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Busnelli M, Colombo A, Manzini S, Franchi E, Chiesa G. The transcriptome profiling of diseased mouse aortas discloses a dysregulation of the sympathetic neurotransmission in atherosclerosis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31852. [PMID: 38841495 PMCID: PMC11152669 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous reports suggest an association between the development of atherosclerosis and alterations in the aortic sympathetic nervous system, but there is no agreement on whether atherosclerotic plaques are accompanied by increased or decreased sympathetic innervation in the arterial wall. In the present study, the aortic transcriptional profile of mice with different predisposition to atherosclerosis was investigated to clarify how the expression of genes involved in sympathetic neurotransmission varied. Eight-week-old C57Bl/6J control mice, Apoe knockout mice (EKO), EKO mice overexpressing human apoA-I (EKO/hA-I) and double Apoe/Apoa1 knockout mice (DKO) mice were fed either a standard rodent diet or a Western-type diet for 22 weeks. Atherosclerosis was quantified, and the aortic transcriptome was analyzed by RNAseq. Western-type diet administration deeply modified the aortic transcriptome. In the genetically modified atherosclerosis-prone mouse lines, an upregulated expression of genes associated with the immunomodulatory response was observed, paralleled by a downregulated expression of the genes related to sympathetic nervous system. Functional enrichment analysis indicated that the presence of advanced atherosclerosis was accompanied by reduced neuronal generation, modulation of synapse chemical transmission, and catecholamine biosynthesis, supporting a relationship between atherosclerosis, dyslipidemia, and sympathetic neurotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stefano Manzini
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences “Rodolfo Paoletti”, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Elsa Franchi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences “Rodolfo Paoletti”, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Giulia Chiesa
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences “Rodolfo Paoletti”, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
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2
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Lubomirov LT, Schroeter MM, Hasse V, Frohn M, Metzler D, Bust M, Pryymachuk G, Hescheler J, Grisk O, Chalovich JM, Smyth NR, Pfitzer G, Papadopoulos S. Dual thick and thin filament linked regulation of stretch- and L-NAME-induced tone in young and senescent murine basilar artery. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1099278. [PMID: 37057180 PMCID: PMC10088910 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1099278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Stretch-induced vascular tone is an important element of autoregulatory adaptation of cerebral vasculature to maintain cerebral flow constant despite changes in perfusion pressure. Little is known as to the regulation of tone in senescent basilar arteries. We tested the hypothesis, that thin filament mechanisms in addition to smooth muscle myosin-II regulatory-light-chain-(MLC20)-phosphorylation and non-muscle-myosin-II, contribute to regulation of stretch-induced tone. In young BAs (y-BAs) mechanical stretch does not lead to spontaneous tone generation. Stretch-induced tone in y-BAs appeared only after inhibition of NO-release by L-NAME and was fully prevented by treatment with 3 μmol/L RhoA-kinase (ROK) inhibitor Y27632. L-NAME-induced tone was reduced in y-BAs from heterozygous mice carrying a point mutation of the targeting-subunit of the myosin phosphatase, MYPT1 at threonine696 (MYPT1-T696A/+). In y-BAs, MYPT1-T696A-mutation also blunted the ability of L-NAME to increase MLC20-phosphorylation. In contrast, senescent BAs (s-BAs; >24 months) developed stable spontaneous stretch-induced tone and pharmacological inhibition of NO-release by L-NAME led to an additive effect. In s-BAs the MYPT1-T696A mutation also blunted MLC20-phosphorylation, but did not prevent development of stretch-induced tone. In s-BAs from both lines, Y27632 completely abolished stretch- and L-NAME-induced tone. In s-BAs phosphorylation of non-muscle-myosin-S1943 and PAK1-T423, shown to be down-stream effectors of ROK was also reduced by Y27632 treatment. Stretch- and L-NAME tone were inhibited by inhibition of non-muscle myosin (NM-myosin) by blebbistatin. We also tested whether the substrate of PAK1 the thin-filament associated protein, caldesmon is involved in the regulation of stretch-induced tone in advanced age. BAs obtained from heterozygotes Cald1+/− mice generated stretch-induced tone already at an age of 20–21 months old BAs (o-BA). The magnitude of stretch-induced tone in Cald1+/− o-BAs was similar to that in s-BA. In addition, truncation of caldesmon myosin binding Exon2 (CaD-▵Ex2−/−) did not accelerate stretch-induced tone. Our study indicates that in senescent cerebral vessels, mechanisms distinct from MLC20 phosphorylation contribute to regulation of tone in the absence of a contractile agonist. While in y-and o-BA the canonical pathways, i.e., inhibition of MLCP by ROK and increase in pMLC20, predominate, tone regulation in senescence involves ROK regulated mechanisms, involving non-muscle-myosin and thin filament linked mechanisms involving caldesmon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubomir T. Lubomirov
