1
|
Suchard MS, Martinson N, Malfeld S, de Assis Rosa D, Mackelprang RD, Lingappa J, Hou X, Rees H, Delany-Moretlwe S, Goldfein H, Ranchod H, Coetzee D, Otwombe K, Morris L, Tiemessen CT, Savulescu DM. Alloimmunity to Class 2 Human Leucocyte Antigens May Reduce HIV-1 Acquisition – A Nested Case-Control Study in HIV-1 Serodiscordant Couples. Front Immunol 2022; 13:813412. [PMID: 35401581 PMCID: PMC8987441 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.813412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Enveloped viruses, including the Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 (HIV), incorporate host proteins such as human leucocyte antigens (HLA) into their envelope. Pre-existing antibodies against HLA, termed HLA antibodies, may bind to these surface proteins and reduce viral infectivity. Related evidence includes macaque studies which suggest that xenoimmunization with HLA antigens may protect against simian immunodeficiency virus infection. Since HIV gp120 shows homology with class 2 HLA, including shared affinity for binding to CD4, class 2 HLA antibodies may influence HIV acquisition via binding to gp120 on the viral envelope. We conducted a nested case-control study on HIV serodiscordant couples, comparing the frequency of HLA antibodies among highly exposed persistently seronegative controls with those who went on to acquire HIV (HIV-seroconverters). We first performed low resolution HLA typing on 143 individuals who were HIV-infected at enrollment (index partners) and their corresponding sexual partners (115 highly exposed persistently seronegative individuals and 28 HIV-seroconverters). We then measured HLA class 1 and 2 antibodies in the highly exposed persistently seronegative individuals and HIV-seroconverters at early and late timepoints. We analyzed whether such antibodies were directed at HLA specificities of their HIV-infected index partners, and whether autoantibodies or complement-fixing class 2 HLA antibodies were present. Seventy-nine percent of highly exposed persistently seronegative individuals had HLA antibodies; 56% against class 1 and 50% against class 2 alleles. Half of the group of highly exposed persistently seronegative individuals, prior to seroconversion, expressed class 2 HLA antibodies, compared with only 29% of controls (p=0.05). HIV infection was a sensitizing event leading to de novo development of antibodies against HLA-A and HLA-B loci, but not against class 2 loci. HLA autoantibodies were present in 27% of highly exposed persistently seronegative individuals. Complement-fixing class 2 HLA antibodies did not differ significantly between highly exposed persistently seronegative individuals and seroconverters. In multivariable regression, presence of class 2 HLA antibodies at early timepoints was associated with reduced odds of HIV acquisition (odds ratio 0.330, confidence interval 0.112-0.976, p=0.045). These epidemiological data suggest that pre-existing class 2 HLA antibodies were associated with reduced odds of HIV acquisition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melinda S. Suchard
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases, A Division of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Chemical Pathology, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- *Correspondence: Melinda S. Suchard,
| | - Neil Martinson
- Perinatal Health Research Unit (PHRU), University of The Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Johns Hopkins University Centre for TB Research, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Susan Malfeld
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases, A Division of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Debbie de Assis Rosa
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Romel D. Mackelprang
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Jairam Lingappa
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Medicine and Department of Paediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Xuanlin Hou
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Helen Rees
- Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Sinead Delany-Moretlwe
- Wits Reproductive Health and HIV Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Hadassa Goldfein
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Heena Ranchod
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases, A Division of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Chemical Pathology, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - David Coetzee
- Division of Public Health Medicine, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Kennedy Otwombe
- Perinatal Health Research Unit (PHRU), University of The Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Lynn Morris
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases, A Division of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Virology Department, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Caroline T. Tiemessen
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases, A Division of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Virology Department, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Dana M. Savulescu
