1
|
Dong R, Jin Q, Zhi J, Luo Y, Yuan J, Pi L, Nan M, Jin Z, Jin C. Mussel adhesive protein treatment delivered by microneedling for sensitive skin: A clinical study. J Cosmet Dermatol 2023; 22:1835-1843. [PMID: 36718821 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mussel adhesive protein (MAP) is extracted from the mycelial glands of marine mussels. It has anti-inflammatory properties and may relieve skin itching and other symptoms. AIMS Based on the anti-inflammatory effect of MAP, this study was designed to treat sensitive skin (SS) using MAP delivered by skin microneedling. PATIENTS/METHODS Twenty-three Chinese female patients with SS were enrolled. Treatments were delivered three times at one-month intervals. Symptom improvement and recurrence rates, treatment safety, and patient satisfaction levels were evaluated. RESULTS After one course of treatment, 20 patients had a Symptom Score Reducing Index (SSRI) of >20%, with an effectiveness rate of 87%. At the end of treatment, all patients had an SSRI of >20%, and the effectiveness rate was 100%. Dryness, tightness, desquamation, flushing, burning, itching, and tingling improved. After treatment, the Clinical Erythema Assessment and Lesion Severity Index of Facial Telangiectasia scores were significantly decreased. Clinical photographs following treatment revealed improved erythema reaction and decreased capillary density. During treatment, the patients experienced mild pain and erythema and swelling reaction without exudation. Complications, such as pigmentation changes or scarring, were absent. Additionally, there were no cases of recurrence, and patient satisfaction levels were high. CONCLUSION MAP combined with microneedling can help treat SS, showing satisfactory safety outcomes and high patient satisfaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richeng Dong
- Department of Dermatology, Suzhou Mylike Cosmetic Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Qingmei Jin
- Department of Dermatology, Suzhou Mylike Cosmetic Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiahui Zhi
- Department of Dermatology, Suzhou Mylike Cosmetic Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Yinli Luo
- Department of Medical Cosmetology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, China
| | - Jiachen Yuan
- Department of Medical Cosmetology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, China
| | - Longquan Pi
- Department of Medical Cosmetology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, China
| | - Meilan Nan
- Department of Medical Cosmetology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, China
| | - Zhehu Jin
- Department of Medical Cosmetology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, China
| | - Chenglong Jin
- Department of Dermatology, Suzhou Mylike Cosmetic Hospital, Suzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yan S, Zhao J, Han Y, Wang R, Bai K, Ge J, Pan Y, Zhao H. The Challenges in Investigating the Pathogenesis of Sensitive Skin by Noninvasive Measurements: A Systematic Review. CLINICAL, COSMETIC AND INVESTIGATIONAL DERMATOLOGY 2023; 16:237-251. [PMID: 36726811 PMCID: PMC9885880 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s392925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Sensitive skin (SS) is a common cutaneous condition that seriously affects people's quality of life, but studies of sensitive skin pathogenesis are unclear, the exploration are ongoing, and the biophysical properties of sensitive skin disagree with the study results. In this paper, we summarize the noninvasive biophysical and imaging instrumental methods used for sensitive skin and provide support for the classification of sensitive skin subtypes to prescribe precise treatment. PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched according to PRISMA guidelines for articles from January 1971 to May 2022 that used noninvasive biophysical or imaging methods to monitor adult subjects with sensitive skin. The quality of the included articles was determined based on 22 items of the STrengthening the Reporting of OBservational studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement. A total of 55 studies were included, representing 8 biophysical and 5 imaging methods and their applications in treatment efficacy evaluation studies. The biophysical parameter and cutaneous morphological property changes in sensitive skin subjects were observed. The quality of the studies was relatively low, and there was high variability in results between studies. Several parameters have shown tremendous potential in exploring the pathogenesis with different sensitive skin subtypes: type I may be detected with higher transepidermal water loss and lower stratum corneum hydration values, as well as with thinner epidermis with a shallower and more irregular honeycomb structure; Type II and III are more prone to higher blood flow, lower current perception threshold than normal skin. This systematic review identifies key reasons for the lack of uniform trends in noninvasive measurements and recommends the use of effective selection instruments or relevant parameters to explore the pathogenesis of sensitive skin, and to differentiate the subtypes of sensitive skin for achieving the precise treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Yan
- Department of Cosmetics, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, People’s Republic of China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Research and Development, Beijing, 100048, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinfeng Zhao
- Department of Cosmetics, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, People’s Republic of China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Research and Development, Beijing, 100048, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuqing Han
- Department of Cosmetics, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, People’s Republic of China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Research and Development, Beijing, 100048, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Cosmetics, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, People’s Republic of China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Research and Development, Beijing, 100048, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kexuan Bai
- Department of Cosmetics, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, People’s Republic of China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Research and Development, Beijing, 100048, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junxin Ge
