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Jin L, Yang H, Fu J, Xue X, Yao L, Qiao L. Association between oxidative DNA damage and the expression of 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1 in lung epithelial cells of neonatal rats exposed to hyperoxia. Mol Med Rep 2015; 11:4079-86. [PMID: 25672835 PMCID: PMC4394948 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that oxidative stress‑induced lung injury is involved in the occurrence and developmental process of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). The present study assessed whether oxidative DNA damage occurs in the early stages of hyperoxia‑induced BPD in neonatal rats and evaluated the expression and localization of the DNA repair gene, 8‑oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1 (OGG1), upon exposure to hyperoxia. Neonatal rats and primary cultured neonatal rat alveolar epithelial type II (AECII) cells were exposed to hyperoxia (90% O2) or normoxia (21% O2) and the expression levels of 8‑hydroxy‑2'‑deoxyguanosine (8‑OHdG) in the lung tissues and AECII cells were determined using a competitive enzyme‑linked immunosorbent assay. DNA strand breaks in the AECII cells were detected using a comet assay. The expression and localization of the OGG1 protein in the lung tissues and AECII cells were determined by immunofluorescence confocal microscopy and western blotting. The mRNA expression levels of OGG1 in the lung tissues and AECII cells were determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The expression of 8‑OHdG was elevated in the hyperoxia‑exposed neonatal rat lung tissue and the AECII cells compared with the normoxic controls. The occurrence of DNA strand breaks in the AECII cells increased with increasing duration of hyperoxia exposure. The protein expression of OGG1 was significantly increased in the hyperoxia‑exposed lung tissues and AECII cells, with OGG1 preferentially localized to the cytoplasm. No concomitant increase in the mRNA expression of OGG1 was detected. These results revealed that oxidative DNA damage occurred in lung epithelial cells during early‑stage BPD, as confirmed by in vitro and in vivo hyperoxia exposure experiments, and the increased expression of OGG1 was associated with this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Jin
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Haiping Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Jianhua Fu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Xindong Xue
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Li Yao
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Lin Qiao
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
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Lum S, Bush A, Stocks J. Clinical Pulmonary Function Testing for Children with Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia. PEDIATRIC ALLERGY IMMUNOLOGY AND PULMONOLOGY 2011; 24:77-88. [DOI: 10.1089/ped.2010.0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sooky Lum
- Portex Respiratory Unit, UCL, Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Bush
- Department of Paediatrics, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Janet Stocks
- Portex Respiratory Unit, UCL, Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
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Pan L, Fu JH, Xue XD, Xu W, Zhou P, Wei B. Melatonin protects against oxidative damage in a neonatal rat model of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. World J Pediatr 2009; 5:216-21. [PMID: 19693467 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-009-0041-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2008] [Accepted: 12/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Melatonin (MT) has direct and indirect free radical detoxifying activity. The present study was to investigate whether treatment with MT would attenuate hyperoxia-induced lung injury and the effect of MT on imbalance of oxidants/antioxidants in the lung of neonatal rats. METHODS BPD was induced by exposure to hyperoxia in neonatal rats (n=90). The rats were divided randomly into three groups (n=30 each): air-exposed control group, hyperoxia-exposed group, and hyperoxia-exposed MT-treated group. Lung specimens were obtained respectively on day 3, day 7, and day 14 after exposure (n=10 each). Activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and catalase (CAT), and levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO), nitrite/nitrate, and malondialdehyde (MDA) were assayed. Histopathologic changes were observed in the tissues stained with hematoxylin and eosin and Masson's trichrome stain. RESULTS Increased levels of MPO, nitrite/nitrate, and MDA in the hyperoxia-exposed rats were significantly reduced by MT (P<0.05). Activities of GSH-Px, SOD, and CAT which did not change after exposure to hyperoxia were increased by MT (P<0.05). Furthermore, BPD associated histopathological alterations such as reduced total number of alveoli and interstitial fibrosis were obviously abated in the MT-treated group. CONCLUSIONS MT can reverse oxidants/antioxidants imbalance in damaged lung tissue and thus exert a beneficial effect on hyperoxia-induced lung disease in neonatal rats. With regard to humans, there may be a protective effect of MT on BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Pan