- Center of Physiology, Institute of Vegetative Physiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Physiology, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Neuruppin, Germany
- Research Cluster, Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiovascular Diseases, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Neuruppin, Germany
- *Correspondence: Lubomir T. Lubomirov,
| | - Mechthild M. Schroeter
- Center of Physiology, Institute of Vegetative Physiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center of Physiology, Institute of Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Veronika Hasse
- Center of Physiology, Institute of Vegetative Physiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Marina Frohn
- Center of Physiology, Institute of Vegetative Physiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Doris Metzler
- Center of Physiology, Institute of Vegetative Physiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Maria Bust
- Center of Physiology, Institute of Vegetative Physiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Galyna Pryymachuk
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Anatomy, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Neuruppin, Germany
| | - Jürgen Hescheler
- Center of Physiology, Institute of Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Olaf Grisk
- Institute of Physiology, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Neuruppin, Germany
- Research Cluster, Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiovascular Diseases, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Neuruppin, Germany
| | - Joseph M. Chalovich
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Neil R. Smyth
- Biological Sciences, Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Gabriele Pfitzer
- Center of Physiology, Institute of Vegetative Physiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Symeon Papadopoulos
- Center of Physiology, Institute of Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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3
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Hoyk Z, Tóth ME, Lénárt N, Nagy D, Dukay B, Csefová A, Zvara Á, Seprényi G, Kincses A, Walter FR, Veszelka S, Vígh J, Barabási B, Harazin A, Kittel Á, Puskás LG, Penke B, Vígh L, Deli MA, Sántha M. Cerebrovascular Pathology in Hypertriglyceridemic APOB-100 Transgenic Mice. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:380. [PMID: 30410436 PMCID: PMC6209654 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertriglyceridemia is not only a serious risk factor in the development of cardiovascular diseases, but it is linked to neurodegeneration, too. Previously, we generated transgenic mice overexpressing the human APOB-100 protein, a mouse model of human atherosclerosis. In this model we observed high plasma levels of triglycerides, oxidative stress, tau hyperphosphorylation, synaptic dysfunction, cognitive impairment, increased neural apoptosis and neurodegeneration. Neurovascular dysfunction is recognized as a key factor in the development of neurodegenerative diseases, but the cellular and molecular events linking cerebrovascular pathology and neurodegeneration are not fully understood. Our aim was to study cerebrovascular changes in APOB-100 transgenic mice. We described the kinetics of the development of chronic hypertriglyceridemia in the transgenic animals. Increased blood-brain barrier permeability was found in the hippocampus of APOB-100 transgenic mice which was accompanied by structural changes. Using transmission electron microscopy, we detected changes in the brain capillary endothelial tight junction structure and edematous swelling of astrocyte endfeet. In brain microvessels isolated from APOB-100 transgenic animals increased Lox-1, Aqp4, and decreased Meox-2, Mfsd2a, Abcb1a, Lrp2, Glut-1, Nos2, Nos3, Vim, and in transgenic brains reduced Cdh2 and Gfap-σ gene expressions were measured using quantitative real-time PCR. We confirmed the decreased P-glycoprotein (ABCB1) and vimentin expression related to the neurovascular unit by immunostaining in transgenic brain sections using confocal microscopy. We conclude that in chronic hypertriglyceridemic APOB-100 transgenic mice both functional and morphological cerebrovascular pathology can be observed, and this animal model could be a useful tool to study the link between cerebrovascular pathology and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsófia Hoyk
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Melinda E Tóth
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Nikolett Lénárt
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Dóra Nagy
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Brigitta Dukay
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Alexandra Csefová
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Zvara
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Core Facilities, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - György Seprényi
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - András Kincses
