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Sun HJ, Wu ZY, Nie XW, Wang XY, Bian JS. An Updated Insight Into Molecular Mechanism of Hydrogen Sulfide in Cardiomyopathy and Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury Under Diabetes. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:651884. [PMID: 34764865 PMCID: PMC8576408 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.651884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the most common complications of diabetes, and diabetic cardiomyopathy is a major cause of people death in diabetes. Molecular, transcriptional, animal, and clinical studies have discovered numerous therapeutic targets or drugs for diabetic cardiomyopathy. Within this, hydrogen sulfide (H2S), an endogenous gasotransmitter alongside with nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO), is found to play a critical role in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Recently, the protective roles of H2S in diabetic cardiomyopathy have attracted enormous attention. In addition, H2S donors confer favorable effects in myocardial infarction, ischaemia-reperfusion injury, and heart failure under diabetic conditions. Further studies have disclosed that multiplex molecular mechanisms are responsible for the protective effects of H2S against diabetes-elicited cardiac injury, such as anti-oxidative, anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-necrotic properties. In this review, we will summarize the current findings on H2S biology and pharmacology, especially focusing on the novel mechanisms of H2S-based protection against diabetic cardiomyopathy. Also, the potential roles of H2S in diabetes-aggravated ischaemia-reperfusion injury are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Jian Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhi-Yuan Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiao-Wei Nie
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xin-Yu Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University (Shenzhen Second People's Hospital), Shenzhen, China
| | - Jin-Song Bian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.,National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, Suzhou, China
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Onal EM, Afsar B, Covic A, Vaziri ND, Kanbay M. Gut microbiota and inflammation in chronic kidney disease and their roles in the development of cardiovascular disease. Hypertens Res 2018; 42:123-140. [PMID: 30504819 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-018-0144-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The health and proper functioning of the cardiovascular and renal systems largely depend on crosstalk in the gut-kidney-heart/vessel triangle. Recent evidence suggests that the gut microbiota has an integral function in this crosstalk. Mounting evidence indicates that the development of chronic kidney and cardiovascular diseases follows chronic inflammatory processes that are affected by the gut microbiota via various immune, metabolic, endocrine, and neurologic pathways. Additionally, deterioration of the function of the cardiovascular and renal systems has been reported to disrupt the original gut microbiota composition, further contributing to the advancement of chronic cardiovascular and renal diseases. Considering the interaction between the gut microbiota and the renal and cardiovascular systems, we can infer that interventions for the gut microbiota through diet and possibly some medications can prevent/stop the vicious cycle between the gut microbiota and the cardiovascular/renal systems, leading to a decrease in chronic cardiovascular and renal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emine M Onal
- Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Baris Afsar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Suleyman Demirel University School of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Adrian Covic
- Nephrology Clinic, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Center, 'C.I. PARHON' University Hospital, and 'Grigore T. Popa' University of Medicine, Iasi, Romania
| | - Nosratola D Vaziri
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Schools of Medicine and Biological Science, University of California, California, CA, USA
| | - Mehmet Kanbay
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Effect of acupuncture at Renying (ST 9) on gene expression profile of hypothalamus in spontaneously hypertensive rats. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcm.2018.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Sircana A, De Michieli F, Parente R, Framarin L, Leone N, Berrutti M, Paschetta E, Bongiovanni D, Musso G. Gut microbiota, hypertension and chronic kidney disease: Recent advances. Pharmacol Res 2018; 144:390-408. [PMID: 29378252 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A large number of different microbial species populates intestine. Extensive research has studied the entire microbial population and their genes (microbiome) by using metagenomics, metatranscriptomics and metabolomic analysis. Studies suggest that the imbalances of the microbial community causes alterations in the intestinal homeostasis, leading to repercussions on other systems: metabolic, nervous, cardiovascular, immune. These studies have also shown that alterations in the structure and function of the gut microbiota play a key role in the pathogenesis and complications of Hypertension (HTN) and Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). Increased blood pressure (BP) and CKD are two leading risk factors for cardiovascular disease and their treatment represents a challenge for the clinicians. In this Review, we discuss mechanisms whereby gut microbiota (GM) and its metabolites act on downstream cellular targets to contribute to the pathogenesis of HTN and CKD, and potential therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Sircana
- Unità Operativa di Cardiologia, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria, Sassari, Italy; Department of Medical Sciences, San Giovanni Battista Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Franco De Michieli
- HUMANITAS Gradenigo, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Department of Medical Sciences, San Giovanni Battista Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Renato Parente
- HUMANITAS Gradenigo, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Department of Medical Sciences, San Giovanni Battista Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Luciana Framarin
- HUMANITAS Gradenigo, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Department of Medical Sciences, San Giovanni Battista Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Nicola Leone
- HUMANITAS Gradenigo, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Department of Medical Sciences, San Giovanni Battista Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Mara Berrutti
- HUMANITAS Gradenigo, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Department of Medical Sciences, San Giovanni Battista Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Elena Paschetta
- HUMANITAS Gradenigo, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Department of Medical Sciences, San Giovanni Battista Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Daria Bongiovanni
- HUMANITAS Gradenigo, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Department of Medical Sciences, San Giovanni Battista Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Giovanni Musso
- HUMANITAS Gradenigo, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Department of Medical Sciences, San Giovanni Battista Hospital, Turin, Italy.
