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Tadesse YB, Kassaw AT, Belachew EA. Evaluating self-medication practices in Ethiopia. J Pharm Policy Pract 2023; 16:47. [PMID: 36945071 PMCID: PMC10029313 DOI: 10.1186/s40545-023-00553-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Self-medication with antibiotics has become an important factor driving antibiotic resistance and it masks the signs and symptoms of the underlying disease and hence complicates the problem, increasing drug resistance and delaying diagnosis. This study aimed to assess the extent of self-medication practice with antibiotics and its associated factors among adult patients attending outpatient departments (OPD) at selected public Hospitals, in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. METHODS Facility-based cross-sectional study was employed. A systematic random sampling technique was used to include the study participants. Self-administered with structured questionnaires were applied among patients who visited outpatient departments at selected public Hospitals, in Addis Ababa. Data were entered into Epi-data version 4.6 and analyzed using SPSS version 26. Descriptive statistics such as frequencies and percentages were used for the present categorical data. The data are presented in pie charts, tables, and bar graphs. Furthermore, bivariable and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were used to identify significant associations. Statistical significance was declared at p value < 0.05. RESULTS Out of 421 respondents interviewed, 403 (95.7%) participants completed questionnaires. Among the respondents, 71% had generally practiced self-medication. Among these, 48.3% had self-medication with antibiotics, while 51.7% had used other drugs. The most commonly cited indication for self-medication practice was abdominal pain 44.9%, followed by Sore throat 21% commonly used antibiotics are amoxicillin (57%), ciprofloxacin (13%), amoxicillin/clavulanic (10%), erythromycin (8%), cotrimoxazole (7%), and doxycycline (5%). CONCLUSIONS Self-medication with antibiotics was common among the study participants. The prevalence of general self-medication was 71%, whereas that of self-medication with antibiotics was 48.3%. In general, the potentially dangerous effects of SMP seem to be underestimated by patients with OPD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yabibal Berie Tadesse
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Abebe Tarekegn Kassaw
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia
| | - Eyayaw Ashete Belachew
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
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Adib-Hajbaghery M, Fattahi Ardakani M, Sotoudeh A, Asadian A. Prevalence of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) among diabetic patients in Eastern Mediterranean country members of the World Health Organization (WHO): A review. J Herb Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2021.100476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Jeihooni AK, Barati M, Kouhpayeh A, Kashfi SM, Harsini PA, Rahbar M. The Effect of Educational Intervention Based on BASNEF Model on Self-Medication Behavior of Type 2 Diabetic Patients. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2019; 23:616-622. [PMID: 32042697 PMCID: PMC6987780 DOI: 10.4103/ijem.ijem_436_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes is one of the main reasons of the increase of morbidity and mortality around the world. Considering the burden of disease, self-medication can result in irrecoverable consequences. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of educational intervention based on Beliefs, Attitudes, Subjective Norms and Enabling Factors (BASNEF) model on self-medication behaviors of type 2 diabetic patients in Fasa, Fars province, Iran, in 2017-2018. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this quasi-experimental study, 200 type 2 diabetic patients under cover of the diabetes center of Fasa were investigated (100 patients for experimental group and 100 patients for control group). A questionnaire investigating demographic information and BASNEF Model constructs (knowledge, attitude, enabling factors, subjective norms, and behavioral intention) was used for evaluating self-medication behaviors of patients before and 3 months after intervention. RESULTS The average age of experimental group was 53.25 ± 8.42 and the average age of control group was 54.18 ± 8.13. Three months after intervention, experimental group showed significant enhancement in knowledge, attitude, enabling factors, subjective norms, and behavioral intention and their self-medication behaviors reduced, while control group showed no significant changes in mentioned factors. CONCLUSION The present study indicated the efficiency of BASNEF model on reduction of self-medication behaviors of diabetic patients. Hence, this model can act as a framework for designing and implementing educational interventions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Khani Jeihooni
- Department of Public Health, School of Health, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Maryam Barati
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Amin Kouhpayeh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Seyyed Mansour Kashfi