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Fruzsina R Walter
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Szilvia Veszelka
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Judit Vígh
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Beáta Barabási
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - András Harazin
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Kittel
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László G Puskás
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Core Facilities, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Botond Penke
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Vígh
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Mária A Deli
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Miklós Sántha
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
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4
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Wang Y, Dinh TN, Nield A, Krishna SM, Denton K, Golledge J. Renal Denervation Promotes Atherosclerosis in Hypertensive Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice Infused with Angiotensin II. Front Physiol 2017; 8:215. [PMID: 28450836 PMCID: PMC5390019 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To determine the effect of renal denervation (RDN) on the severity of atherosclerosis and aortic aneurysm in hypertensive mice. Methods: Hypertension, atherosclerosis and aortic aneurysm were induced by subcutaneous infusion of angiotensin II (1 μg/kg/min) for 28 days in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. RDN was conducted using combined surgical and local chemical denervation. The norepinephrine concentration in the kidney was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. Blood pressure was measured by the tail-cuff method. Atherosclerosis was assessed by Sudan IV staining of the aortic arch. The aortic diameter was measured by the morphometric method. The mRNA expression of genes associated with atherosclerosis and aortic aneurysm were analyzed by quantitative PCR. Results: RDN decreased the median norepinephrine content in the kidney by 93.4% (n = 5-7, P = 0.003) 5 days after the procedure, indicating that the RDN procedure was successful. RDN decreased systolic blood pressure in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Mice that had RDN had more severe aortic arch atherosclerosis (median percentage of Sudan IV positive area: 13.2% in control mice, n = 12, and 25.4% in mice having RDN, n = 12, P = 0.028). The severity of the atherosclerosis was negatively correlated with the renal norepinephrine content (spearman r = -0.6557, P = 0.005). RDN did not affect the size of aortic aneurysms formed or the incidence of aortic rupture in mice receiving angiotensin II. RDN significantly increased the aortic mRNA expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2). Conclusion: RDN promoted atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice infused with angiotensin II associated with upregulation of MMP-2. The higher MMP-2 expression could be the results of the greater amount of atheroma in the RDN mice. The findings suggest further research is needed to assess potentially deleterious effects of RDN in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutang Wang
- School of Applied and Biomedical Science, Federation University AustraliaBallarat, VIC, Australia.,The Vascular Biology Unit, Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook UniversityTownsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Tam N Dinh
- School of Applied and Biomedical Science, Federation University AustraliaBallarat, VIC, Australia.,The Vascular Biology Unit, Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook UniversityTownsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Alexander Nield
- School of Applied and Biomedical Science, Federation University AustraliaBallarat, VIC, Australia
| | - Smriti M Krishna
- The Vascular Biology Unit, Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook UniversityTownsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Kate Denton
- Cardiovascular and Renal Physiology, Department of Physiology, Monash UniversityClayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Jonathan Golledge
- The Vascular Biology Unit, Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook UniversityTownsville, QLD, Australia.,Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, The Townsville HospitalTownsville, QLD, Australia
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5