- Department of Cosmetics, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, People’s Republic of China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Research and Development, Beijing, 100048, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yao Pan
- Department of Cosmetics, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, People’s Republic of China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Research and Development, Beijing, 100048, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Yao Pan, Department of Cosmetics, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, 11 Fu Cheng Road, Hai Dian District, Beijing, 10048, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-10-68984937, Email
| | - Hua Zhao
- Department of Cosmetics, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, People’s Republic of China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Research and Development, Beijing, 100048, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ye C, Zhang Y, Su Z, Wu S, Li Y, Yi J, Lai W, Chen J, Zheng Y. hMSC exosomes as a novel treatment for female sensitive skin: An in vivo study. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1053679. [PMID: 36338115 PMCID: PMC9633936 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1053679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Recent studies have reported that the incidence of sensitive skin is increasing. Skin sensitivity and skin barrier functions were related to many skin diseases including atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, rosacea, and so on. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived exosomes (hMSC) might be considered as a new effective therapeutic scheme. Aims: This study aims to investigate the safety and efficacy of hMSC exosomes as a novel topical treatment for sensitive skin. Patients/Methods: Exosomes were extracted from primary hMSC via ultracentrifugation method. The morphology of hMSC exosomes was studied via transmission electron microscope. Expression of exosome specific surface marker was detected via Western blot. 22 subjects (female, aged 18–55) diagnosed with sensitive skin were enrolled. Follow-up was conducted before, 7-day, 14-day, and 28-day after hMSC exosomes use. Transepidermal water loss (TEWL), surface hydration, sebum secretion, and L*a*b* value were simultaneously tested at the same time point in an environment-controlled room. Results: Under transmission electron microscopy, the extracted hMSC exosomes were circular or elliptical with intact membrane structure, and their diameters ranged mainly from 40 to 80 nm. Western blot showed that the expression of markers CD63, CD9, and Tsg101 was positive. Brownian motion based nanoparticle trajectory analysis (NTA) showed that the main peak of particle size distribution occurred around 96 nm, the average particle size was 122 nm, and the main peak accounted for 96.7%. All this conformed to the biological characteristics of exosomes standardized by the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles. In the clinical trial, scores of objective symptoms including roughness, scales, erythema, and subjective symptoms including tension, burning, or itching, were improved after 7-, 14-, and 28- day using hMSC-exosomes. TEWL, hydration, sebum, pH, and a* values were tended to return to the level of healthy skin. Conclusion: The hMSC-exosomes, with the advantages of biocompatibility and biodegradability, could improve clinical symptoms and eruptions in sensitive skin patients, and might be as an MSC cell-free novel therapy in sensitive skin-related disease treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Congxiu Ye
- Department of Dermato-venereology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yunqing Zhang
- Department of Dermato-venereology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhen Su
- Department of Dermato-venereology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuxia Wu
- AIE Bioscience (Guangdong) Co., LTD., Torch Development Zone, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuxia Li
- AIE Bioscience (Guangdong) Co., LTD., Torch Development Zone, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinling Yi
- Department of Dermato-venereology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Lai
- Department of Dermato-venereology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Lai, ; Jian Chen, ; Yue Zheng,
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Dermato-venereology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Lai, ; Jian Chen, ; Yue Zheng,
| | - Yue Zheng
- Department of Dermato-venereology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Lai, ; Jian Chen, ; Yue Zheng,
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Diagnosis and Treatment of Sensitive Skin Syndrome: An Algorithm for Clinical Practice. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adengl.2019.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
|
5
|
Guerra-Tapia A, Serra-Baldrich E, Prieto Cabezas L, González-Guerra E, López-Estebaranz JL. Diagnosis and Treatment of Sensitive Skin Syndrome: An Algorithm for Clinical Practice. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2019; 110:800-808. [PMID: 31146882 DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2018.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensitive skin has traditionally been viewed as a cosmetic problem or as a purely psychosomatic alteration with a major subjective component. Different studies of its pathophysiologic etiology, however, have shown it to be a complex entity that several authors now consider to be a neurodermatological syndrome. Because of this complexity, skin sensitivity can be difficult to diagnose and treat, particularly considering that it may present with another disease. Simple tools applicable to clinical practice are thus necessary to identify and manage this disease as an independent entity. In this study, we perform a practical review of the most recent scientific advances in the area of sensitive skin that justify it being considered an individual entity, and provide tools for its identification and treatment. We propose diagnostic and treatment algorithms based on evidence from the literature and our experience and expertise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Guerra-Tapia
- Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, España; Sección de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, España.
