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Cavalu S, Elbaramawi SS, Eissa AG, Radwan MF, S. Ibrahim T, Khafagy ES, Lopes BS, Ali MAM, Hegazy WAH, Elfaky MA. Characterization of the Anti-Biofilm and Anti-Quorum Sensing Activities of the β-Adrenoreceptor Antagonist Atenolol against Gram-Negative Bacterial Pathogens. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13088. [PMID: 36361877 PMCID: PMC9656717 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of bacterial resistance to antibiotics is an increasing public health issue that worsens with the formation of biofilms. Quorum sensing (QS) orchestrates the bacterial virulence and controls the formation of biofilm. Targeting bacterial virulence is promising approach to overcome the resistance increment to antibiotics. In a previous detailed in silico study, the anti-QS activities of twenty-two β-adrenoreceptor blockers were screened supposing atenolol as a promising candidate. The current study aims to evaluate the anti-QS, anti-biofilm and anti-virulence activities of the β-adrenoreceptor blocker atenolol against Gram-negative bacteria Serratia marcescens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Proteus mirabilis. An in silico study was conducted to evaluate the binding affinity of atenolol to S. marcescens SmaR QS receptor, P. aeruginosa QscR QS receptor, and P. mirabilis MrpH adhesin. The atenolol anti-virulence activity was evaluated against the tested strains in vitro and in vivo. The present finding shows considerable ability of atenolol to compete with QS proteins and significantly downregulated the expression of QS- and virulence-encoding genes. Atenolol showed significant reduction in the tested bacterial biofilm formation, virulence enzyme production, and motility. Furthermore, atenolol significantly diminished the bacterial capacity for killing and protected mice. In conclusion, atenolol has potential anti-QS and anti-virulence activities against S. marcescens, P. aeruginosa, and P. mirabilis and can be used as an adjuvant in treatment of aggressive bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Cavalu
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, P-ta 1 Decembrie 10, 410087 Oradea, Romania
| | - Samar S. Elbaramawi
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Ahmed G. Eissa
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Mohamed F. Radwan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tarek S. Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - El-Sayed Khafagy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Bruno Silvester Lopes
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough TS1 3BA, UK
- National Horizons Centre, Teesside University, Darlington DL1 1HG, UK
| | - Mohamed A. M. Ali
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh 11432, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Wael A. H. Hegazy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
- Pharmacy Program, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oman College of Health Sciences, Muscat 113, Oman
| | - Mahmoud A. Elfaky
- Department of Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Centre for Artificial Intelligence in Precision Medicines, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Alencar VC, Silva JDFDS, Vilas Boas RO, Farnézio VM, de Maria YNLF, Aciole Barbosa D, Almeida AT, de Souza EM, Müller-Santos M, Jabes DL, Menegidio FB, Costa de Oliveira R, Rodrigues T, Tersariol ILDS, Walmsley AR, Nunes LR. The Quorum Sensing Auto-Inducer 2 (AI-2) Stimulates Nitrogen Fixation and Favors Ethanol Production over Biomass Accumulation in Zymomonas mobilis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115628. [PMID: 34073173 PMCID: PMC8198075 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoinducer 2 (or AI-2) is one of the molecules used by bacteria to trigger the Quorum Sensing (QS) response, which activates expression of genes involved in a series of alternative mechanisms, when cells reach high population densities (including bioluminescence, motility, biofilm formation, stress resistance, and production of public goods, or pathogenicity factors, among others). Contrary to most autoinducers, AI-2 can induce QS responses in both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, and has been suggested to constitute a trans-specific system of bacterial communication, capable of affecting even bacteria that cannot produce this autoinducer. In this work, we demonstrate that the ethanologenic Gram-negative bacterium Zymomonas mobilis (a non-AI-2 producer) responds to exogenous AI-2 by modulating expression of genes involved in mechanisms typically associated with QS in other bacteria, such as motility, DNA repair, and nitrogen fixation. Interestingly, the metabolism of AI-2-induced Z. mobilis cells seems to favor ethanol production over biomass accumulation, probably as an adaptation to the high-energy demand of N2 fixation. This opens the possibility of employing AI-2 during the industrial production of second-generation ethanol, as a way to boost N2 fixation by these bacteria, which could reduce costs associated with the use of nitrogen-based fertilizers, without compromising ethanol production in industrial plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valquíria Campos Alencar
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), Alameda da Universidade, s/n, São Bernardo do Campo 09606-045, SP, Brazil; (V.C.A.); (J.d.F.d.S.S.); (V.M.F.); (T.R.)
