1
|
Aaspõllu A, Allmäe R, Puss F, Parson W, Pihkva K, Kriiska-Maiväli K, Unt A. The Unique Identification of an Unknown Soldier from the Estonian War of Independence. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:1722. [PMID: 34828329 PMCID: PMC8624759 DOI: 10.3390/genes12111722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of human remains is challenging mostly due to the bad condition of the remains and the available background information that is sometimes limited. The current case report is related to the identification of an unknown soldier from the Estonian War of Independence (1918-1920). The case includes an anthropological study of the remains, examinations of documents found with the exhumed remains, and kinship estimations based on archival documents, and DNA analyses. As the preliminary data pointed to remains of male origin, Y-chromosomal STR (short tandem repeat) analyses of 22 Y-STR loci were used to analyze the exhumed teeth. Reference samples from individuals from two paternal lineages were collected based on archival documents. Y-chromosomal STR results for the tooth samples were consistent with a patrilineal relationship to only one reference sample out of two proposed paternal lineages. Based on the provided pedigrees in the consistent case, the Y-STR results are approximately four million times more likely if the tooth sample originated from an individual related along the paternal line to the matching reference sample, than if the tooth sample originated from another person in the general population. Special considerations have to be met when limited evidence is available.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anu Aaspõllu
- Department of Nutrition Research, National Institute for Health Development, 11619 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Raili Allmäe
- Archaeological Research Collection, Tallinn University, 10130 Tallinn, Estonia;
| | - Fred Puss
- Faculty of Arts and Humanities, University of Tartu, 50090 Tartu, Estonia;
- Department on Language History, Dialects, and Finno-Ugric Languages, Institute of the Estonian Language, 10119 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Walther Parson
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
- Forensic Science Program, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Küllike Pihkva
- Preservation Department in Tartu, National Archives of Estonia, 50411 Tartu, Estonia;
| | | | - Arnold Unt
- Estonian War Museum-General Laidoner Museum, 74001 Tallinn, Estonia;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Muzzio M, Motti JMB, Paz Sepulveda PB, Yee MC, Cooke T, Santos MR, Ramallo V, Alfaro EL, Dipierri JE, Bailliet G, Bravi CM, Bustamante CD, Kenny EE. Population structure in Argentina. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196325. [PMID: 29715266 PMCID: PMC5929549 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We analyzed 391 samples from 12 Argentinian populations from the Center-West, East and North-West regions with the Illumina Human Exome Beadchip v1.0 (HumanExome-12v1-A). We did Principal Components analysis to infer patterns of populational divergence and migrations. We identified proportions and patterns of European, African and Native American ancestry and found a correlation between distance to Buenos Aires and proportion of Native American ancestry, where the highest proportion corresponds to the Northernmost populations, which is also the furthest from the Argentinian capital. Most of the European sources are from a South European origin, matching historical records, and we see two different Native American components, one that spreads all over Argentina and another specifically Andean. The highest percentages of African ancestry were in the Center West of Argentina, where the old trade routes took the slaves from Buenos Aires to Chile and Peru. Subcontinentaly, sources of this African component are represented by both West Africa and groups influenced by the Bantu expansion, the second slightly higher than the first, unlike North America and the Caribbean, where the main source is West Africa. This is reasonable, considering that a large proportion of the ships arriving at the Southern Hemisphere came from Mozambique, Loango and Angola.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Muzzio
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular (IMBICE) CCT-La Plata CONICET-CICPBA, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Josefina M. B. Motti
- Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, FACSO, NEIPHPA, Quequén, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paula B. Paz Sepulveda
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular (IMBICE) CCT-La Plata CONICET-CICPBA, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Muh-ching Yee
- Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Thomas Cooke
- Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - María R. Santos
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular (IMBICE) CCT-La Plata CONICET-CICPBA, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Emma L. Alfaro
- INECOA (Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas) UNJu-CONICET, Instituto de Biología de la Altura, Universidad Nacional de Jujuy, San Salvador de Jujuy, Jujuy, Argentina
| | - Jose E. Dipierri