- Department of Public Health, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Pooyan Afzali Harsini
- Department of Public Health, School of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Milad Rahbar
- Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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Shaamekhi HR, Asghari Jafarabadi M, Alizadeh M. Demographic determinants of self-medication in the population covered by health centers in Tabriz. Health Promot Perspect 2019; 9:181-190. [PMID: 31508338 PMCID: PMC6717925 DOI: 10.15171/hpp.2019.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Self-medication is the choice and use of medications by people to treat a self-diagnosed illness or symptom. The aim of this study was to search the relationship between a number of socio-demographic conditions and self-medication in the population covered by health complexes in Tabriz, Iran. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional descriptive-analytic study and was carried out on the population covered by health complexes in Tabriz. Participants were recruited by a multi-stage sampling method. A total of 1000 participants were included in the study. Data collection was done using a researcher-created questionnaire. Data were analyzed using chi-square test and logistic regression. Results: The incidence of self-medication was 70.9% for participants who reported illness in the last month. The chance of self-medication was higher in young (P=0.007) and middle-aged (P=0.012) groups, and housewives (P=0.048); and was lower among participants who were not literate (P=0.047). There was no significant relationship between gender and self medication (P=0.553). The high cost of visits was mentioned as a reason for self-medication. The most frequently mentioned drugs used in self-medication were analgesics, cold medicines, and antibiotics, respectively. More frequent reasons for self-medication were the previous experience of the disease, the assumption that the ailment was not important, and the high cost of visits, respectively. Conclusion: The prevalence of self-medication in this study was high. Considering the results, education in the community, financial support, and monitoring the delivery of drugs can play an important role in improving the pattern of drug use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Reza Shaamekhi
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Asghari Jafarabadi
- Road Traffic Injury Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahasti Alizadeh
- Social Determinants of Health Research Centre, Health Management and Safety Promotion Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Oyediran OO, Ayandiran EO, Olatubi MI, Olabode O. Awareness of risks associated with Self-medication among Patients attending General Out-patient Department of a Tertiary Hospital in South Western Nigeria. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AFRICA NURSING SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijans.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Damnjanović I, Kitić D, Stefanović N, Zlatković–Guberinić S, Catić–Đorđević A, Veličković–Radovanović R. THE USE OF HERBAL DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS IN DIABETIC PATIENTS: ROLE OF HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS. ACTA MEDICA MEDIANAE 2017. [DOI: 10.5633/amm.2017.0404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Pattern of use of complementary and alternative medicine among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Alexandria, Egypt. J Egypt Public Health Assoc 2016; 88:137-42. [PMID: 24374946 DOI: 10.1097/01.epx.0000440994.89503.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus is a major health problem worldwide. Several studies have shown that a significant number of diabetic patients resort to complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), which raises concerns regarding compliance to pharmacotherapy as well as the safety of these medications. OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to determine the pattern of CAM use among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients in Alexandria, Egypt, and its impact on compliance to pharmacotherapy. PATIENTS SAND METHODS This was a cross-sectional study of 1100 T2DM patients attending outpatient clinics of different hospitals such as University, Health Insurance, governmental, and private sector hospitals using a pretested questionnaire. RESULTS CAM use among the patients was found to be 41.7% (26.3% use CAM on a daily basis). The main reason for using CAM was belief in its benefits. The most commonly used CAM comprised white lupine, fenugreek, onion, and remedies consisting of unknown components. Poor compliance to conventional therapy (P<0.05), complete cessation of conventional therapy by the patient himself (P<0.005), poor glycemic control (P<0.05), and higher rates of complications (P<0.01) were associated with CAM use. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS CAM use is notably prevalent among T2DM patients in Alexandria, Egypt, with significant impact on compliance to conventional therapies and the associated complications. Hence, there is increasing importance for raising patient awareness and continuing medical education for physicians.