- Núcleo Integrado de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes (UMC), Av. Dr. Cândido Xavier de Almeida Souza, 200, Mogi das Cruzes 08780-911, SP, Brazil; (R.O.V.B.); (Y.N.L.F.d.M.); (D.A.B.); (D.L.J.); (F.B.M.); (R.C.d.O.)
| | - Juliana de Fátima dos Santos Silva
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), Alameda da Universidade, s/n, São Bernardo do Campo 09606-045, SP, Brazil; (V.C.A.); (J.d.F.d.S.S.); (V.M.F.); (T.R.)
| | - Renata Ozelami Vilas Boas
- Núcleo Integrado de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes (UMC), Av. Dr. Cândido Xavier de Almeida Souza, 200, Mogi das Cruzes 08780-911, SP, Brazil; (R.O.V.B.); (Y.N.L.F.d.M.); (D.A.B.); (D.L.J.); (F.B.M.); (R.C.d.O.)
| | - Vinícius Manganaro Farnézio
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), Alameda da Universidade, s/n, São Bernardo do Campo 09606-045, SP, Brazil; (V.C.A.); (J.d.F.d.S.S.); (V.M.F.); (T.R.)
| | - Yara N. L. F. de Maria
- Núcleo Integrado de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes (UMC), Av. Dr. Cândido Xavier de Almeida Souza, 200, Mogi das Cruzes 08780-911, SP, Brazil; (R.O.V.B.); (Y.N.L.F.d.M.); (D.A.B.); (D.L.J.); (F.B.M.); (R.C.d.O.)
| | - David Aciole Barbosa
- Núcleo Integrado de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes (UMC), Av. Dr. Cândido Xavier de Almeida Souza, 200, Mogi das Cruzes 08780-911, SP, Brazil; (R.O.V.B.); (Y.N.L.F.d.M.); (D.A.B.); (D.L.J.); (F.B.M.); (R.C.d.O.)
| | - Alex Tramontin Almeida
- Setor de Ciências Biológicas-Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Rua Cel. Francisco H. dos Santos, 100, Curitiba 81531-980, PR, Brazil; (A.T.A.); (E.M.d.S.); (M.M.-S.)
| | - Emanuel Maltempi de Souza
- Setor de Ciências Biológicas-Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Rua Cel. Francisco H. dos Santos, 100, Curitiba 81531-980, PR, Brazil; (A.T.A.); (E.M.d.S.); (M.M.-S.)
| | - Marcelo Müller-Santos
- Setor de Ciências Biológicas-Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Rua Cel. Francisco H. dos Santos, 100, Curitiba 81531-980, PR, Brazil; (A.T.A.); (E.M.d.S.); (M.M.-S.)
| | - Daniela L. Jabes
- Núcleo Integrado de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes (UMC), Av. Dr. Cândido Xavier de Almeida Souza, 200, Mogi das Cruzes 08780-911, SP, Brazil; (R.O.V.B.); (Y.N.L.F.d.M.); (D.A.B.); (D.L.J.); (F.B.M.); (R.C.d.O.)
| | - Fabiano B. Menegidio
- Núcleo Integrado de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes (UMC), Av. Dr. Cândido Xavier de Almeida Souza, 200, Mogi das Cruzes 08780-911, SP, Brazil; (R.O.V.B.); (Y.N.L.F.d.M.); (D.A.B.); (D.L.J.); (F.B.M.); (R.C.d.O.)
| | - Regina Costa de Oliveira
- Núcleo Integrado de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes (UMC), Av. Dr. Cândido Xavier de Almeida Souza, 200, Mogi das Cruzes 08780-911, SP, Brazil; (R.O.V.B.); (Y.N.L.F.d.M.); (D.A.B.); (D.L.J.); (F.B.M.); (R.C.d.O.)
| | - Tiago Rodrigues
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), Alameda da Universidade, s/n, São Bernardo do Campo 09606-045, SP, Brazil; (V.C.A.); (J.d.F.d.S.S.); (V.M.F.); (T.R.)
