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Braunstein CR, Noronha JC, Khan TA, Mejia SB, Wolever TMS, Josse RG, Kendall CWC, Sievenpiper JL. Effect of fructose and its epimers on postprandial carbohydrate metabolism: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Nutr 2020; 39:3308-3318. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Zuo J, Cai R, An Y, Tang H. Simultaneous Quantification of Five Stereoisomeric Hexoses in Nine Biological Matrices Using Ultrahigh Performance Liquid Chromatography with Tandem Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF ANALYSIS AND TESTING 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s41664-020-00142-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Combrink M, du Preez I, Ronacher K, Walzl G, Loots DT. Time-Dependent Changes in Urinary Metabolome Before and After Intensive Phase Tuberculosis Therapy: A Pharmacometabolomics Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 23:560-572. [DOI: 10.1089/omi.2019.0140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monique Combrink
- Human Metabolomics, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Ilse du Preez
- Human Metabolomics, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Katharina Ronacher
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research/MRC Centre for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
- Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Gerhard Walzl
- Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Du Toit Loots
- Human Metabolomics, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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Sato T, Kusuhara S, Yokoi W, Ito M, Miyazaki K. Prebiotic potential of L-sorbose and xylitol in promoting the growth and metabolic activity of specific butyrate-producing bacteria in human fecal culture. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2016; 93:fiw227. [PMID: 27810878 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiw227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary low-digestible carbohydrates (LDCs) affect gut microbial metabolism, including the production of short-chain fatty acids. The ability of various LDCs to promote butyrate production was evaluated in in vitro human fecal cultures. Fecal suspensions from five healthy males were anaerobically incubated with various LDCs. L-Sorbose and xylitol markedly promoted butyrate formation in cultures. Bacterial 16S rRNA gene-based denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analyses of these fecal cultures revealed a marked increase in the abundance of bacteria closely related to the species Anaerostipes hadrus or A. caccae or both, during enhanced butyrate formation from L-sorbose or xylitol. By using an agar plate culture, two strains of A. hadrus that produced butyrate from each substrate were isolated from the feces of two donors. Furthermore, of 12 species of representative colonic butyrate producers, only A. hadrus and A. caccae demonstrated augmented butyrate production from L-sorbose or xylitol. These findings suggest that L-sorbose and xylitol cause prebiotic stimulation of the growth and metabolic activity of Anaerostipes spp. in the human colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Sato
- Yakult Central Institute, 5-11 Izumi, Kunitachi-shi, Tokyo 186-8650, Japan
| | - Shiro Kusuhara
- Yakult Central Institute, 5-11 Izumi, Kunitachi-shi, Tokyo 186-8650, Japan
| | - Wakae Yokoi
- Yakult Central Institute, 5-11 Izumi, Kunitachi-shi, Tokyo 186-8650, Japan
| | - Masahiko Ito
- Yakult Central Institute, 5-11 Izumi, Kunitachi-shi, Tokyo 186-8650, Japan
| | - Kouji Miyazaki
- Yakult Central Institute, 5-11 Izumi, Kunitachi-shi, Tokyo 186-8650, Japan
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Atia A, Girard-Pipau F, Hébuterne X, Spies WG, Guardiola A, Ahn CW, Fryer J, Xue F, Rammohan M, Sumague M, Englyst K, Buchman AL. Macronutrient Absorption Characteristics in Humans With Short Bowel Syndrome and Jejunocolonic Anastomosis: Starch Is the Most Important Carbohydrate Substrate, Although Pectin Supplementation May Modestly Enhance Short Chain Fatty Acid Production and Fluid Absorption. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2011; 35:229-40. [DOI: 10.1177/0148607110378410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antwan Atia
- Department of Internal Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee
| | | | - Xavier Hébuterne
- Department of Gastroenterology, Université de Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - William G. Spies
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Antonella Guardiola
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Chul W. Ahn
- Department of Clinical Sciences, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, Texas
| | | | - Fengtian Xue
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Cell Biology, Center for Drug Discovery and Chemical Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
| | | | | | - Klaus Englyst
- Englyst Carbohydrates Ltd, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Alan L. Buchman
- Division of Gastroenterology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