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases, A Division of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ertosun MG, Özkan Ö, Darbaş Ş, Özel D, Bilge U, Sayin Ekinci N, Yilmaz VT, Uçar F, Koçak H, Özkan Ö. The relationship between COVID-19 and HLA in kidney transplant recipients, an evaluation of predictive and prognostic factors. Clin Transplant 2021; 36:e14525. [PMID: 34726292 PMCID: PMC8646315 DOI: 10.1111/ctr.14525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to determine the predictive and prognostic factors for COVID-19 infection and its relationship with human leukocyte antigen (HLA) in kidney transplant recipients. MATERIAL AND METHOD Three hundred fifty kidney transplant recipients were included in the study. Recipients were divided into two groups: COVID-19(+) (n = 100) and control (n = 250). The relationships between HLA frequencies, COVID-19 infection, and prognostic factors (age, donor type, immunosuppression protocol, etc.) were then evaluated. Logistic regression analysis, heatmap, and decision tree methods were used to determine predictive and prognostic factors. The study was performed retrospectively. RESULTS Advanced age and deceased transplantation emerged as predictive of SARS-CoV-2 infection, while the presence of HLA-A*11, the HLA match ratio, and high-dose tacrolimus were identified as prognostic factors in kidney transplant recipients. HLA-A10, HLA-B*13, HLA-B22, and HLA-B*55 were shown to be associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection at univariate analysis, and HLA-B*57, HLA-DRB1*11, and HLA-DRB1*13 at logistic regression analysis. CONCLUSION HLA-A10, HLA-B*13, HLA-B*55, HLA-B*57, HLA-DRB1*11, and HLA-DRB1*13 were identified for the first time in the literature associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in kidney transplant recipients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Gökhan Ertosun
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey.,Tissue Typing and Transplantation Laboratory, Akdeniz University Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Özlenen Özkan
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Şule Darbaş
- Tissue Typing and Transplantation Laboratory, Akdeniz University Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Deniz Özel
- Statistical Consulting, Application and Research Center, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Uğur Bilge
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Nurten Sayin Ekinci
- Tissue Typing and Transplantation Laboratory, Akdeniz University Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Vural Taner Yilmaz
- Department of Internal Medicine Division of Nephrology, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Fahri Uçar
- Tissue Typing and Transplantation Laboratory, Akdeniz University Hospital, Antalya, Turkey.,Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Koçak
- Department of Internal Medicine Division of Nephrology, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Ömer Özkan
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Scherl M, Posch U, Obermoser G, Ammann C, Sepp N, Ulmer H, Dierich MP, Stoiber H, Falkensammer B. Targeting human immunodeficiency virus type 1 with antibodies derived from patients with connective tissue disease. Lupus 2016; 15:865-72. [PMID: 17211992 DOI: 10.1177/0961203306071405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
During the budding process, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) acquires several cellular proteins from the host. Thus, antibodies against self antigens found in sera patients with autoimmune disorders may cross react with host-derived or the HIV-specific proteins gp120 and gp41 on the viral envelope and probably neutralize HIV infection. To verify this hypothesis, 88 sera from HIV negative patients suffering from systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and other autoimmune disorders were analysed for cross reacting antibodies against HIV-1 by Western blot and FACS analysis indicating that antibodies cross-react with epitopes expressed on HIV infected or non-infected cells. Virus capture assays revealed that HIV-1IIIBwas directly recognized by 60% of sera from patients with autoimmune disorders. Sera were also tested in HIV neutralization assays with stimulated T cells. Reduction of the viral load by patient sera correlated with their reactivity in Western blot analysis. Complement further enhanced the reduction of viral titres, although no complement-mediated lysis was observed. These data suggest a possible protective role of auto-antibodies against HIV infection in lupus patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Scherl