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Cen Y, Liu J, Qin Y, Liu R, Wang H, Zhou Y, Wang S, Hu Z. Denervation in Femoral Artery-Ligated Hindlimbs Diminishes Ischemic Recovery Primarily via Impaired Arteriogenesis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154941. [PMID: 27175510 PMCID: PMC4866779 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Multiple factors regulate arteriogenesis. Peripheral nerves play a crucial role in vascular remodeling, but the function of peripheral nerves during arteriogenesis is obscure. Our study investigated the contribution of denervation to arteriogenesis during post-ischemic recovery from hindlimb femoral artery ligation. Methods and Results Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated into four groups of normal control (NC), hindlimb ischemia (HI), hindlimb ischemia with denervation (HID) and hindlimb simple denervation (HD). Hindlimb ischemic recovery was assessed by clinical assessment and tibialis anterior muscle remodeling on day 28 post-surgery. Blood flow was determined by laser Doppler imaging on day 0, 3, 7, 14 and 28 post-surgery. Collateral number of hindlimb was observed by angiography and gracilis muscles were tested by immunostaining on day 7 and 28 post-surgery. Angiogenesis was accessed by counting CD31 positive capillaries in tibialis anterior muscles on day 28 post-surgery. Group HID showed impaired ischemic recovery compared with the other 3 groups and impaired blood flow recovery compared with group HI on day 28 post-surgery. The collateral number and capillary density of group HID were lower than group HI. The collateral diameter of both group HID and group HI significantly increased compared with group NC. However, the lumen diameter was much narrower and the vessel wall was much thicker in group HID than group HI. We also demonstrated that the thickened neointima of collaterals in group HID comprised of smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells. Conclusions Denervation of the ligated femoral artery in the hindlimb impairs ischemic recovery via impaired perfusion. The possible mechanisms of impaired perfusion are lower collateral number, lower capillary density and most likely narrower lumen, which damage ischemic recovery. This study illustrates the crucial role of peripheral nerves in arteriogenesis using a model combined ischemia with denervation in hindlimb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghuan Cen
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junfeng Liu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuansen Qin
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruiming Liu
- Laboratory of Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huijin Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shenming Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zuojun Hu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail:
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6
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Shoemaker JK, Badrov MB, Al-Khazraji BK, Jackson DN. Neural Control of Vascular Function in Skeletal Muscle. Compr Physiol 2015; 6:303-29. [PMID: 26756634 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c150004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The sympathetic nervous system represents a fundamental homeostatic system that exerts considerable control over blood pressure and the distribution of blood flow. This process has been referred to as neurovascular control. Overall, the concept of neurovascular control includes the following elements: efferent postganglionic sympathetic nerve activity, neurotransmitter release, and the end organ response. Each of these elements reflects multiple levels of control that, in turn, affect complex patterns of change in vascular contractile state. Primarily, this review discusses several of these control layers that combine to produce the integrative physiology of reflex vascular control observed in skeletal muscle. Beginning with three reflexes that provide somewhat dissimilar vascular patterns of response despite similar changes in efferent sympathetic nerve activity, namely, the baroreflex, chemoreflex, and muscle metaboreflex, the article discusses the anatomical and physiological bases of postganglionic sympathetic discharge patterns and recruitment, neurotransmitter release and management, and details of regional variations of receptor density and responses within the microvascular bed. Challenges are addressed regarding the fundamentals of measurement and how conclusions from one response or vascular segment should not be used as an indication of neurovascular control as a generalized physiological dogma. Whereas the bulk of the article focuses on the vasoconstrictor function of sympathetic neurovascular integration, attention is also given to the issues of sympathetic vasodilation as well as the impact of chronic changes in sympathetic activation and innervation on vascular health. © 2016 American Physiological Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Shoemaker
- School of Kinesiology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - M B Badrov
- School of Kinesiology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - B K Al-Khazraji
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - D N Jackson
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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7
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Puzdrova VA, Kudryashova TV, Gaynullina DK, Mochalov SV, Aalkjaer C, Nilsson H, Vorotnikov AV, Schubert R, Tarasova OS. Trophic action of sympathetic nerves reduces arterial smooth muscle Ca2+sensitivity during early post-natal development in rats. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2014; 212:128-41. [DOI: 10.1111/apha.12331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Revised: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. A. Puzdrova
- Faculty of Biology; M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University; Moscow Russia