- INECOA (Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas) UNJu-CONICET, Instituto de Biología de la Altura, Universidad Nacional de Jujuy, San Salvador de Jujuy, Jujuy, Argentina
| | - Graciela Bailliet
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular (IMBICE) CCT-La Plata CONICET-CICPBA, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudio M. Bravi
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular (IMBICE) CCT-La Plata CONICET-CICPBA, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Eimear E. Kenny
- Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Congenital Anomalies: Cluster Detection and Investigation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1031:535-557. [PMID: 29214591 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-67144-4_29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This work summarizes the main aspects to be considered around birth defects (or congenital anomalies) clusters. Most birth defects (BD), considered individually, fall into the definition of rare diseases (RD), according to their low frequency. Likewise, many RD are congenital, because their manifestations are present at birth or can be even evident before the delivery. It has been estimated that overall 7.9 million children are born each year with serious BD of genetic or partially genetic origin, and additional hundreds of thousands more are born with serious BD of post-conception origin.A "birth defect cluster" can be defined as an unusual aggregation of cases (grouped in place and time) that is suspected to be greater than expected, even though the expected number may not be known. These clusters are incidents or occurrences that let us turn the challenge of identifying the causal agent(s) involved in the origin of such clusters, into an opportunity to exert primary prevention, and thus achieve the ultimate goal of enabling infants being born healthy. Therefore, any program or system involved in BD surveillance and research should devote part of its activities to detect and investigate clusters, to ensure that such opportunity for primary prevention will be conveniently leveraged. Regardless the type of cluster, there are several phases that must be undertaken sequentially for proper control and the maximum benefit for the population: cluster detection, evaluation and investigation, management, adoption of preventive measures, and communication of the results to the public or target population.
Collapse
|
4
|
Dipierri J, Rodríguez-Larralde A, Barrai I, Camelo JL, Redomero EG, Rodríguez CA, Ramallo V, Bronberg R, Alfaro E. Random inbreeding, isonymy, and population isolates in Argentina. J Community Genet 2014; 5:241-8. [PMID: 24500769 PMCID: PMC4059845 DOI: 10.1007/s12687-013-0181-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Population isolates are an important tool in identifying and mapping genes of Mendelian diseases and complex traits. The geographical identification of isolates represents a priority from a genetic and health care standpoint. The purpose of this study is to analyze the spatial distribution of consanguinity by random isonymy (F ST) in Argentina and its relationship with the isolates previously identified in the country. F ST was estimated from the surname distribution of 22.6 million electors registered for the year 2001 in the 24 provinces, 5 geographical regions, and 510 departments of the country. Statistically significant spatial clustering of F ST was determined using the SaTScan V5.1 software. F ST exhibited a marked regional and departamental variation, showing the highest values towards the North and West of Argentina. The clusters of high consanguinity by random isonymy followed the same distribution. Recognized Argentinean genetic isolates are mainly localized at the north of the country, in clusters of high inbreeding. Given the availability of listings of surnames in high-capacity storage devices for different countries, estimating F ST from them can provide information on inbreeding for all levels of administrative subdivisions, to be used as a demographic variable for the identification of isolates within the country for public health purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José Dipierri
- Instituto de Biología de la Altura, Universidad Nacional de Jujuy, Avda. Bolivia 1661, 4600, San Salvador de Jujuy, Argentina,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
This is a guide for fieldwork in Population Medical Genetics research projects. Data collection, handling, and analysis from large pedigrees require the use of specific tools and methods not widely familiar to human geneticists, unfortunately leading to ineffective graphic pedigrees. Initially, the objective of the pedigree must be decided, and the available information sources need to be identified and validated. Data collection and recording by the tabulated method is advocated, and the involved techniques are presented. Genealogical and personal information are the two main components of pedigree data. While the latter is unique to each investigation project, the former is solely represented by gametic links between persons. The triad of a given pedigree member and its two parents constitutes the building unit of a genealogy. Likewise, three ID numbers representing those three elements of the triad is the record field required for any pedigree analysis. Pedigree construction, as well as pedigree and population data analysis, varies according to the pre-established objectives, the existing information, and the available resources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando A Poletta