- Department of Hygiene, Microbiology and Social Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Brinckmann S, da Costa K, van Gils MJ, Hallengärd D, Klein K, Madeira L, Mainetti L, Palma P, Raue K, Reinhart D, Reudelsterz M, Ruffin N, Seifried J, Schäfer K, Sheik-Khalil E, Sköld A, Uchtenhagen H, Vabret N, Ziglio S, Scarlatti G, Shattock R, Wahren B, Gotch F. Rational design of HIV vaccines and microbicides: report of the EUROPRISE network annual conference 2010. J Transl Med 2011; 9:40. [PMID: 21486446 PMCID: PMC3086860 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-9-40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2011] [Accepted: 04/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel, exciting intervention strategies to prevent infection with HIV have been tested in the past year, and the field is rapidly evolving. EUROPRISE is a network of excellence sponsored by the European Commission and concerned with a wide range of activities including integrated developmental research on HIV vaccines and microbicides from discovery to early clinical trials. A central and timely theme of the network is the development of the unique concept of co-usage of vaccines and microbicides. This review, prepared by the PhD students of the network captures much of the research ongoing between the partners. The network is in its 5th year and involves over 50 institutions from 13 European countries together with 3 industrial partners; GSK, Novartis and Sanofi-Pasteur. EUROPRISE is involved in 31 separate world-wide trials of Vaccines and Microbicides including 6 in African countries (Tanzania, Mozambique, South Africa, Kenya, Malawi, Rwanda), and is directly supporting clinical trials including MABGEL, a gp140-hsp70 conjugate trial and HIVIS, vaccine trials in Europe and Africa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Brinckmann
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Because complement is present in all fluids of the body, including serum, saliva and seminal fluid, and is found at mucosal surfaces and in the brain, all pathogens have to deal with complement proteins. Thus, immediately upon entering the host, independent on the route of infection, HIV activates the complement system. Although a first line of immune defense, complement cannot eliminate retroviral infections completely. RECENT FINDINGS Recent data indicate that complement, in concert with non-neutralizing antibodies, contributes to the control of HIV replication at early stages of infection. In parallel or at later stages, complement and non-neutralizing antibodies may counteract the immune response by enhancing HIV infection via complement and Fc-receptor-positive cells in 'cis' and 'trans'. SUMMARY This review highlights current knowledge in this field and emphasizes the contribution of complement and non-neutralizing antibodies in controlling versus and enhancing infection.
Collapse
|
6
|
Freissmuth D, Hiltgartner A, Stahl-Hennig C, Fuchs D, Tenner-Racz K, Racz P, Uberla K, Strasak A, Dierich MP, Stoiber H, Falkensammer B. Analysis of humoral immune responses in rhesus macaques vaccinated with attenuated SIVmac239Deltanef and challenged with pathogenic SIVmac251. J Med Primatol 2009; 39:97-111. [PMID: 20015159 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0684.2009.00398.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To determine the correlation between protection and humoral immune response against simian immunodeficiency virus (SIVmac251), 11 macaques were immunized with live-attenuated SIVmac239Deltanef either intravenously or via the tonsils and exposed to SIVmac251 after either 6 or 15 months along with unvaccinated controls. RESULTS Independent of the route of vaccine application, viremia was significantly reduced in vaccinees compared with controls 2 weeks post-challenge. Concomitantly, viremia correlated inversely with SIV-specific IgG, complement-mediated lysis and neutralizing antibodies and these parameters seemed to contribute to reduced viremia. During chronic infection, six monkeys controlled viremia in the circulation (two or fewer infectious units per 10(6) PBMCs) and showed no signs of trapping in lymphatic tissues (Appendix S1). CONCLUSIONS As no significant differences were observed throughout the study, with respect to the humoral immune response and viremia control, between the two vaccinated cohorts, mucosal immunization strategies are recommended due to more simplified application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Doris Freissmuth
- Department of Hygiene, Microbiology and Social Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hildgartner A, Wilflingseder D, Gassner C, Dierich MP, Stoiber H, Bánki Z. Induction of complement-mediated lysis of HIV-1 by a combination of HIV-specific and HLA allotype-specific antibodies. Immunol Lett 2009; 126:85-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2009.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2009] [Revised: 08/11/2009] [Accepted: 08/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
8
|