| | - Ivarne Luis dos Santos Tersariol
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Três de Maio, 100, São Paulo 04044-020, SP, Brazil;
| | - Adrian R. Walmsley
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK;
| | - Luiz R. Nunes
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), Alameda da Universidade, s/n, São Bernardo do Campo 09606-045, SP, Brazil; (V.C.A.); (J.d.F.d.S.S.); (V.M.F.); (T.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-11-4996-8371 (ext. 4996-3166)
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Srinivasan R, Mohankumar R, Kannappan A, Karthick Raja V, Archunan G, Karutha Pandian S, Ruckmani K, Veera Ravi A. Exploring the Anti-quorum Sensing and Antibiofilm Efficacy of Phytol against Serratia marcescens Associated Acute Pyelonephritis Infection in Wistar Rats. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:498. [PMID: 29259923 PMCID: PMC5723315 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Quorum Sensing (QS) mechanism, a bacterial density-dependent gene expression system, governs the Serratia marcescens pathogenesis through the production of virulence factors and biofilm formation. The present study demonstrates the anti-quorum sensing (anti-QS), antibiofilm potential and in vivo protective effect of phytol, a diterpene alcohol broadly utilized as food additive and in therapeutics fields. In vitro treatment of phytol (5 and 10 μg/ml) showed decreasing level of biofilm formation, lipase and hemolysin production in S. marcescens compared to their respective controls. More, microscopic analyses confirmed the antibiofilm potential of phytol. The biofilm related phenomenons such as swarming motility and exopolysccharide productions were also inhibited by phytol. Furthermore, the real-time analysis elucidated the molecular mechanism of phytol which showed downregulation of fimA, fimC, flhC, flhD, bsmB, pigP, and shlA gene expressions. On the other hand, the in vivo rescue effect of phytol was assessed against S. marcescens associated acute pyelonephritis in Wistar rat. Compared to the infected and vehicle controls, the phytol treated groups (100 and 200 mg/kg) showed decreased level of bacterial counts in kidney, bladder tissues and urine samples on the 5th post infection day. As well, the phytol treatment showed reduced level of virulence enzymes such as lipase and protease productions compared to the infected and vehicle controls. Further, the infected and vehicle controls showed increasing level of inflammatory markers such as malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) productions. In contrast, the phytol treatment showed decreasing level of inflammatory markers. In histopathology, the uninfected animal showed normal kidney and bladder structure, wherein, the infected animals showed extensive infiltration of neutrophils in kidney and bladder tissues. In contrast, the phytol treatment showed normal kidney and bladder tissues. Additionally, the toxic effect of phytol (200 mg/kg) was assessed by single dose toxicity analysis. No changes were observed in hematological, biochemical profiles and histopathological analysis of vital organs in phytol treated animals compared to the untreated controls. Hence, this study suggested the potential use of phytol for its anti-QS, antibiofilm and anti-inflammatory properties against S. marcescens infections and their associated inflammation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ramar Mohankumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, National Facility for Drug Development for Academia, Pharmaceutical and Allied Industries, Bharathidasan Institute of Technology, Anna University, Tiruchirappalli, India
| | | | | | - Govindaraju Archunan
- Department of Animal Science, Centre for Pheromone Technology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India
| | | | - Kandasamy Ruckmani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, National Facility for Drug Development for Academia, Pharmaceutical and Allied Industries, Bharathidasan Institute of Technology, Anna University, Tiruchirappalli, India
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Abstract
Bacterial cells can produce and sense signal molecules, allowing the whole population to initiate a concerted action once a critical concentration (corresponding to a particular population density) of the signal has been reached, a phenomenon known as quorum sensing. One of the possible quorum sensing-regulated phenotypes is swarming, a flagella-driven movement of differentiated swarmer cells (hyperflagellated, elongated, multinucleated) by which bacteria can spread as a biofilm over a surface. The glycolipid or lipopeptide biosurfactants thereby produced function as wetting agent by reducing the surface tension. Quorum sensing systems are almost always integrated into other regulatory circuits. This effectively expands the range of environmental signals that influence target gene expression beyond population density. In this review, we first discuss the regulation of AHL-mediated surface migration and the involvement of other low-molecular-mass signal molecules (such as the furanosyl borate diester AI-2) in biosurfactant production of different bacteria. In addition, population density-dependent regulation of swarmer cell differentiation is reviewed. Also, several examples of interspecies signalling are reported. Different signal molecules either produced by bacteria (such as other AHLs and diketopiperazines) or excreted by plants (such as furanones, plant signal mimics) might influence the quorum sensing-regulated swarming behaviour in bacteria different from the producer. On the other hand, specific bacteria can reduce the local available concentration of signal molecules produced by others. In the last part, the role and regulation of a surface-associated movement in biofilm formation is discussed. Here we also describe how quorum sensing may disperse existing biofilms and control the interaction between bacteria and higher organisms (such as the Rhizobium-bean symbiosis).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Daniels
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, K. U. Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
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