- Centre for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim (CBTM); Research Division Cardiovascular Physiology; Medical Faculty Mannheim; Heidelberg University; Mannheim Germany
| | - T. V. Kudryashova
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology; Cardiology Research Center; Moscow Russia
| | - D. K. Gaynullina
- Faculty of Biology; M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University; Moscow Russia
- Department of Physiology; Russian National Research Medical University; Moscow Russia
| | - S. V. Mochalov
- Faculty of Biology; M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University; Moscow Russia
| | - C. Aalkjaer
- Department of Biomedicine; Aarhus University; Aarhus Denmark
| | - H. Nilsson
- Department of Physiology; Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology; The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg Sweden
| | - A. V. Vorotnikov
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology; Cardiology Research Center; Moscow Russia
| | - R. Schubert
- Centre for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim (CBTM); Research Division Cardiovascular Physiology; Medical Faculty Mannheim; Heidelberg University; Mannheim Germany
| | - O. S. Tarasova
- Faculty of Biology; M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University; Moscow Russia
- State Research Center of the Russian Federation - Institute for Biomedical Problems; Moscow Russia
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8
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Hypercholesterolemic diet induces vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis in sympathectomized rats via intrinsic pathway. Auton Neurosci 2014; 183:49-57. [PMID: 24708922 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2014.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Revised: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we intend to investigate the role of hypercholesterolemic diet, a high risk factor for atherosclerosis, on vascular cell apoptosis in rats that have been previously sympathectomized. Thus, newborn male Wistar rats received injections of guanethidine for sympathectomy. Sham received injections of vehicle. The two groups were fed 1% cholesterol diet for 3months. Sympathectomy alone group was also exploited. Apoptosis in abdominal aortic tissue was identified by TUNEL method and conventional agarose gel electrophoresis to detect specific DNA fragmentation. Caspases 3 and 9, Bcl-2, Bax and cytochrome c were examined by immunoblotting. Oil Red O staining was used to reveal lipid in the arterial wall. Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and macrophages were identified by immunostaining for α-smooth muscle actin and rat macrophage marker (ED1), respectively. The efficacy of sympathectomy was evaluated by analysis of perivascular sympathetic fibers. Our study showed that hypercholesterolemic diet, when performed in rats with neonatal sympathectomy, 1) increased aortic TUNEL-positive cells compared to sham and sympathectomy alone groups, 2) illustrated a typical apoptotic DNA ladder on agarose gel electrophoresis, 3) induced Bax translocation from cytosol to mitochondria, 4) enhanced cytochrome c release from mitochondria to cytosol, 5) increased expression of active caspases 3 and 9, and 6) decreased Bcl-2 expression. VSMCs are identified as the major cell type exhibiting apoptosis in this model. Taken together, it can be concluded that hypercholesterolemic diet, when performed in rats with neonatal sympathectomy, induces vascular cell apoptosis in an intrinsic pathway.
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9
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Chemical sympathectomy induces arterial accumulation of native and oxidized LDL in hypercholesterolemic rats. Auton Neurosci 2012; 166:15-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2011.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2011] [Revised: 08/17/2011] [Accepted: 08/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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10
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Angouras DC, Dosios TJ, Dimitriou CA, Chamogeorgakis TP, Rokkas CK, Manos TA, Sokolis DP. Surgical Thoracic Sympathectomy Induces Structural and Biomechanical Remodeling of the Thoracic Aorta in a Porcine Model. J Surg Res 2012; 172:68-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2010.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2010] [Revised: 06/20/2010] [Accepted: 07/16/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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11
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Hachani R, Dab H, Sakly M, Sercombe R, Callebert J, Vicaut E, Kacem K. The profile of the extracellular matrix changes in the aorta after sympathectomy in the hypercholesterolemic rats. Auton Neurosci 2011; 164:67-73. [PMID: 21824826 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2011.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2010] [Revised: 07/10/2011] [Accepted: 07/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