| | - E Serra-Baldrich
- Servicio Dermatología, Hospital Sant Pau, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, España
| | | | - E González-Guerra
- Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, España; Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, España
| | - J L López-Estebaranz
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón, Alcorcón, Madrid, España; Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, España
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bacterial vaginosis: An insight into the prevalence, alternative treatments regimen and it's associated resistance patterns. Microb Pathog 2018; 127:21-30. [PMID: 30502515 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) is a complex polymicrobial infection of vagina that shifts the paradigms of vaginal flora from lactobacilli to opportunistic pathogens. BV is catagorized by greyish white discharge, pH greater than 4.5. It results in the preterm labor, abortion, pelvic inflammatory disorders, post cesarean infections. BV is associated with Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) or immune deficiency disorders like Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Human Papilloma Virus, Herpes Simplex Virus 1 and 2, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. The prevalence rate is about 21.2 million (29.2%) worldwide. BV is more frequent in black females as compared to white females, independent of geographical distribution. Globally, BV is treated with the current recommended antibiotic therapy including Metronidazole and Clindamycin. The recurrence rates are 76% and occur within 06 months of treatment due to antibiotic resistance against pathogenic bacteria and their biofilms. The antibiotic resistance is a global health issue which directs the attentions towards other treatments. One of these is the treatment of sex partners, thus helping to stop the recurrence rates in females. However, this method does not show any positive results. Probiotic therapy is an incorporation of Lactobacilli orally or intravaginally for the recolonization of healthy microbes. This therapy has exhibited promising results but some studies revealed that Probiotic therapy does not control the recurrence rate. The other methods are in trials period and none of them are used clinically or commercially available for the treatment. The thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) intravaginal rings contain lactic acid and metronidazole showed promising results in trials of BV treatment. The vaginal acidifiers are used as an alternative method to maintain the vaginal pH but the process of douching is a major limitation. The activated charcoal is used to treat BV patients in clinical trials showed decrease in the pH with only 3.1% loss of lactobacilli. Phage therapy is a reemerging field to overcome the bacterial resistance. They are host specific and easier to handle. They can be used naturally, synthetically; phage cocktails and phage-antibiotics combination can be used. Phages show auspicious results for the treatment of bacterial infections as compared to antibiotics as they also treat biofilms. This is one of the promising therapy in future to treat infections with no side effects. Phage therapy can be used in pharmaceuticals according to Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guidelines. Taken together, it is suggested that large funding is required by pharmaceutical sector or government for further investigation of bacteriophages to be used against BV pathogenesis.
