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2D-QSAR and 3D-QSAR/CoMSIA Studies on a Series of (R)-2-((2-(1H-Indol-2-yl)ethyl)amino)-1-Phenylethan-1-ol with Human β₃-Adrenergic Activity. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22030404. [PMID: 28273884 PMCID: PMC6155312 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22030404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The β₃ adrenergic receptor is raising as an important drug target for the treatment of pathologies such as diabetes, obesity, depression, and cardiac diseases among others. Several attempts to obtain selective and high affinity ligands have been made. Currently, Mirabegron is the only available drug on the market that targets this receptor approved for the treatment of overactive bladder. However, the FDA (Food and Drug Administration) in USA and the MHRA (Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency) in UK have made reports of potentially life-threatening side effects associated with the administration of Mirabegron, casting doubts on the continuity of this compound. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to gather information for the rational design and synthesis of new β₃ adrenergic ligands. Herein, we present the first combined 2D-QSAR (two-dimensional Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship) and 3D-QSAR/CoMSIA (three-dimensional Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship/Comparative Molecular Similarity Index Analysis) study on a series of potent β₃ adrenergic agonists of indole-alkylamine structure. We found a series of changes that can be made in the steric, hydrogen-bond donor and acceptor, lipophilicity and molar refractivity properties of the compounds to generate new promising molecules. Finally, based on our analysis, a summary and a regiospecific description of the requirements for improving β₃ adrenergic activity is given.
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Qiao J, Zhao H, Zhang Y, Peng H, Chen Q, Zhang H, Zheng X, Jin Y, Ni H, Duan E, Guo Y. GPR39 is region-specifically expressed in mouse oviduct correlating with the Zn 2+ distribution. Theriogenology 2016; 88:98-105. [PMID: 27865419 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2014] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptor 39 (GPR39) plays a role in cellular and physiological processes, including insulin secretion, cell death inhibition, wound healing, and obesity. Increasing evidence suggests that GPR39 is potently stimulated by zinc ions (Zn2+) and is therefore considered a putative Zn2+ receptor. Given the importance of Zn2+ in the reproductive system, we proposed that GPR39 might have a functional role in the reproductive system. However, the localization of GPR39 in the reproductive system remains unknown. Here, we used mice expressing a Gpr39 promoter-driven LacZ reporter system to detect Gpr39 expression in the reproductive system at different phases of the estrous cycle and found an interesting region-specific distribution of Gpr39 in the mouse oviduct epithelium, with strong expression at the ampulla and weak expression at the isthmus, which was consistent with the results using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence. Moreover, using ZnSeAMG staining, we found that Zn2+, the putative ligand of GPR39, also found a distribution similar to GPR39 expression, suggesting that their potential interaction mediates fertilization and embryo transportation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingqiao Qiao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Huashan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongying Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - He Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xueying Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Yaping Jin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hemin Ni
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Enkui Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Yong Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China.
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Lim J, Sabandal PR, Fernandez A, Sabandal JM, Lee HG, Evans P, Han KA. The octopamine receptor Octβ2R regulates ovulation in Drosophila melanogaster. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104441. [PMID: 25099506 PMCID: PMC4123956 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oviposition is induced upon mating in most insects. Ovulation is a primary step in oviposition, representing an important target to control insect pests and vectors, but limited information is available on the underlying mechanism. Here we report that the beta adrenergic-like octopamine receptor Octβ2R serves as a key signaling molecule for ovulation and recruits protein kinase A and Ca2+/calmodulin-sensitive kinase II as downstream effectors for this activity. We found that the octβ2r homozygous mutant females are sterile. They displayed normal courtship, copulation, sperm storage and post-mating rejection behavior but were unable to lay eggs. We have previously shown that octopamine neurons in the abdominal ganglion innervate the oviduct epithelium. Consistently, restored expression of Octβ2R in oviduct epithelial cells was sufficient to reinstate ovulation and full fecundity in the octβ2r mutant females, demonstrating that the oviduct epithelium is a major site of Octβ2R’s function in oviposition. We also found that overexpression of the protein kinase A catalytic subunit or Ca2+/calmodulin-sensitive protein kinase II led to partial rescue of octβ2r’s sterility. This suggests that Octβ2R activates cAMP as well as additional effectors including Ca2+/calmodulin-sensitive protein kinase II for oviposition. All three known beta adrenergic-like octopamine receptors stimulate cAMP production in vitro. Octβ1R, when ectopically expressed in the octβ2r’s oviduct epithelium, fully reinstated ovulation and fecundity. Ectopically expressed Octβ3R, on the other hand, partly restored ovulation and fecundity while OAMB-K3 and OAMB-AS that increase Ca2+ levels yielded partial rescue of ovulation but not fecundity deficit. These observations suggest that Octβ2R have distinct signaling capacities in vivo and activate multiple signaling pathways to induce egg laying. The findings reported here narrow the knowledge gap and offer insight into novel strategies for insect control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junghwa Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Border Biomedical Research Center/Neuroscience and Metabolic Disorders, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, United States of America
| | - Paul R. Sabandal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Border Biomedical Research Center/Neuroscience and Metabolic Disorders, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ana Fernandez
- Department of Biological Sciences, Border Biomedical Research Center/Neuroscience and Metabolic Disorders, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, United States of America
| | - John Martin Sabandal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Border Biomedical Research Center/Neuroscience and Metabolic Disorders, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, United States of America
| | - Hyun-Gwan Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Border Biomedical Research Center/Neuroscience and Metabolic Disorders, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, United States of America
| | - Peter Evans
- The Inositide Laboratory, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kyung-An Han
- Department of Biological Sciences, Border Biomedical Research Center/Neuroscience and Metabolic Disorders, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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