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Briet F, Flourié B, Achour L, Maurel M, Rambaud JC, Messing B. Bacterial adaptation in patients with short bowel and colon in continuity. Gastroenterology 1995; 109:1446-53. [PMID: 7557124 DOI: 10.1016/0016-5085(95)90629-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Long-term carbohydrate malabsorption in patients with short bowel and colon in continuity (SBC) could result in a more efficient fermentation. The bacterial fermentation capacity in patients with SBC was assessed. METHODS Eleven fasting patients with SBC ingested 60 g lactulose with 10 g polyethylene glycol. Stool specimens were analyzed. Patients were compared with 8 normal subjects who ingested 60 g lactulose on two occasions, separated by 8 days during which 20 g lactulose was taken twice daily. Moreover, the daily amount of bacteria excreted in stools was measured in 6 patients with SBC and 6 normal subjects. RESULTS Despite fast transit time, patients fermented more lactulose and hexoses and had a higher activity of beta-galactosidase in stools than nonadapted normal subjects (P < 0.01); these parameters were roughly similar in patients and adapted normal subjects. The fecal output of short-chain fatty acids was significantly lower in patients than in nonadapted normal subjects (P < 0.03). Patients excreted a significantly greater amount of bacteria in stools than normal subjects (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In patients with SBC, the capacity of bacterial flora to ferment lactulose and fecal bacterial mass is spontaneously increased, suggesting that hyperfermentation may affect other carbohydrates. Moreover, hyperfermentation is associated with efficient removal of extra short-chain fatty acids from fecal water.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Briet
- INSERM Unité 290, Hôpital Saint-Lazare, Paris, France
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Würsch P, Koellreutter B, Gétaz F, Arnaud MJ. Metabolism of maltitol by conventional rats and mice and germ-free mice, and comparative digestibility between maltitol and sorbitol in germ-free mice. Br J Nutr 1990; 63:7-15. [PMID: 2107869 DOI: 10.1079/bjn19900087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The metabolism of maltitol (4-alpha-D-glucosylsorbitol) was assessed in fasting conventional (C) rats, C mice and germ-free (GF) mice, using [U-14C]maltitol. The radiorespirometric patterns of 14CO2 collected for 48 h after the administration of labelled maltitol were characterized by a constant rate of 14CO2 production lasting 4 h for both C rats and mice. The pattern for the GF mice showed a peak at the second hour followed immediately by a slow decrease. The percentage recovery of 14CO2 was significantly lower for the GF mice (59%) compared with C animals (72-74%). Urine, faeces and intestinal contents after 48 h totalled 19% of the administered radioactivity in the C rats and mice and 39% in the GF mice. The digestibility of maltitol and the absorption of sorbitol in GF mice was also assessed. The caecum and small intestine of GF mice, 3 h after administration of equimolar quantities of maltitol (140 mg/kg body-weight) or sorbitol (70 mg/kg body-weight), contained 39 and 51% of the ingested dose respectively, present mostly in the caecum as sorbitol. The alpha-glucosidase (maltase) (EC3.2.1.20) activity of the small intestine was appreciably higher (1.5-1.7 times) in the GF mice than in the C mice. These results suggest that the enzymic activities in the small intestine of mice and rats are sufficient to hydrolyse maltitol extensively. Consequently, the slow absorption of sorbitol seems to be an important factor limiting the overall assimilation of maltitol in the small intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Würsch
- Nestlé Research Centre, Nestec, Ltd, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Furuse M, Tamura Y, Matsuda S, Shimizu T, Okumura J. Lower fat deposition and energy utilization of growing rats fed diets containing sorbose. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. A, COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY 1989; 94:813-7. [PMID: 2575967 DOI: 10.1016/0300-9629(89)90640-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
1. Growing rats were fed diets containing graded levels (0, 100, 200 and 300 g/kg diet) of sorbose for 6 weeks. Protein, fat and energy deposition were determined by carcass analysis. 2. The values for growth, serum insulin level, digestible energy (DE), metabolizable energy (ME) and fat and energy deposition declined with the increment of dietary sorbose. 3. The efficiency of protein utilization (protein retained/protein consumed) was hardly affected by dietary sorbose. The DE and ME of sorbose per se was calculated as 14.09 and 12.35 kJ/g respectively. The efficiency of energy utilization (energy retained/ME intake) decreased with the increase of dietary sorbose, although sorbose had an ME. 4. The relative weights of gastro-intestinal tract and liver were positively associated with dietary sorbose level, although the reverse was true for the amount of stomach content, being heavier with higher dietary sorbose. 5. It is suggested that dietary sorbose, as a sweetener as well as a bulky agent, seems to be a suitable sugar for the obese and diabetic with special reference to lower body fat and energy deposition without reducing protein utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Furuse
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, School of Agriculture, Nagoya University, Japan
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Risk-benefit analyses of new sugar substitutes: 2. The formation of short-chain fatty acids in the ceca of non-adapted and adapted juvenile rats. Nutr Res 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/s0271-5317(84)80105-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Lorenz S, Grossklaus R. Risk-benefit analyses of new sugar substitutes: 1. Nutritional-physiological investigations on the osmotic effect and release of glucose in juvenile rats. Nutr Res 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/s0271-5317(84)80104-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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