Collapse
|
7
|
Misery L, Loser K, Ständer S. Sensitive skin. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2016; 30 Suppl 1:2-8. [PMID: 26805416 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.13532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Sensitive skin is a clinical condition defined by the self-reported facial presence of different sensory perceptions, including tightness, stinging, burning, tingling, pain and pruritus. Sensitive skin may occur in individuals with normal skin, with skin barrier disturbance, or as a part of the symptoms associated with facial dermatoses such as rosacea, atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. Although experimental studies are still pending, the symptoms of sensitive skin suggest the involvement of cutaneous nerve fibres and neuronal, as well as epidermal, thermochannels. Many individuals with sensitive skin report worsening symptoms due to environmental factors. It is thought that this might be attributed to the thermochannel TRPV1, as it typically responds to exogenous, endogenous, physical and chemical stimuli. Barrier disruptions and immune mechanisms may also be involved. This review summarizes current knowledge on the epidemiology, potential mechanisms, clinics and therapy of sensitive skin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Misery
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, Brest, France
| | - K Loser
- Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - S Ständer
- Center for Chronic Pruritus (KCP), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Trowbridge MM, Wang B, Gutshall D, Rodenberg CA, Farage MA. A randomized, controlled trial comparing skin health effects and comfort of two adult incontinence protective underwear. Skin Res Technol 2016; 23:202-211. [DOI: 10.1111/srt.12320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. M. Trowbridge
- Department of Global Clinical Sciences; The Procter & Gamble Co; Cincinnati OH USA
| | - B. Wang
- Department of Quantitative Sciences; The Procter & Gamble Co; Cincinnati OH USA
| | - D. Gutshall
- Department of Central Product Safety; The Procter & Gamble Co; Cincinnati OH USA
| | - C. A. Rodenberg
- Department of Quantitative Sciences; The Procter & Gamble Co; Cincinnati OH USA
| | - M. A. Farage
- Department of Global Clinical Sciences; The Procter & Gamble Co; Cincinnati OH USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Vongsa RA, Minerath RA, Busch MA, Tan J, Koenig DW. In vitro evaluation of nutrients that selectively confer a competitive advantage to lactobacilli. Benef Microbes 2015; 7:299-304. [PMID: 26689232 DOI: 10.3920/bm2015.0047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
An assay was developed that tested the ability of Lactobacillus acidophilus to outcompete a challenge of Escherichia coli in a mixed culture containing different test nutrients. Using this assay, addition of fructo-oligosaccharide to the media allowed L. acidophilus to outcompete a challenge of E. coli, whereas in a mixed culture without the prebiotic the trend was reversed. Growth curves generated for E. coli in a single culture showed that fructo-oligosaccharide did not affect growth, indicating that the carbohydrate was not toxic to E. coli. This indicates that fructo-oligosaccharides may increase the ability of beneficial microbes to outcompete a pathogenic challenge. These results were confirmed using a skin simulant model that incorporates growth of the organisms at an air-surface interface to mimic the vulvar environment. It is possible to use a co-culture assay as an in vitro screening tool to define nutrients that confer a competitive advantage to beneficial flora specific to the female urogenital tract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R A Vongsa
- 1 Kimberly Clark Corporation, 2100 County Rd II, Neenah, WI 54946, USA
| | - R A Minerath
- 1 Kimberly Clark Corporation, 2100 County Rd II, Neenah, WI 54946, USA
| | - M A Busch
- 1 Kimberly Clark Corporation, 2100 County Rd II, Neenah, WI 54946, USA
| | - J Tan
- 1 Kimberly Clark Corporation, 2100 County Rd II, Neenah, WI 54946, USA
| | - D W Koenig
- 1 Kimberly Clark Corporation, 2100 County Rd II, Neenah, WI 54946, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Miyamoto T, Akiba S, Sato N, Fujimura T, Takagi Y, Kitahara T, Takema Y, Iizuka H, Sengoku K. Study of the vulvar skin in healthy Japanese women: components of the stratum corneum and microbes. Int J Dermatol 2012; 52:1500-5. [PMID: 23228142 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2012.05582.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the physiological conditions of vulvar skin in Caucasian populations have been characterized, little is known about these conditions in Japanese women. METHODS Skin of the labia, groin, mons pubis, and inner thigh was examined in 40 healthy Japanese women outwith their menstrual period. Skin moisture, skin pH, ceramide content and inflammatory cytokine proteins of the stratum corneum, and bacterial flora were assessed. RESULTS Skin moisture was found to be significantly lower in the labia than at the other three sites examined. No differences were found in skin pH. A significant difference in ceramide content was observed between the groin and inner thigh. The ratio of interleukin-1α (IL-1α) and interleukin-1α receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) was significantly higher in the labia than in the other sites. Numbers of total bacteria, Staphylococcus epidermis, and Lactobacillus spp. were greater in the labia and mons pubis sites compared with the inner thigh. Prevotella spp. were found only in the labia. CONCLUSIONS In Japanese women, the skin at the labia is drier and more inflammatory than the skin at the groin, mons pubis, and inner thigh; this cannot be explained by the ceramide content and/or pH of the stratum corneum. Prevotella spp. may perform a key role in the vulvar skin of Japanese women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toshinobu Miyamoto
