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Drapikowska M, Susek K, Hasterok R, Szkudlarz P, Celka Z, Jackowiak B. Variability of stomata and 45S and 5S rDNAs loci characteristics in two species of Anthoxanthum genus: A. aristatum and A. odoratum (Poaceae). ACTA BIOLOGICA HUNGARICA 2013; 64:352-63. [PMID: 24013896 DOI: 10.1556/abiol.64.2013.3.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Diploid Anthoxanthum odoratum and tetraploid A. aristatum were compared with respect to stomatal guard cell lengths, and stomatal density at adaxial and abaxial surfaces of the lamina. Further, the genome size of both species was determined by flow cytometry, and the number as well as the chromosomal distribution of 5S and 45S rDNAs were examined using FISH with ribosomal DNA (rDNA) probes. The average length of stomatal guard cells in A. odoratum was shown to be greater than that for A. aristatum, but the ranges overlapped. Moreover, reduction in stomatal frequency was found at higher ploidy levels.The genome size was 6.863 pg/2C DNA for A. aristatum and 13.252 pg/2C DNA for A. odoratum. A. aristatum has four sites of 5S rDNA in its root-tip meristematic cells, whereas A. odoratum has six. Both species have six sites of 45S rDNA. Chromosomal localization of the rDNA varied, which suggests that chromosome rearrangements took place during Anthoxanthum genome evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Drapikowska
- Poznań University of Life Sciences Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection Poznań Poland
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Prochnik S, Marri PR, Desany B, Rabinowicz PD, Kodira C, Mohiuddin M, Rodriguez F, Fauquet C, Tohme J, Harkins T, Rokhsar DS, Rounsley S. The Cassava Genome: Current Progress, Future Directions. TROPICAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2012; 5:88-94. [PMID: 22523606 PMCID: PMC3322327 DOI: 10.1007/s12042-011-9088-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The starchy swollen roots of cassava provide an essential food source for nearly a billion people, as well as possibilities for bioenergy, yet improvements to nutritional content and resistance to threatening diseases are currently impeded. A 454-based whole genome shotgun sequence has been assembled, which covers 69% of the predicted genome size and 96% of protein-coding gene space, with genome finishing underway. The predicted 30,666 genes and 3,485 alternate splice forms are supported by 1.4 M expressed sequence tags (ESTs). Maps based on simple sequence repeat (SSR)-, and EST-derived single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) already exist. Thanks to the genome sequence, a high-density linkage map is currently being developed from a cross between two diverse cassava cultivars: one susceptible to cassava brown streak disease; the other resistant. An efficient genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) approach is being developed to catalog SNPs both within the mapping population and among diverse African farmer-preferred varieties of cassava. These resources will accelerate marker-assisted breeding programs, allowing improvements in disease-resistance and nutrition, and will help us understand the genetic basis for disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Prochnik
- US DOE Joint Genome Institute, 2800 Mitchell Dr., Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA
| | - Pradeep Reddy Marri
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, 1657 E. Helen St., Tucson, AZ 85721 USA
| | - Brian Desany
- 454 Life Sciences (Roche), 1 Commercial Street, Branford, CT 06405 USA
| | - Pablo D. Rabinowicz
- Institute for Genome Sciences (IGS), University of Maryland School of Medicine, BioPark Building II, 801 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
- Dept. of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
- Office of Biological and Environmental Research, DOE, Washington, DC USA
| | - Chinnappa Kodira
- 454 Life Sciences (Roche), 1 Commercial Street, Branford, CT 06405 USA
| | | | - Fausto Rodriguez
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
- CIAT, Km 17, Recta Cali-Palmira, Apartado Aéreo 6713 Cali, Colombia
| | - Claude Fauquet
- ILTAB, Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, 975 North Warson Road, St. Louis, MO 63132 USA
| | - Joseph Tohme
- CIAT, Km 17, Recta Cali-Palmira, Apartado Aéreo 6713 Cali, Colombia
| | - Timothy Harkins
- Life Technologies Corp, 5791 Van Allen Way, Carlsbad, CA 92008 USA
| | - Daniel S. Rokhsar
- US DOE Joint Genome Institute, 2800 Mitchell Dr., Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3200 USA
| | - Steve Rounsley
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, 1657 E. Helen St., Tucson, AZ 85721 USA
- Dow Agrosciences, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, IN 46268 USA
