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Sitzberger C, Oberhoffer-Fritz R, Meyle K, Wagner M, Lienert N, Graupner O, Ensenauer R, Lobmaier SM, Wacker-Gußmann A. Gestational Diabetes: Physical Activity Before Pregnancy and Its Influence on the Cardiovascular System. Front Pediatr 2020; 8:465. [PMID: 32923415 PMCID: PMC7456967 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.00465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common complication in pregnancy, affecting around 14% of all pregnancies each year. It will likely further increase, as obesity becomes more prevalent. The impact of GDM on cardiovascular changes in pregnant women and her child is still unclear. The aim of the study was to measure the effects of physical activity before pregnancy on the cardiovascular system in patients with GDM in pregnancy. Methods: Two hundred and six pregnant women were included in this observational study. All participants were recruited at the tertiary level teaching University Hospital "Klinikum rechts der Isar" between 28 and 32 weeks gestation. Questionnaires dealing with pre-pregnancy daily and physical activity (PA) were evaluated. The cardiovascular status of the mothers included measurements of the intima-media thickness (IMT) of the carotid arteries. PA level was performed with a standardized 6-min-walking-test. Results: Ninety-nine women with GDM with a mean age of 33.84 (± 4.7) years were examined. One hundred seven healthy pregnant women aged 32.6 (± 4.2) years served as controls. The mean weight in the study group was 73.0 (± 20.3) kg and 61.7 (± 9.5) kg in the control group. Based on the higher weight in the study group, the Body Mass Index (BMI) was also significantly higher than in the control group (26.3 ± 7.1 vs. 21.6 ± 3; p < 0.001). The frequency of PA was significantly higher in the control group (p < 0.001). The objective fitness level was worse in pregnant women with GDM compared to healthy controls (472 vs. 523 m, p < 0.001). PA before and during pregnancy was less performed in the study group (86 vs. 64.5%, p = 0.002; 69 vs. 45.7%, p = 0.003). Women who were physically inactive before pregnancy had a 3-times higher risk to develop GDM compared to active women (OR = 2.67). The IMT was significantly thicker in the study group (0.48 ± 0.042 mm vs. 0.45 ± 0.042) mm; p = 0.006). Conclusion: Physical activity before pregnancy and a lower initial weight reduces the risk of developing GDM and cardiovascular risk factors in pregnancy. The development of prevention programs is certainly necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Sitzberger
- Faculty of Sports and Health Sciences Technische Univeristät Munich, Institute of Preventive Paediatric, Munich, Germany
| | - Renate Oberhoffer-Fritz
- Faculty of Sports and Health Sciences Technische Univeristät Munich, Institute of Preventive Paediatric, Munich, Germany.,German Heart Centre Department of Paediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Defects, Munich, Germany
| | - Kristina Meyle
- Faculty of Sports and Health Sciences Technische Univeristät Munich, Institute of Preventive Paediatric, Munich, Germany
| | - Maike Wagner
- Faculty of Sports and Health Sciences Technische Univeristät Munich, Institute of Preventive Paediatric, Munich, Germany
| | - Nadine Lienert
- Faculty of Sports and Health Sciences Technische Univeristät Munich, Institute of Preventive Paediatric, Munich, Germany
| | - Oliver Graupner
- Klinikum rechts der Isar, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Munich, Germany
| | - Regina Ensenauer
- Research Centre, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Experimental Paediatrics, Department of General Paediatrics, Neonatology and Paediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Silvia M Lobmaier
- Klinikum rechts der Isar, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Munich, Germany
| | - Annette Wacker-Gußmann
- Faculty of Sports and Health Sciences Technische Univeristät Munich, Institute of Preventive Paediatric, Munich, Germany.,German Heart Centre Department of Paediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Defects, Munich, Germany
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Brandt S, Wabitsch M. Bedeutung der mütterlichen Adipositas für die Gesundheit der Kinder. GYNAKOLOGISCHE ENDOKRINOLOGIE 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10304-017-0132-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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