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Keith CM, McCuddy WT, Lindberg K, Miller LE, Bryant K, Mehta RI, Wilhelmsen K, Miller M, Navia RO, Ward M, Deib G, D'Haese PF, Haut MW. Procedural learning and retention relative to explicit learning and retention in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease using a modification of the trail making test. NEUROPSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENT, AND COGNITION. SECTION B, AGING, NEUROPSYCHOLOGY AND COGNITION 2023; 30:669-686. [PMID: 35603568 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2022.2077297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia are characterized by pathological changes to the medial temporal lobes, resulting in explicit learning and retention reductions. Studies demonstrate that implicit/procedural memory processes are relatively intact in these populations, supporting different anatomical substrates for differing memory systems. This study examined differences between explicit and procedural learning and retention in individuals with aMCI and AD dementia relative to matched healthy controls. We also examined anatomical substrates using volumetric MRI. Results revealed expected difficulties with explicit learning and retention in individuals with aMCI and AD with relatively preserved procedural memory. Explicit verbal retention was associated with medial temporal cortex volumes. However, procedural retention was not related to medial temporal or basal ganglia volumes. Overall, this study confirms the dissociation between explicit relative to procedural learning and retention in aMCI and AD dementia and supports differing anatomical substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cierra M Keith
- Department of Behavioral Medicine and Psychiatry, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
- The Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
| | - William T McCuddy
- Department of Behavioral Medicine and Psychiatry, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
- The Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
| | - Katharine Lindberg
- Department of Behavioral Medicine and Psychiatry, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
- The Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
| | - Liv E Miller
- Department of Behavioral Medicine and Psychiatry, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
- The Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
| | - Kirk Bryant
- Department of Behavioral Medicine and Psychiatry, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
- The Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
| | - Rashi I Mehta
- The Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
- Neuroradiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
| | - Kirk Wilhelmsen
- The Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
- Neurology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
| | - Mark Miller
- Department of Behavioral Medicine and Psychiatry, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
- The Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
| | - R Osvaldo Navia
- The Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
- Medicine, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
| | - Melanie Ward
- The Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
- Neurology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
| | - Gerard Deib
- The Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
- Neuroradiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
| | - Pierre-François D'Haese
- The Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
- Neuroradiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
| | - Marc W Haut
- Department of Behavioral Medicine and Psychiatry, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
- The Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
- Neurology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
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Crosson B. The Role of the Thalamus in Declarative and Procedural Linguistic Memory Processes. Front Psychol 2021; 12:682199. [PMID: 34630202 PMCID: PMC8496746 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.682199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Typically, thalamic aphasias appear to be primarily lexical-semantic disorders representing difficulty using stored declarative memories for semantic information to access lexical word forms. Yet, there also is reason to believe that the thalamus might play a role in linguistic procedural memory. For more than two decades, we have known that basal ganglia dysfunction is associated with difficulties in procedural learning, and specific thalamic nuclei are the final waypoint back to the cortex in cortico-basal ganglia-cortical loops. Recent analyses of the role of the thalamus in lexical-semantic processes and of the role of the basal ganglia in linguistic processes suggest that thalamic participation is not simply a matter of declarative vs. procedural memory, but a matter of how the thalamus participates in lexical-semantic processes and in linguistic procedural memory, as well as the interaction of these processes. One role for the thalamus in accessing lexical forms for semantic concepts relates to the stabilization of a very complex semantic-lexical interface with thousands of representations on both sides of the interface. Further, the possibility is discussed that the thalamus, through its participation in basal ganglia loops, participates in two linguistic procedural memory processes: syntactic/grammatical procedures and procedures for finding words to represent semantic concepts, with the latter interacting intricately with declarative memories. These concepts are discussed in detail along with complexities that can be addressed by future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce Crosson
- Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA, United States.,Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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Yang K, Shen B, Li DK, Wang Y, Zhao J, Zhao J, Yu WB, Liu ZY, Tang YL, Liu FT, Yu H, Wang J, Guo QH, Wu JJ. Cognitive characteristics in Chinese non-demented PD patients based on gender difference. Transl Neurodegener 2018; 7:16. [PMID: 30038782 PMCID: PMC6052700 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-018-0120-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cognitive impairment is one of the non-motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease (PD). In the present study, we aim to examine the cognitive function of non-demented Parkinson’s disease patients and compare the results between male and female patients as well as control groups in search of any gender effect. Methods Sixty PD Patients (30 males and 30 females) from the Movement Disorders Clinic at Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University were recruited to participate in the study. One hundred age and gender matched control subjects without neurological or psychiatric disorders were voluntarily recruited. The participants were administered measures of cognition in five domains including memory, language, spatial processing abilities, attention and executive function. Results PD patients attained significantly lower scores in the visual spatial function, language and attention/executive function compared with the control group. Anti-parkinsonian treated patients performed worse in Rey-copy score, Clock Drawing Test (CDT) and Verbal Fluency-City than untreated ones. In regard to gender differences, though no general cognitive differences were found in Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE), men surpassed women on Boston naming test (BNT) while women were superior on Auditory Verbal Learning Test-long (AVLT) delayed cued recall test. Conclusions Cognitive impairments were common in PD patients even in the absence of dementia. PD patients with anti-parkinsonian medication had worse cognitive impairment than untreated patients. Genders may have different manifestations of cognitive impairment in PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Yang
- 1Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040 China
| | - Bo Shen
- 1Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040 China
| | - Da-Ke Li
- 1Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040 China
| | - Ying Wang
- 1Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040 China
| | - Jue Zhao
- 1Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040 China
| | - Jian Zhao
- 1Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040 China
| | - Wen-Bo Yu
- 1Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040 China
| | - Zhen-Yang Liu
- 1Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040 China
| | - Yi-Lin Tang
- 1Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040 China
| | - Feng-Tao Liu
- 1Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040 China
| | - Huan Yu
- 1Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040 China
| | - Jian Wang
- 1Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040 China
| | - Qi-Hao Guo
- 1Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040 China
| | - Jian-Jun Wu
- 1Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040 China.,Department of Neurology, Jing'an District Center Hospital of Shanghai, 259 Xikang Road, Shanghai, 20040 China
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Ardayfio P, Moon J, Leung KKA, Youn-Hwang D, Kim KS. Impaired learning and memory in Pitx3 deficient aphakia mice: a genetic model for striatum-dependent cognitive symptoms in Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2008; 31:406-12. [PMID: 18573342 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2008.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2008] [Revised: 05/16/2008] [Accepted: 05/23/2008] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Disorders of the basal ganglia such as Parkinson's disease (PD) and Huntington's disease are commonly thought of primarily as motor disorders; however, the cognitive symptoms of these diseases such as executive dysfunction, learning, memory and attention deficits are prominent and often more disabling than the hallmark motor symptoms. Cognitive features of PD are often neglected in preclinical studies of PD, likely due to the lack of available animal models to study them. Aphakia mice, which are deficient in the transcription factor Pitx3, model the selective nigrostriatal DA loss in PD. Here we report that aphakia mice are impaired in striatum-dependent cognitive tasks including rotarod learning, T-maze and inhibitory avoidance tasks, but not the striatum-independent social transmission of food preference task. These results suggest that some neuropsychiatric symptoms in PD are related to the pathophysiology of the disease rather than stress associated with disease burden, or medications used to treat PD. Furthermore aphakia mice may be used as a novel model of non-motor symptoms in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Ardayfio
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, MRC 215, 115 Mill Street, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
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