.05). We found a negative relationship between serum concentration of AMH and %body fat (r=-0.38,p=0.03) in women with HT. Additionally, in HT group, the relationship between serum levels of AMH and leptin was not statistically significant (r=0.01,p=0.96). We observed a relationship between serum concentration of leptin and BMI, %body fat mass, android, gynoid and VAT mass in HT and in the control group (all p<0.01). Conclusions Women with HT are characterized by lower levels of AMH and it is associated with higher fat mass, independently of serum levels of leptin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Adamska
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Anna Popławska-Kita
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Siewko
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Łebkowska
- Department of Internal Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Białystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Anna Krentowska
- Department of Internal Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Białystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Angelika Buczyńska
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Łukasz Popławski
- Department of Radiology, Medical University of Białystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Piotr Szumowski
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Szelachowska
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Adam Jacek Krętowski
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, Bialystok, Poland
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Białystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Irina Kowalska
- Department of Internal Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Białystok, Bialystok, Poland
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Fischer J, Völzke H, Kassubek J, Müller HP, Kühn JP, Nauck M, Friedrich N, Zylla S. Associations of a Panel of Adipokines with Fat Deposits and Metabolic Phenotypes in a General Population. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2020; 28:1550-1559. [PMID: 32627926 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study provides a comprehensive overview of the associations of five adipokines (adiponectin, chemerin, galectin-3, leptin, and resistin) with fat deposits, behavioral risk factors, and metabolic phenotypes. METHODS Using multivariable linear and logistic regression models, cross-sectional data from 4,116 participants of the population-based Study of Health in Pomerania were analyzed. RESULTS Participants with obesity showed higher chemerin, galectin-3, and leptin but showed lower adiponectin concentrations. Independently of other fat compounds, liver fat content, visceral adipose tissue, and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) were inversely associated with adiponectin. Independent positive associations of liver fat content and SAT with chemerin as well as of SAT with galectin-3 and leptin were observed. Physically inactive participants had higher chemerin and leptin concentrations. Smokers had higher chemerin and galectin-3 as well as lower leptin. Alcohol consumption was associated with adiponectin (positive) and resistin (inverse). All adipokines were associated with at least one lipid marker. Associations with glucose metabolism were seen for adiponectin, chemerin, galectin-3, and leptin. CONCLUSIONS High adiponectin concentrations were related to favorable metabolic conditions, whereas high chemerin, galectin-3, and leptin were associated with an unfavorable metabolic profile. High leptin seems to be primarily indicative of obesity, whereas high adiponectin and chemerin are associated with a broader range of metabolic phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Fischer
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jan Kassubek
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Jens-Peter Kühn
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Institute and Policlinic of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Matthias Nauck
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Nele Friedrich
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stephanie Zylla
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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Kianoush S, DeFilippis AP, Rodriguez CJ, Rifai MA, Benjamin EJ, Hall ME, Ouyang P, Allison MA, Blaha MJ. Race/Ethnicity-Specific Associations between Smoking, Serum Leptin, and Abdominal Fat: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Ethn Dis 2018; 28:531-538. [PMID: 30405297 DOI: 10.18865/ed.28.4.531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Smoking is a well-known cardiovascular risk factor associated with weight loss. We aimed to evaluate the association between smoking, serum leptin levels, and abdominal fat. Design Cross-sectional. Setting Data from examinations 2 or 3 (2002-2005) of the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). Participants 1,875 asymptomatic, community-dwelling adults. Main Outcome Measures We used multivariable linear regression models to assess the race/ethnicity-specific associations between smoking, serum logeleptin levels, and computed tomography ascertained abdominal fat. Results were adjusted for demographic and relevantclinical covariates. Results Participants (mean age 64.5±9.6 years; 50.6% women; 42.2% former, 11.4% current smokers) were White (40.1%), Hispanic (25.8%), African American (21.1%), and Chinese (13.0%). Overall, median (25th - 75th percentile) leptin levels were significantly lower among current (11.14 ng/mL; 4.13 - 26.18) and former smokers (11.68 ng/mL; 4.72 - 27.57), as compared with never smokers (15.61 ng/mL; 3.05 - 30.12) (P<.001). The difference in median leptin levels between current and never smokers were significantly higher for Hispanics (Δ9.64 ng/mL) and African Americans (Δ8.81 ng/mL) than Whites (Δ2.10 ng/mL) and Chinese (Δ4.70 ng/mL) (P<.001). After adjustment for total abdominal fat, loge-leptin levels remained lower for former (-.14 [-.22 - -.07]) and current (-.17 [-.28 - -.05]) smokers, compared with never smokers. Results differed by race/ethnicity, with significantly lower loge-leptin levels observed only among current and former African Americans and Hispanic smokers, compared with their never smoker counterparts. (Ps for interaction <.05). Conclusions Among smokers, leptin levels significantly vary by race/ethnicity. Former and current smoking are associated with lower leptin levels, although this may be restricted to Hispanics and African Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Kianoush
- Yale University, Department of Internal Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | | | - Carlos J Rodriguez
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Department of Public Health Sciences, Winston Salem, NC
| | - Mahmoud Al Rifai
- University of Kansas School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wichita, KS
| | | | - Michael E Hall
- University of Mississippi Medical Center, Department of Cardiology, Jackson, MS
| | - Pamela Ouyang
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Matthew A Allison
- University of California-San Diego, Department of Family Medicine / Public Health, La Jolla, CA
| | - Michael J Blaha
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Baltimore, MD
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Cabrera de León A, González DA, Méndez LIP, Aguirre-Jaime A, del Cristo Rodríguez Pérez M, Coello SD, Trujillo IC. Leptin and altitude in the cardiovascular diseases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 12:1492-8. [PMID: 15483214 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2004.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The lower mortality from coronary ischemic disease in populations living at high altitude has been related to an increase of high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol at altitude. Leptin has been proposed as a cardiovascular risk factor. We investigated whether leptin varies according to the altitude at which people live. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES This was a cross-sectional study of the first 889 people enrolled in a cohort study in the Canary Islands, Spain. The relationship among serum leptin, altitude, obesity, and other cardiovascular risk factors was analyzed by bivariate and multivariate tests. RESULTS Leptin levels showed an inverse correlation to altitude expressed in meters (r = -0.10). Obese subjects had this leptin-altitude association (r = -0.19), but they also had a direct correlation of leptin to HDL-cholesterol (r = 0.27) and an inverse correlation of leptin to the total cholesterol-to-HDL-cholesterol ratio (r = -0.34), triglycerides (r = -0.29), apolipoprotein B (r = -0.21), and glycemia (r = -0.19). Nonobese subjects had only the leptin-altitude association (r = -0.11). The final regression model included altitude as predictor. Other associated variables were gender, physical activity, BMI, age, smoking (reducing leptin independently of BMI), alcohol, heart rate, and income. DISCUSSION Serum leptin level decreases when altitude increases, and this association could help to explain the lower cardiovascular mortality rate at high altitude. However, because in obese subjects there is a direct association of leptin with HDL-cholesterol and an inverse association with the lipid atherogenic fractions, we suggest the hypothesis of different roles for bound and free leptin, with free leptin being a cardiovascular protective factor in obese people.
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