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
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Ratner V, Starkov A, Matsiukevich D, Polin RA, Ten VS. Mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to alveolar developmental arrest in hyperoxia-exposed mice. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2009; 40:511-8. [PMID: 19168698 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2008-0341rc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated whether mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to alveolar developmental arrest in a mouse model of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). To induce BPD, 3-day-old mice were exposed to 75% O2. Mice were studied at two time points of hyperoxia (72 h or 2 wk) and after 3 weeks of recovery in room air (RA). A separate cohort of mice was exposed to pyridaben, a complex-I (C-I) inhibitor, for 72 hours or 2 weeks. Alveolarization was quantified by radial alveolar count and mean linear intercept methods. Pulmonary mitochondrial function was defined by respiration rates, ATP-production rate, and C-I activity. At 72 hours, hyperoxic mice demonstrated significant inhibition of C-I activity, reduced respiration and ATP production rates, and significantly decreased radial alveolar count compared with controls. Exposure to pyridaben for 72 hours, as expected, caused significant inhibition of C-I and ADP-phosphorylating respiration. Similar to hyperoxic littermates, these pyridaben-exposed mice exhibited significantly delayed alveolarization compared with controls. At 2 weeks of exposure to hyperoxia or pyridaben, mitochondrial respiration was inhibited and associated with alveolar developmental arrest. However, after 3 weeks of recovery from hyperoxia or 2 weeks after 72 hours of exposure to pyridaben alveolarization significantly improved. In addition, there was marked normalization of C-I and mitochondrial respiration. The degree of hyperoxia-induced pulmonary simplification and recovery strongly (r(2) = 0.76) correlated with C-I activity in lung mitochondria. Thus, the arrest of alveolar development induced by either hyperoxia or direct inhibition of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation indicates that bioenergetic failure to maintain normal alveolar development is one of the fundamental mechanisms responsible for BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veniamin Ratner
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, 3959 Broadway, CHN 1201, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Kramer B, Albertine K, Moss T, Nitsos I, Ladenburger A, Speer C, Newnham J, Jobe A. All-Trans Retinoic Acid and Intra-Amniotic Endotoxin-Mediated Effects on Fetal Sheep Lung. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2008; 291:1271-7. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.20743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Reyburn B, Li M, Metcalfe DB, Kroll NJ, Alvord J, Wint A, Dahl MJ, Sun J, Dong L, Wang ZM, Callaway C, McKnight RA, Moyer-Mileur L, Yoder BA, Null DM, Lane RH, Albertine KH. Nasal ventilation alters mesenchymal cell turnover and improves alveolarization in preterm lambs. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2008; 178:407-18. [PMID: 18556628 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200802-359oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a frequent cause of morbidity in preterm infants that is characterized by prolonged need for ventilatory support in an intensive care environment. BPD is characterized histopathologically by persistently thick, cellular distal airspace walls. In normally developing lungs, by comparison, remodeling of the immature parenchymal architecture is characterized by thinning of the future alveolar walls, a process predicated on cell loss through apoptosis. OBJECTIVES We hypothesized that minimizing lung injury, using high-frequency nasal ventilation to provide positive distending pressure with minimal assisted tidal volume displacement, would increase apoptosis and decrease proliferation among mesenchymal cells in the distal airspace walls compared with a conventional mode of support (intermittent mandatory ventilation). METHODS Accordingly, we compared two groups of preterm lambs: one group managed by high-frequency nasal ventilation and a second group managed by intermittent mandatory ventilation. Each group was maintained for 3 days. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Oxygenation and ventilation targets were sustained with lower airway pressures and less supplemental oxygen in the high-frequency nasal ventilation group, in which alveolarization progressed. Thinning of the distal airspace walls was accompanied by more apoptosis, and less proliferation, among mesenchymal cells of the high-frequency nasal ventilation group, based on morphometric, protein abundance, and mRNA expression indices of apoptosis and proliferation. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that high-frequency nasal ventilation preserves the balance between mesenchymal cell apoptosis and proliferation in the distal airspace walls, such that alveolarization progresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent Reyburn
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Williams Building, PO.Box 581289, Salt Lake City, UT 84158, USA.