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Asahikawa Medical College, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan,Biological Science Laboratories, Kao Corporation, Haga, Tochigi, Japan, andDepartment of Dermatology, Asahikawa Medical College, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kumar N, Behera B, Sagiri SS, Pal K, Ray SS, Roy S. Bacterial vaginosis: Etiology and modalities of treatment-A brief note. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2011; 3:496-503. [PMID: 22219582 PMCID: PMC3249696 DOI: 10.4103/0975-7406.90102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2011] [Revised: 06/23/2011] [Accepted: 07/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
A large women population of the world is suffering from a vaginal infection commonly known as bacterial vaginosis. The disease is associated with the decrease in the lactobacilli count in the vagina. Till date, there is a lack of full proof treatment modalities for the cure of the disease. The treatment includes the use of antimicrobials and/or acidifying agents and probiotics, either separately or in combination. This note discusses about the etiology and the various present-day modalities of treatment of bacterial vaginosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Kumar
- Departments of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India
| | - Beauty Behera
- Departments of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India
| | - Sai S. Sagiri
- Departments of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India
| | - Kunal Pal
- Departments of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India
| | - Sirsendu S. Ray
- Departments of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India
| | - Saroj Roy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies, Mumbai, India
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Warren R, Wertz P, Kirkbride T, Brunner M, Gross M. Comparative Analysis of Skin Surface Lipids of the Labia Majora, Inner Thigh, and Forearm. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2011; 24:294-9. [DOI: 10.1159/000328731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2010] [Accepted: 03/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
13
|
Farage MA, Miller KW, Summers PR, Sobel JD, Ledger WJ. Chronic Pain of the Vulva without Dermatologic Manifestations: Distinguishing among a Spectrum of clinical Disorders. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS. WOMEN'S HEALTH 2010. [DOI: 10.4137/cmwh.s3950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The causes of chronic vulvar pain are many and when not accompanied by obvious physical signs they are difficult to unravel. Many common vulvar dermatoses can manifest without obvious erythema or mucocutaneous lesions, as can some less common disorders of both infectious and allergic origin. In addition localized and generalized vulvar dysesthesia, recently defined chronic pain syndromes of neurogenic origin, can also occur in the vulvar area. Chronic vulvovaginal symptoms in early stages are often presumptuously labeled as vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) by patients and clinicians alike, which can delay accurate diagnosis. When presented with chronic vulvar pain unaccompanied by verifiable signs, the clinician must effect a sensitive integration of a detailed medical history, including temporal associations of all potential exposures, with more definitive diagnostic tools. Effective use of those available tools can improve initial diagnosis, thus allowing prompt initiation of effective therapy. Optimal therapy will recognize the significant psychological distress that accompanies any chronic pain syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miranda A. Farage
- The Procter & Gamble Company, Winton Hill Business Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Kenneth W. Miller
- The Procter & Gamble Company, Winton Hill Business Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Paul R. Summers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jack D. Sobel
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Harper University Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - William J. Ledger