Stoiber H, Soederholm A, Wilflingseder D, Gusenbauer S, Hildgartner A, Dierich MP. Complement and antibodies: a dangerous liaison in HIV infection? Vaccine 2009; 26 Suppl 8:I79-85. [PMID: 19388170 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.11.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Due to ongoing recombination and mutations, HIV permanently escapes from neutralizing antibody (nAb) responses of the host. By the masking of epitopes or shedding of gp120, HIV-1 further impedes an efficient neutralization by Abs. Therefore, nAbs responses of the host are chasing behind a rapidly evolving virus and mainly non-neutralizing antibodies (non-nAbs) are present in the host. At the same time, complement deposition on immune-complexed HIV may counteract the immune response by enhancing the infection. On the other hand, complement-mediated lysis is a putative effector mechanism to control viral replication. Here we review the complex interplay between complement, neutralizing and non-neutralizing Abs during HIV infection and discuss the contribution of Abs and complement in blocking versus enhancing the course of infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heribert Stoiber
- Department Hygiene and Microbiology, Innsbruck Medical University, Fritz-Preglstr. 3, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Reggeti F, Bienzle D. Alloimmunity does not protect from challenge with the feline immunodeficiency virus. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2008; 124:152-62. [PMID: 18471896 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2008.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2008] [Revised: 02/27/2008] [Accepted: 03/07/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Immune responses against polymorphic host molecules incorporated into lentiviral envelopes during cell budding have induced protection against primate immunodeficiency virus infection. Dendritic cells (DCs) express high levels of MHC molecules and are infectable by lentiviruses. Therefore, in this pilot study we addressed the hypothesis that immunization of cats with allogeneic DC would induce immune responses that protect against challenge with the feline immunodeficiency virus. Two groups of 3 cats each received 3 subcutaneous injections of allogeneic or autologous DC, and were then challenged with viruses propagated in the immunizing DC. Infection status and lymphocyte parameters of cats were assessed during 6 weeks after challenge. MHC II antigens were incorporated into viral particles as identified by Western blot; and antibodies reactive with MHC class II antigens were detected in the serum of cats immunized with allogeneic but not autologous DC. After challenge, all cats had proviral DNA in blood leukocytes from 2 weeks post-challenge onward and seroconverted. Cats immunized with allogeneic DC maintained higher total and CD21(+) lymphocyte concentrations, and higher CD4(+)/CD8(+) lymphocyte ratios; however, these differences were not significantly different from cats that received autologous DC immunizations. Plasma viral load was not significantly different between groups of cats (p=0.204). These results suggest that immunization of cats with allogeneic DC does not induce protective immunity against FIV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Reggeti
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Quantitation of HLA proteins incorporated by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and assessment of neutralizing activity of anti-HLA antibodies. J Virol 2007; 82:428-34. [PMID: 17942547 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00638-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human anti-human leukocyte antigen (HLA) antibodies were assessed for neutralizing activity against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) carrying HLA alleles with matching specificity. Multiparous women carrying anti-HLA antibodies were identified. Plasma samples from those women were confirmed as having antibodies that specifically bound to HLA proteins expressed on the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of their husbands. A primary HIV-1 isolate was cultured in the husband's PBMCs so that the virus carried matching HLA alleles. To determine the HIV-1-neutralizing activity of anti-HLA antibodies, the infectivity of the virus for GHOST cells (which express green fluorescent protein after HIV infection) was investigated in the presence of a plasma sample positive for the respective anti-HLA antibody. A neutralization assay was also performed using purified immunoglobulin G (IgG) from two plasma samples, and two plasma samples were investigated in the presence of complement. The prerequisite for anti-HLA antibody-mediated neutralization is incorporation of HLA proteins by HIV-1. Therefore, the extent of incorporation of HLA proteins by the primary HIV-1 isolate was estimated. The ratios of HLA class I protein to HIV-1 capsid (p24) protein cultured in the PBMCs of two healthy individuals were 0.017 and 0.054. These ratios suggested that the HIV-1 strain used in the assay incorporated more HLA proteins than gp160 trimers. Anti-HLA antibody-positive plasma was found to contain antibodies that specifically reacted to HIV-1 carrying cognate HLA alleles. However, incubation of HIV-1 with anti-HLA antibody- positive plasma or purified IgG did not show a reduction in viral infectivity. HIV-1-neutralizing activity was also not detected in the presence of complement. This study shows that HIV-1 primary isolates cultured in PBMCs contain significant amounts of HLA proteins. However, the binding of antibodies to those HLA proteins does not mediate a reduction in viral infectivity.
Collapse
|