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Yoo J, Lightner AL. Clostridium difficile Infections: What Every Clinician Should Know. Perm J 2011; 14:35-40. [PMID: 20740115 DOI: 10.7812/tpp/10-001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The leading cause of nosocomial enteric infections in the US is a potentially lethal condition that influences the daily care of medical and surgical patients across all specialties. The incidence is increasing because of the emergence of a new virulent strain, the development of antibiotic resistance, and an increase in infection rates within populations once believed to be at low risk. Current strategies for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment are cited. Transmission can be minimized with the use of gloves and gowns; proper hand washing with soap and water (alcohol-based washes do not prevent transmission); careful use and proper cleaning of shared patient equipment, such as blood-pressure cuffs, thermometers, and stethoscopes; and the use of bactericidal cleaning solutions. Restricted or judicious antibiotic use will also reduce the incidence of Clostridium difficile infections.
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Jiru Xu, Millar BC, Loughrey A, Goldsmith CE, Coulter WA, Dooley JSG, Moore JE. The increasing role of DNA molecular technologies in infection control-related medical bacteriology: what the infection prevention specialist needs to know. J Infect Prev 2010. [DOI: 10.1177/1757177410366170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular biology has the potential to revolutionise the way in which diagnostic tests are delivered in order to optimise care of infected patients, whether they are in hospital or in the community. Many routine hospital diagnostic laboratories are now beginning to adopt commercial molecular kits, which have dramatically expanded the availability of such tests into hospitals, which previously would not have used them. This has created a need among infection prevention specialists, microbiologists and infection control doctors as to what these tests mean, and how to formulate policy around them, so that there is added value for their use in the infection prevention scenario. This review wishes to explore their basis, their application in the infection prevention setting, their interpretation, as well as their advantages and disadvantages, in order to better inform infection prevention specialists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiru Xu
- Northern Ireland Public Health Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology, Belfast City Hospital, Lisburn Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT9 7AD, Department of Pathogenic Biology, Xian Jiatong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, The People's Republic of China, School of Biomedical Science, University of Ulster, Coleraine, County Londonderry, Northern Ireland
| | - B Cherie Millar
- Northern Ireland Public Health Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology, Belfast City Hospital, Lisburn Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT9 7AD
| | - Anne Loughrey
- Northern Ireland Public Health Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology, Belfast City Hospital, Lisburn Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT9 7AD
| | - Colin E Goldsmith
- Northern Ireland Public Health Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology, Belfast City Hospital, Lisburn Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT9 7AD
| | - Wilson A Coulter
- Oral Research Group, School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen's University, The Royal Group of Hospitals, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - James SG Dooley
- School of Biomedical Science, University of Ulster, Coleraine, County Londonderry, Northern Ireland
| | - John E Moore
- Northern Ireland Public Health Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology, Belfast City Hospital, Lisburn Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT9 7AD, School of Biomedical Science, University of Ulster, Coleraine, County Londonderry, Northern Ireland,
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Mori Y, Notomi T. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP): a rapid, accurate, and cost-effective diagnostic method for infectious diseases. J Infect Chemother 2009; 15:62-9. [PMID: 19396514 PMCID: PMC7087713 DOI: 10.1007/s10156-009-0669-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 622] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is an established nucleic acid amplification method offering rapid, accurate, and cost-effective diagnosis of infectious diseases. This technology has been developed into commercially available detection kits for a variety of pathogens including bacteria and viruses. The current focus on LAMP methodology is as a diagnostic system to be employed in resource-limited laboratories in developing countries, where many fatal tropical diseases are endemic. The combination of LAMP and novel microfluidic technologies such as Lab-on-a-chip may facilitate the realization of genetic point-of-care testing systems to be used by both developed and developing countries in the near future. This review will describe the historical, current, and future developments of such technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyoshi Mori
- Biochemical Research Laboratory, Research and Development Division, Eiken Chemical Co., Ltd., 1381-3 Shimoishigami, Ohtawara, Tochigi, 324-0036, Japan.
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