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Tagami H. Location-related differences in structure and function of the stratum corneum with special emphasis on those of the facial skin. Int J Cosmet Sci 2009; 30:413-34. [PMID: 19099543 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2494.2008.00459.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Between the two different kinds of the skin covering the body, the glabrous skin is found only on the palmo-plantar surface because of its rather simple function to protect the underlying living tissue with its remarkably thick stratum corneum (SC) from strong external force and friction. Thus, its barrier function is extremely poor. In contrast, the hair-bearing skin covers almost all over the body surface regardless of the presence of long hair or vellus hair. In regard to its SC, many dermatologists and skin scientists think that it is too thin to show any site-specific differences, because the SC is just present as an efficient barrier membrane to protect our body from desiccation as well as against the invasion by external injurious agents. However, there are remarkable regional differences not only in the living skin tissue but also even in such thin SC reflecting the function of each anatomical location. These differences in the SC have been mostly disclosed with the advent of non-invasive biophysical instruments, particularly the one that enables us to measure transepidermal water loss (TEWL), the parameter of the SC barrier function, and the one that evaluates the hydration state of the skin surface, the parameter of the water-holding capacity of the SC that brings about softness and smoothness to the skin surface. These in vivo instrumental measurements of the SC have disclosed the presence of remarkable differences in the functional properties of the SC particularly between the face and other portions of the body. The SC of the facial skin is thinner, being composed of smaller layers of corneocytes than that of the trunk and limbs. It shows unique functional characteristics to provide hydrated skin surface but relatively poor barrier function, which is similar to that observed in retinoid-treated skin or to that of fresh scar or keloidal scars. Moreover, there even exist unexpected, site-dependent differences in the SC of the facial skin such as the forehead, eyelid, cheek, nose and perioral regions, although each location occupies only a small area. Between these locations, the cheek shows the lowest TEWL in contrast to the perioral region that reveals the highest one. Moreover, these features are not static but change with age particularly between children and adults and maybe also between genders. Among various facial locations, the eyelid skin is distinct from others because its SC is associated with poor skin surface lipids and a thin SC cell layer composed of large corneocytes that brings about high surface hydration state but poor barrier function, whereas the vermillion borders of the lips that are covered by an exposed part of the oral mucosa exhibit remarkably poor barrier function and low hydration state. Future studies aiming at the establishment of the functional mapping in each facial region and in other body regions will shed light on more delicate site-dependent differences, which will provide us important information in planning the strategy to start so called tailor-made skin care for each location of the body.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Tagami
- Department of Dermatology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhong W, Xing MMQ, Pan N, Maibach HI. Textiles and Human Skin, Microclimate, Cutaneous Reactions: An Overview. Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2008; 25:23-39. [PMID: 16702052 DOI: 10.1080/15569520500536600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This article overviews research in the interdisciplinary area of textile/skin interaction and related cutaneous intolerance. Microclimate in the skin/clothing system and especially the skin responses relates to the moisture and heat transfer within this system and plays a critical role in skin irritation from textiles. A discussion is then given on skin irritation reactions to textiles, including intolerance caused by chemicals (dyes and finishes) and physical contact/friction. Finally, two skin injuries, blisters and pressure ulcers, which are caused by physical contact, pressure, and friction, are documented. Despite the prevalent problems caused by ill textile/skin interactions, minimal efforts have been devoted to this field. In addition, the in vivo experimental studies infrequently lead to a solid conclusion. The cause may lie in the dramatic variation of skin conditions among individuals as well as among different anatomic sites of the same person. Another reason might be the lack of communications between researchers in the areas of textiles and dermatology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhong
- Department of Textile Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Farage MA, Katsarou A, Maibach HI. Sensory, clinical and physiological factors in sensitive skin: a review. Contact Dermatitis 2006; 55:1-14. [PMID: 16842547 DOI: 10.1111/j.0105-1873.2006.00886.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Certain individuals experience more intense and frequent adverse sensory effects than the normal population after topical use of personal care products, a phenomenon known in popular usage as sensitive skin. Consumer reports of sensitive skin are self-diagnosed and often not verifiable by objective signs of physical irritation. Companies who manufacture cosmetic and personal care products are challenged to provide safe products to an audience with tremendous differences in skin type, culture and habits. This review examines the still incomplete understanding of this phenomenon with respect to aetiology, diagnosis, appropriate testing methods, possible contributing host factors such as, sex, ethnicity, age, anatomical site, cultural and environmental factors, and the future directions needed for research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miranda A Farage
- The Procter & Gamble Company, Winton Hill Business Center, Cincinnati, OH 45224, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|