- Estudio Colaborativo Latinoamericano de Malformaciones Congénitas, Instituto Nacional de Genética Médica Populacional, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil . ; Latin American Collaborative Study of Congenital Malformations, Center for Medical Education and Clinical Research, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ieda M Orioli
- Estudio Colaborativo Latinoamericano de Malformaciones Congénitas, Instituto Nacional de Genética Médica Populacional, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil . ; Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Eduardo E Castilla
- Estudio Colaborativo Latinoamericano de Malformaciones Congénitas, Instituto Nacional de Genética Médica Populacional, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil . ; Latin American Collaborative Study of Congenital Malformations, Center for Medical Education and Clinical Research, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Muzzio M, Ramallo V, Motti JMB, Santos MR, López Camelo JS, Bailliet G. Software for Y-haplogroup predictions: a word of caution. Int J Legal Med 2010; 125:143-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s00414-009-0404-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2009] [Accepted: 12/10/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
7
|
De genotipos e isonimias: análisis de correlación entre el apellido y el patrimonio genético heredado en el cromosoma Y en la población de tres departamentos del suroccidente colombiano. BIOMEDICA 2008. [DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.v28i3.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
8
|
Gender bias in the multiethnic genetic composition of central Argentina. J Hum Genet 2008; 53:662-674. [DOI: 10.1007/s10038-008-0297-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2008] [Accepted: 04/15/2008] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
9
|
Castilla EE, Orioli IM. ECLAMC: the Latin-American collaborative study of congenital malformations. Public Health Genomics 2005; 7:76-94. [PMID: 15539822 DOI: 10.1159/000080776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
DEFINITION ECLAMC ('Estudio Colaborativo Latino Americano de Malformaciones Congenitas') is a program for the clinical and epidemiological investigation of risk factors in the etiology of congenital anomalies in Latin-American hospitals, using a case-control methodological approach. It is a voluntary agreement among professionals lacking institutional base as well as designated budgets. ECLAMC has been usually funded by research-funding agencies rather than public health ministries. The National Research Councils of Argentina and Brazil have been the main sources of support during its 36 years of existence. Since vital and health statistics are unreliable in South America, ECLAMC collects all the information required for the denominators in a hospital-based sample of births. ECLAMC can be defined as a continental network of persons interested in research and prevention of birth defects. HISTORY AND EVOLUTION From the institutional point of view, ECLAMC has had headquarters in diverse centers of Argentina and Brazil, but always as an independent research project, without a defined administrative link. ECLAMC began operating in 1967, as an investigation limited to the city of Buenos Aires, Argentina, and it gradually expanded until covering all the 10 countries of South America as well as Costa Rica and the Dominican Republic. Even though ECLAMC has maintained essentially the same original experimental design since 1967, due to the data accumulated by the program, the increasing experience as well as the development in science, technical modifications occurred including a DNA bank and a fully informatized data handling system. Since 1974 ECLAMC has been a founder member of the International Clearinghouse for Birth Defects Monitoring Systems; since 1994 a WHO Collaborating Center for the Prevention of Congenital Malformations, and since 2000 a collaborating member of the NIH Global Netwok for Women's and Children's Health Research. METHODOLOGY The maternity hospital network of ECLAMC examines around 200,000 births per year. All major and minor anomalies diagnosed at birth in infants weighing 500 g or more are registered according to a manual of procedures. The next non-malformed baby of the same sex born in the same hospital is selected as a control subject for each case. Thus, a one-to-one healthy control group matched by sex, time and place of birth is obtained. As a system of epidemic surveillance, ECLAMC systematically observes the fluctuations in the frequencies of different malformations and, in the case of an alarm for a probable epidemic of a given malformation, at a given moment, and given area, it acts to identify its cause. As termination of pregnancy has severe legal restrictions in South America, prevention of birth defects should concentrate on primary, preconceptional and tertiary measures. Tertiary measures aim to avoid complications of the affected patients from the medical, psychological, and social standpoints.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo E Castilla
- ECLAMC, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Argentina.
| | | |
Collapse
|