We previously showed that sympathectomy induces thickened intima and decreases the expression of cytoskeletal proteins associated with a differentiated smooth muscle cell (SMC) phenotype in hypercholesterolemic rats. In the present study, we sought to determine the effect of sympathectomy on various components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in the aorta from these animals, since the state of SMC differentiation depends on the nature of ECM components. Collagen types I and III, previously reported to be associated with SMC dedifferentiation, and collagen VI, elastin, laminin and elastin-laminin receptor (E/L-R), previously reported to be associated with SMC differentiation, were analyzed by western immunoblot and confocal microscopy in abdominal aortae from sham rats and hypercholesterolemic rats sympathectomized with guanethidine. Both western immunoblot and immunohistological analysis showed an increase in collagens I and III (more for collagen I), with abundant labeling in the media, adventitia and thickened intima in sympathectomized aortae. Collagen IV labeling was decreased in the media and adventitia and was weak in the thickened intima in sympathectomised aortae. The E/L-R increased and was abundantly labeled in the media and weakly in the thickened intima in sympathectomized aortae. Elastin and laminin decreased and appeared less labeled in the media in the sympathectomised aortae. In the thickened intima, laminin was slightly labeled while elastin was not obviously labeled. These data show that sympathectomy favors the ECM features reported in association with a dedifferentiated/immature SMC phenotype and intimal thickening, probably by actions on both SMCs and fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafik Hachani
- Université de Carthage, Unité de Physiologie Intégrée, Laboratoire de Pathologies Vasculaires, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, 7021 Jarzouna, Tunisia
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12
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Collateral vessel growth induced by femoral artery ligature is impaired by denervation. Mol Cell Biochem 2011; 354:219-29. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-011-0821-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2011] [Accepted: 04/06/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Hachani R, DAB H, Sakly M, Vicaut E, Callebert J, Sercombe R, Kacem K. Influence of antagonist sensory and sympathetic nerves on smooth muscle cell differentiation in hypercholesterolemic rat. Auton Neurosci 2010; 155:82-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2010.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2009] [Revised: 01/31/2010] [Accepted: 02/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Smooth muscle cell differentiation in the processus vaginalis of children with hernia or hydrocele. Hernia 2009; 14:187-91. [DOI: 10.1007/s10029-009-0588-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2009] [Accepted: 11/06/2009] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Kacem K, Sercombe R. Similar pathological effects of sympathectomy and hypercholesterolemia on arterial smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts. Acta Histochem 2008; 110:302-13. [PMID: 18374968 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2007.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2007] [Revised: 11/27/2007] [Accepted: 11/27/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In a previous study, we showed that after sympathectomy, the femoral (FA) but not the basilar (BA) artery from non-pathological rabbits manifests migration of adventitial fibroblasts (FBs) into the media and loss of medial smooth muscle cells (SMCs). The aim of the present study was to verify whether similar behaviour of arteries occurred in the pathological context of atherosclerosis. Thus, similar experiments were conducted on hypercholesterolemic rabbits, which were chemically sympathectomized with 6-hydroxydopamine (n=4) or treated with vehicle for control (n=5). Cross-sections of BA and FA were immunolabelled for five markers of phenotypic modulation of vascular SMCs and FBs: vimentin, desmin, alpha-smooth muscle actin, beta-isoform of actin, and h-caldesmon and examined using a confocal microscope. Also, 3D images were constructed and morphometric analysis performed using image analysis software. Both intact and sympathectomized BA and FA developed atherosclerotic plaques, but the thickening of the intima was more advanced in sympathectomized animals, as judged by increased plaque frequency and by the phenotypic modulation of SMCs in the intima. Our results show that in the media of FAs hypercholesterolemia induces changes similar to those observed in sympathectomized rabbits in non-pathological conditions, i.e., migration of adventitial FBs to the media and loss of medial SMCs. These latter changes, which can be ascribed to pathological events, were accentuated after sympathectomy in the hypercholesterolemic rabbits. The present study reveals that pathological events, including migration and phenotypic modulation of vascular FBs and loss of SMCs, may be under the influence of sympathetic nerves.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kacem
- Laboratoire de Pathologies Vasculaires, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, 7021 Jarzouna, Tunisia.
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