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Yang HL, Kuo YT, Vudhya Gowrisankar Y, Lin KY, Hsu LS, Huang PJ, Lin HC, Hseu YC. The Leaf Extracts of Toona sinensis and Fermented Culture Broths of Antrodia camphorata Synergistically Cause Apoptotic Cell Death in Promyelocytic Leukemia Cells. Integr Cancer Ther 2020; 19:1534735420923734. [PMID: 32618215 PMCID: PMC7336824 DOI: 10.1177/1534735420923734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Toona sinensis is a common edible vegetable that is used in
certain Chinese dishes and has importance in folk medicine. The leaf extracts of
T sinensis possess and exhibit anticancer efficacy against
various cancer cell types. In Taiwanese folklore, Antrodia
camphorata, also known as “Niu-Cheng-Zi,” is used in traditional
medicine to treat various illnesses. Its fruit and mycelium possess various
potent antiproliferative properties. Two studies from our group have reported
that T sinensis or A camphorata has the
ability to cause apoptosis in various cancer cells. Conversely, underlying
molecular mechanisms and any beneficial effects remain unknown. This study shows
anticancer efficacy for both T sinensis and A
camphorata co-treatments that target HL-60 cells. The combination
index values indicate that 40 µg/mL of T sinensis and 25 µg/mL
of A camphorata as a combined treatment shows a synergetic
effect, which reduces HL-60 cell proliferation. Alternately, this treatment
exhibited no cytotoxic effects for human umbilical vein endothelial cells.
Western blot data showed that T sinensis and A
camphorata as a combined treatment result in augmented expression
of apoptosis, cytochrome c release, Bcl-2 inhibition, expression of Bax, Fas,
and FasL, as well as the cleavage of Bid in HL-60 cells. Moreover, this combined
treatment overshadowed monotherapy in its ability to inhibit uPAR, MMP-9, MMP-2,
COX-2 expression, and PGE2 secretions. Our study strongly implies
that this combined treatment offers more beneficial effects to suppress and
treat leukemia due to apoptosis-mediated cell inhibition. Further in
vivo studies related to the combined treatment could establish its
future potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Ling Yang
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ting Kuo
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | - Kai-Yuan Lin
- Department of Medical Research, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Li-Sung Hsu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Jane Huang
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chang Lin
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - You-Cheng Hseu
- Department of Cosmeceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Research Center of Chinese Herbal Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Chonsut P, Mahalapbutr P, Pradubyat N, Chavasiri W, Wonganan P, Ketchart W. Ethoxy mansonone G as an anticancer agent in estrogen receptor-positive and endocrine-resistant breast cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 71:1839-1853. [PMID: 31588558 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study anticancer effects, underlying mechanism and safety of ethoxy mansonone G (EMG) which is the potent derivative of mansonone G (MG) in breast cancer cells. METHODS Anticancer, antimigration, anti-invasion effects and anchorage-independent growth were investigated by MTT, scratch, matrigel invasion and soft agar assays. Estrogen receptor (ER)-targeted genes and endocrine-resistant genes were assessed by RT-PCR and Western blot. KEY FINDINGS Ethoxy mansonone G is the most potent MG derivative and has anticancer effects in ER-positive, endocrine-resistant and ER-negative breast cancer cells. Our results demonstrated that EMG can significantly inhibit estrogen-induced cell proliferation and the expression of ER-targeted genes in ER-positive breast cancer cells, suggesting the anti-estrogenic property of EMG which is consisting with the virtual molecular docking that EMG could possibly bind to the ERα. Moreover, EMG has synergistic effect with tamoxifen in endocrine-resistant cells. EMG also inhibited cell proliferation, invasion and anchorage-independent growth by reducing expression of genes involved in endocrine resistance and invasive factors during the metastatic process. CONCLUSION Ethoxy mansonone G has an anticancer effect in breast cancer cells and is possible to use as a therapeutic agent in patients with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piriya Chonsut
- Overcoming Cancer Drug Resistance Research Unit, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Panupong Mahalapbutr
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nalinee Pradubyat
- Overcoming Cancer Drug Resistance Research Unit, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Rangsit University, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Warinthorn Chavasiri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Piyanuch Wonganan