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Fonsêca A, Ferreira J, dos Santos TRB, Mosiolek M, Bellucci E, Kami J, Gepts P, Geffroy V, Schweizer D, dos Santos KGB, Pedrosa-Harand A. Cytogenetic map of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Chromosome Res 2010; 18:487-502. [PMID: 20449646 PMCID: PMC2886897 DOI: 10.1007/s10577-010-9129-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2010] [Revised: 03/12/2010] [Accepted: 03/28/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A cytogenetic map of common bean was built by in situ hybridization of 35 bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) selected with markers mapping to eight linkage groups, plus two plasmids for 5S and 45S ribosomal DNA and one bacteriophage. Together with three previously mapped chromosomes (chromosomes 3, 4, and 7), 43 anchoring points between the genetic map and the cytogenetic map of the species are now available. Furthermore, a subset of four BAC clones was proposed to identify the 11 chromosome pairs of the standard cultivar BAT93. Three of these BACs labelled more than a single chromosome pair, indicating the presence of repetitive DNA in their inserts. A repetitive distribution pattern was observed for most of the BACs; for 38% of them, highly repetitive pericentromeric or subtelomeric signals were observed. These distribution patterns corresponded to pericentromeric and subtelomeric heterochromatin blocks observed with other staining methods. Altogether, the results indicate that around half of the common bean genome is heterochromatic and that genes and repetitive sequences are intermingled in the euchromatin and heterochromatin of the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Fonsêca
- Laboratory of Plant Cytogenetics, Department of Botany, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE 50670-420 Brazil
| | - Joana Ferreira
- Laboratory of Plant Cytogenetics, Department of Botany, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE 50670-420 Brazil
| | | | - Magdalena Mosiolek
- Department of Chromosome Biology, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
- Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Elisa Bellucci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali e delle Produzioni Vegetali, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
- National Institute of Agricultural Botany, Cambridge, CB3 0LE UK
| | - James Kami
- Department of Plant Sciences/MS1, Section of Crop and Ecosystem Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616-8780 USA
| | - Paul Gepts
- Department of Plant Sciences/MS1, Section of Crop and Ecosystem Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616-8780 USA
| | - Valérie Geffroy
- Institut de Biotechnologie des Plantes, UMR-CNRS 8618, INRA, Université Paris Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
- Unité Mixte de Recherche de Génétique Végétale, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Dieter Schweizer
- Department of Chromosome Biology, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
- Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Karla G. B. dos Santos
- Laboratory of Plant Cytogenetics, Department of Botany, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE 50670-420 Brazil
| | - Andrea Pedrosa-Harand
- Laboratory of Plant Cytogenetics, Department of Botany, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE 50670-420 Brazil
- Department of Chromosome Biology, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
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Kang WH, Hoang NH, Yang HB, Kwon JK, Jo SH, Seo JK, Kim KH, Choi D, Kang BC. Molecular mapping and characterization of a single dominant gene controlling CMV resistance in peppers (Capsicum annuum L.). TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2010; 120:1587-96. [PMID: 20180096 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-010-1278-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2009] [Accepted: 01/19/2010] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) is one of the most destructive viruses in the Solanaceae family. Simple inheritance of CMV resistance in peppers has not previously been documented; all previous studies have reported that resistance to this virus is mediated by several partially dominant and recessive genes. In this study, we showed that the Capsicum annuum cultivar 'Bukang' contains a single dominant resistance gene against CMV(Korean) and CMV(FNY) strains. We named this resistance gene Cmr1 (Cucumber mosaic resistance 1). Analysis of the cellular localization of CMV using a CMV green fluorescent protein construct showed that in 'Bukang,' systemic movement of the virus from the epidermal cell layer to mesophyll cells is inhibited. Genetic mapping and FISH analysis revealed that the Cmr1 gene is located at the centromeric region of LG2, a position syntenic to the ToMV resistance locus (Tm-1) in tomatoes. Three SNP markers were developed by comparative genetic mapping: one intron-based marker using a pepper homolog of Tm-1, and two SNP markers using tomato and pepper BAC sequences mapped near Cmr1. We expect that the SNP markers developed in this study will be useful for developing CMV-resistant cultivars and for fine mapping the Cmr1 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Hee Kang
- Department of Plant Science, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, 599 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-921, Korea
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