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Abstract
Extreme prematurity confers about a 100-fold increase in the risk of cerebral palsy (CP), relative to birth at term gestation. Although CP is primarily a disorder of movement, many children with this disorder have other impairments which may affect their quality of life and life expectancy. Epidemiologic and clinical studies of cerebral palsy have benefited from recent efforts to develop greater uniformity of definition and classification. Particularly noteworthy is the development of the Gross Motor Function Classification System, which is a reliable and valid measure used with increasing frequency in observational and experimental studies. Also of great importance are efforts to quantify reliably the quality of life for children with cerebral palsy, thereby providing a target for medical and community interventions that aim to increase participation and well-being among affected children. During the late 1970s and early 1980s, the rate of CP actually rose, presumably as a result of increased survival of especially vulnerable infants who otherwise would have died. In developed countries over the past two decades (late 1980s to present), CP rates have been either stable or decreasing. Although considerable effort is being directed at prevention, the only perinatal interventions for which there is strong evidence of a beneficial effect on both mortality and the risk of CP is antenatal treatment of the mother with glucocorticoid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael O'Shea
- Department of Pediatrics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
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Ross AC, Li NQ. Retinol combined with retinoic acid increases retinol uptake and esterification in the lungs of young adult rats when delivered by the intramuscular as well as oral routes. J Nutr 2007; 137:2371-6. [PMID: 17951472 DOI: 10.1093/jn/137.11.2371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The lungs require an adequate supply of vitamin A for normal embryonic development, postnatal maturation, and maintenance and repair during adult life. We have previously shown that a nutrient-metabolite combination of vitamin A admixed with a small proportion (10%) of retinoic acid (RA), referred to as VARA, acts synergistically to increase lung retinyl ester (RE) concentration in neonatal rats. A series of studies was designed to test whether VARA increases RE in adult lungs, and whether VARA is more effective than vitamin A when given by the i.m. route. Orally administered VARA increased RE in the lungs of vitamin A-marginal adult rats more than either vitamin A or RA alone (P < 0.05). In vitamin A-deficient young adult rats, lung RE was increased by VARA when administered by the i.m. route. When a tracer of (3)H-retinol was added to the placebo (oil), vitamin A, and VARA doses, total (3)H and (3)H-RE increased in the lungs more with VARA than vitamin A alone, for oral and i.m. dosing. Nevertheless, when VARA and vitamin A were given by the oral route, they were more effective in increasing RE in the liver. Plasma retinol was increased similarly in vitamin A-deficient rats after administration of VARA and vitamin A, by either the oral or the i.m. route. Overall, VARA can increase retinol uptake and esterification in adult lungs when delivered intramuscularly as well as orally.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Catharine Ross
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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Thébaud B. Angiogenesis in lung development, injury and repair: implications for chronic lung disease of prematurity. Neonatology 2007; 91:291-7. [PMID: 17575472 DOI: 10.1159/000101344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Since the initial description of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) 40 years ago, advances in perinatal care have allowed the survival of infants that are more immature. The disease has not disappeared, but it now affects infants with undeveloped distal airspaces, resulting in an arrest of alveolar development. The histological changes that occur during normal lung development are well described, but little is known about the signaling mechanisms that regulate saccular and alveolar development. Understanding how alveoli and the underlying capillary network develop and how these mechanisms are disrupted in preterm infants with BPD is critical to develop efficient and effective therapies for lung diseases characterized by alveolar damage. This brief review focuses on the recently recognized role of angiogenic growth factors during normal alveolar development, injury and repair with a particular emphasis on the vascular endothelial growth factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Thébaud
- Vascular Biology Group, Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta., Canada.
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