- Overcoming Cancer Drug Resistance Research Unit, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wannarasmi Ketchart
- Overcoming Cancer Drug Resistance Research Unit, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Milenković J, Miljković E, Milenković K, Bojanić N. PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR INHIBITOR 1 (PAI - 1) AS A POTENTIAL DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC TARGET. ACTA MEDICA MEDIANAE 2018. [DOI: 10.5633/amm.2018.0217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Li H, Bergeron S, Annis MG, Siegel PM, Juncker D. Serial analysis of 38 proteins during the progression of human breast tumor in mice using an antibody colocalization microarray. Mol Cell Proteomics 2015; 14:1024-37. [PMID: 25680959 PMCID: PMC4390249 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m114.046516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteins in serum or plasma hold great potential for use in disease diagnosis and monitoring. However, the correlation between tumor burden and protein biomarker concentration has not been established. Here, using an antibody colocalization microarray, the protein concentration in serum was measured and compared with the size of mammary xenograft tumors in 11 individual mice from the time of injection; seven blood samples were collected from each tumor-bearing mouse as well as control mice on a weekly basis. The profiles of 38 proteins detected in sera from these animals were analyzed by clustering, and we identified 10 proteins with the greatest relative increase in serum concentration that correlated with growth of the primary mammary tumor. To evaluate the diagnosis of cancer based on these proteins using either an absolute threshold (i.e. a concentration cutoff) or self-referenced differential threshold based on the increase in concentration before cell injection, receiver operating characteristic curves were produced for 10 proteins with increased concentration, and the area under curve was calculated for each time point based on a single protein or on a panel of proteins, in each case showing a rapid increase of the area under curve. Next, the sensitivity and specificity of individual and optimal protein panels were calculated, showing high accuracy as early as week 2. These results provide a foundation for studies of tumor growth through measuring serial changes of protein concentration in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyan Li
- From the ‡Biomedical Engineering Department, §McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre
| | - Sébastien Bergeron
- From the ‡Biomedical Engineering Department, §McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre
| | | | - Peter M Siegel
- ‖Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, and
| | - David Juncker
- From the ‡Biomedical Engineering Department, §McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, **Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec H3A 0G1, Canada
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Su Y, Guan XQ, Liu FQ, Wang YL. The effects of MIBG on the invasive properties of HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Int J Mol Med 2014; 34:842-8. [PMID: 24970008 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.1819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of meta-iodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) on the invasive properties of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells and examine whether these effects are due to the ability of MIBG to inhibit arginine-specific mono-ADP-ribosylation. Samples from patients with HCC were divided into 2 groups, a metastatic group and a non-metastatic group. Immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR were used to detect the protein and mRNA expression of arginine-specific adenosine diphosphate-ribosyltransferase 1 (ART1) and integrin α7 in the HCC tissues. In addition, the expression of ART1 was measured in HepG2 HCC cells by immunofluorescence. The inhibition of the metastasis of HepG2 cells by MIBG at various concentrations was measured by MTT assay. In addition, the effects of MIBG on HepG2 cell metastasis were measured using a scratch wound assay and a transwell invasion assay. Western blot analysis was used to detect the protein expression of ART1, integrin α7, focal adhesion kinase (FAK), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) in the HepG2 cells. The mRNA and protein levels of ART1 and integrin α7 were higher in the metastatic HCC samples than in the non-metastatic HCC samples. ART1 expression was detected in the HepG2 cells. The half maximal inhibition concentration (IC50) of MIBG in the HepG2 cells was 200 µmol/l (P<0.05). Within a certain dose range, MIBG exerted inhibitory effects on HepG2 cell migration in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment with MIBG significantly inhibited the migration and invasion of the HepG2 cells relative to the control cells (P<0.05) and reduced the protein expression of ART1, integrin α7, FAK, PI3K and uPA (P<0.05). Our data demonstrate that ART1 and integrin α7 may be involved in the invasive and metastatic properties of HCC cells. MIBG inhibited the migration and invasion of HepG2 cells, possibly through the inhibition of arginine-specific single-adenosine diphosphate ribosylation and the suppression of the protein expression of integrin α7β1, FAK and PI3K and the secretion of uPA, leading to reduced invasion by HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Su