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Opinion of community pharmacists on use of nonprescription medications in Alexandria, Egypt. J Egypt Public Health Assoc 2016; 88:79-84. [PMID: 23963086 DOI: 10.1097/01.epx.0000430954.20897.2d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many studies have reported the use of over-the counter (OTC) or nonprescription medications (medications that are available to consumers without a prescription) to be inappropriate and associated with risks to consumers. Among healthcare professionals, pharmacists have a key role in providing information and helping customers make a safe choice of nonprescription medicines. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to measure the attitudes and beliefs of community pharmacists toward the use of nonprescription medications by Egyptian customers. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out among community pharmacies in Alexandria. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from 335 pharmacists working in community pharmacies. RESULTS The use of nonprescription medicine among patients/consumers was reported by 66.9% of pharmacists to have increased in the past 4 years and 94.1% of them considered such a use to be very serious or somewhat serious. Long-term or chronic use was cited by 76.7% of pharmacists as the most common reason for the widespread inappropriate use of nonprescription medications, and 82.4% of the pharmacists considered the most common contributing factor to be lack of knowledge of patients/customers about the active ingredients in a branded product. The most common medications enquired about by patients/consumers were those for cough, cold, or sore throat, as reported by 73.5% of pharmacists, whereas 79.4% of pharmacists reported that patients asked about how to use nonprescription drugs. Sixty percent of pharmacists reported that the main reason that patients/customers did not seek consultation for nonprescription medicines was that they believed that nonprescription medicines were safe, and 52.5% reported that patients believed that taking advice on how to use it was unnecessary. To learn about nonprescription medicine, 93.7% of pharmacists turned to drug product labeling. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS Use of nonprescription drugs is a serious problem that has increased over the past few years. Long-term or chronic use of nonprescription medicine was the most common form of inappropriate use of nonprescription medications and lack of knowledge on the part of patients/customers about the active ingredient in a branded product was the most common factor contributing to its inappropriate use. Pharmacists should receive continuous professional education to increase their knowledge on and improve their practice of prescribing nonprescription medication; further, drug companies should be precise when disclosing information on OTC drug labels as the majority of pharmacists consult the drug label as a source of information about OTC.
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Rayes IK, Hassali MA, Abduelkarem AR. Perception of community pharmacists toward their current professional role in the healthcare system of Dubai, United Arab Emirates. Saudi Pharm J 2015; 23:235-40. [PMID: 26106271 PMCID: PMC4475807 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2014.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The new paradigm to pharmacy profession has changed the focus of pharmacists from product-centered to patient-oriented. This change has brought new set of beliefs and assumptions on the way services should be delivered to pharmacy clients. The main aim of this study was to explore the perception of community pharmacists on their current professional role in Dubai. Key findings show that community pharmacists are more directed toward business than patients. They almost dispense all categories of medicines over-the-counter without the need of prescriptions. However, a new trend of pharmacists in Dubai is to provide enhanced pharmacy services such as consultation to patients upon request.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Khalid Rayes
- Discipline of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Mohamed Azmi Hassali
- Discipline of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Abduelmula R Abduelkarem
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmaco-therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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Zayneb A, Hayat A, Bouchra A, Youssef H, Hanane L. Herbal medicines use among diabetic patients in Oriental Morocco. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.5897/jpp2014.0338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Wilbur K, Salam SE, Mohammadi E. Patient perceptions of pharmacist roles in guiding self-medication of over-the-counter therapy in Qatar. Patient Prefer Adherence 2010; 4:87-93. [PMID: 20517469 PMCID: PMC2875718 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s9530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Self-care, including self-medication with over-the-counter (OTC) drugs, facilitates the public's increased willingness to assume greater responsibility for their own health. Direct consultation with pharmacists provides efficient professional guidance for safe and appropriate OTC use. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to characterize patient perceptions of pharmacists and use of nonprescription therapy in an ambulatory care population in Qatar. METHODS Patients having prescriptions filled at one organization's private medical clinics during two distinct two-week periods were invited to participate in a short verbal questionnaire. Awareness of pharmacist roles in guiding OTC drug selection was assessed, as were patient preferences for OTC indications. Attitudes towards pharmacist and nurse drug knowledge and comfort with direct dispensing were also evaluated. RESULTS Five hundred seventy patients participated representing 29 countries. Most respondents were men (92.1%) with mean age of 38.3 years. Almost 1 in 7 did not know medical complaints could be assessed by a pharmacist (15.3%) and 1 in 5 (21.9%) were unaware pharmacists could directly supply OTC therapy. The majority (85.3%) would be interested in this service. In general, respondents were more comfortable with medication and related advice supplied by pharmacists as opposed to nursing professionals. CONCLUSION Patients were familiar with the roles of pharmacists as they pertain to self-medication with OTC therapy and described the desire to use such a service within this Qatar ambulatory health care setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry Wilbur
- Qatar University College of Pharmacy, Doha, Qatar
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