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Qin Guan
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Feng-Qiu Liu
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Lan Wang
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
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Hu K, Law JH, Fotovati A, Dunn SE. Small interfering RNA library screen identified polo-like kinase-1 (PLK1) as a potential therapeutic target for breast cancer that uniquely eliminates tumor-initiating cells. Breast Cancer Res 2012; 14:R22. [PMID: 22309939 PMCID: PMC3496140 DOI: 10.1186/bcr3107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2011] [Revised: 01/12/2012] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) high rate of relapse is thought to be due to the presence of tumor-initiating cells (TICs), molecularly defined as being CD44high/CD24-/low. TICs are resilient to chemotherapy and radiation. However, no currently accepted molecular target exists against TNBC and, moreover, TICs. Therefore, we sought the identification of kinase targets that inhibit TNBC growth and eliminate TICs. METHODS A genome-wide human kinase small interfering RNA (siRNA) library (691 kinases) was screened against the TNBC cell line SUM149 for growth inhibition. Selected siRNAs were then tested on four different breast cancer cell lines to confirm the spectrum of activity. Their effect on the CD44high subpopulation and sorted CD44high/CD24-/low cells of SUM149 also was studied. Further studies were focused on polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1), including its expression in breast cancer cell lines, effect on the CD44high/CD24-/low TIC subpopulation, growth inhibition, mammosphere formation, and apoptosis, as well as the activity of the PLK1 inhibitor, BI 2536. RESULTS Of the 85 kinases identified in the screen, 28 of them were further silenced by siRNAs on MDA-MB-231 (TNBC), BT474-M1 (ER+/HER2+, a metastatic variant), and HR5 (ER+/HER2+, a trastuzumab-resistant model) cells and showed a broad spectrum of growth inhibition. Importantly, 12 of 28 kinases also reduced the CD44high subpopulation compared with control in SUM149. Further tests of these 12 kinases directly on a sorted CD44high/CD24-/low TIC subpopulation of SUM149 cells confirmed their effect. Blocking PLK1 had the greatest growth inhibition on breast cancer cells and TICs by about 80% to 90% after 72 hours. PLK1 was universally expressed in breast cancer cell lines, representing all of the breast cancer subtypes, and was positively correlated to CD44. The PLK1 inhibitor BI 2536 showed similar effects on growth, mammosphere formation, and apoptosis as did PLK1 siRNAs. Finally, whereas paclitaxel, doxorubicin, and 5-fluorouracil enriched the CD44high/CD24-/low population compared with control in SUM149, subsequent treatment with BI 2536 killed the emergent population, suggesting that it could potentially be used to prevent relapse. CONCLUSION Inhibiting PLK1 with siRNA or BI 2536 blocked growth of TNBCs including the CD44high/CD24-/low TIC subpopulation and mammosphere formation. Thus, PLK1 could be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of TNBC as well as other subtypes of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiji Hu
- Laboratory for Oncogenomic Research, Departments of Pediatrics, Experimental Medicine, and Medical Genetics, Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, 950 W. 28th Ave, Vancouver, British Columbia, V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Jennifer H Law
- Laboratory for Oncogenomic Research, Departments of Pediatrics, Experimental Medicine, and Medical Genetics, Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, 950 W. 28th Ave, Vancouver, British Columbia, V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Abbas Fotovati
- Laboratory for Oncogenomic Research, Departments of Pediatrics, Experimental Medicine, and Medical Genetics, Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, 950 W. 28th Ave, Vancouver, British Columbia, V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Sandra E Dunn
- Laboratory for Oncogenomic Research, Departments of Pediatrics, Experimental Medicine, and Medical Genetics, Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, 950 W. 28th Ave, Vancouver, British Columbia, V5Z 4H4, Canada
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