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Nallu A, Sharma S, Ramezani A, Muralidharan J, Raj D. Gut microbiome in chronic kidney disease: challenges and opportunities. Transl Res 2017; 179:24-37. [PMID: 27187743 PMCID: PMC5086447 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2016.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
More than 100 trillion microbial cells that reside in the human gut heavily influence nutrition, metabolism, and immune function of the host. Gut dysbiosis, seen commonly in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), results from qualitative and quantitative changes in host microbiome profile and disruption of gut barrier function. Alterations in gut microbiota and a myriad of host responses have been implicated in progression of CKD, increased cardiovascular risk, uremic toxicity, and inflammation. We present a discussion of dysbiosis, various uremic toxins produced from dysbiotic gut microbiome, and their roles in CKD progression and complications. We also review the gut microbiome in renal transplant, highlighting the role of commensal microbes in alteration of immune responses to transplantation, and conclude with therapeutic interventions that aim to restore intestinal dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anitha Nallu
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, The George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Shailendra Sharma
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, The George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Ali Ramezani
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, The George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Jagadeesan Muralidharan
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, The George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Dominic Raj
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, The George Washington University, Washington, DC.
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Ramezani A, Massy ZA, Meijers B, Evenepoel P, Vanholder R, Raj DS. Role of the Gut Microbiome in Uremia: A Potential Therapeutic Target. Am J Kidney Dis 2016; 67:483-98. [PMID: 26590448 PMCID: PMC5408507 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2015.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Also known as the "second human genome," the gut microbiome plays important roles in both the maintenance of health and the pathogenesis of disease. The symbiotic relationship between host and microbiome is disturbed due to the proliferation of dysbiotic bacteria in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Fermentation of protein and amino acids by gut bacteria generates excess amounts of potentially toxic compounds such as ammonia, amines, thiols, phenols, and indoles, but the generation of short-chain fatty acids is reduced. Impaired intestinal barrier function in patients with CKD permits translocation of gut-derived uremic toxins into the systemic circulation, contributing to the progression of CKD, cardiovascular disease, insulin resistance, and protein-energy wasting. The field of microbiome research is still nascent, but is evolving rapidly. Establishing symbiosis to treat uremic syndrome is a novel concept, but if proved effective, it will have a significant impact on the management of patients with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ramezani
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, The George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Ziad A Massy
- Division of Nephrology, Ambroise Paré University Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University of Paris Ouest-ersailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Boulogne-Billancourt/Paris, France; INSERM U1018, Research Centre in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP) Team 5, University of Paris Ouest-Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Villejuif, France
| | - Björn Meijers
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pieter Evenepoel
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Raymond Vanholder
- Nephrology Section, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dominic S Raj
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, The George Washington University, Washington, DC.
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Sun HZ, Yu KH, Ai HB. Role of hydrogen sulfide within the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus in the control of gastric function in rats. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2015; 27:618-26. [PMID: 25773343 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.12530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) is a gaseous messenger and serves as an important neuromodulator in the central nervous system. This study aimed to clarify the role of H2 S within the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV) in the control of gastric function in rats. METHODS Cystathionine β-synthetase (CBS) is an important generator of endogenous H2 S in the brain. We investigated the distribution of CBS in the DMV using immunohistochemical method, and the effects of H2 S on gastric motility and on gastric acid secretion. KEY RESULTS CBS-immunoreactive (IR) neurons were detected in the rostral, intermediate and caudal DMV, with the highest number of CBS-IR neurons in the caudal DMV, and the lowest in the intermediate DMV. We also found that microinjection of the exogenous H2 S donor NaHS (0.04 and 0.08 mol/L; 0.1 μL; n = 6; p < 0.05) into the DMV significantly inhibited gastric motility with a dose-dependent trend, and promoted gastric acid secretion in Wistar rats. Microinjection of the same volume of physiological saline (PS; 0.1 μL, n = 6, p > 0.05) at the same location did not noticeably change gastric motility and acid secretion. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES The data from these experiments suggest that the CBS that produces H2 S is present in the DMV, and microinjection of NaHS into the DMV inhibited gastric motility and enhanced gastric acid secretion in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-Z Sun
- College of Life Science, Qi Lu Normal University, Jinan, China
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Poh HT, Bengali AA, Fan WY. Group VI transition metal carbonyl hydrosulfides Na[M(CO) 5(SH)] (M = Cr, Mo, W) as water-soluble H 2S-releasing agents. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra14924f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Group VI metal carbonyl hydrosulfides as water-soluble H2S-releasing molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwa Tiong Poh
- Department of Chemistry
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore 117543
| | | | - Wai Yip Fan
- Department of Chemistry
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore 117543
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Hu H, Li P, Wang Y, Gu R. Hydrogen-rich water delays postharvest ripening and senescence of kiwifruit. Food Chem 2014; 156:100-9. [PMID: 24629944 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.01.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Revised: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The effect of hydrogen-rich water (HRW) on prolonging the shelf life of kiwifruit and possible underlying mechanisms were assessed. Our results revealed that HRW (30%, 80%, and 100%) displayed different effects in inhibiting the rot of kiwifruit. Among these treatments, 80% HRW had the most significant effect by decreasing the rot incidence and preserving the firmness of kiwifruit. This conclusion was supported by the fact that 80% HRW treatment could effectively alleviate pectin solubilization and reduce the activities of cell wall-degrading enzymes. On the other hand, HRW treatment was able to reduce the respiration intensity, increase the activity of superoxide dismutase, decrease lipid peroxidation level, and maintain the radical (DPPH,O2(-),andOH)-scavenging activity of kiwifruit. Moreover, the inner membrane of mitochondria exhibited higher integrity. Thus, our results demonstrate that HRW treatment could delay fruit ripening and senescence during storage by regulating the antioxidant defence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huali Hu
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Pengxia Li
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Yuning Wang
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Rongxin Gu
- Institute of Agricultural Products Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu, PR China
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Hydrogen sulfide, the next potent preventive and therapeutic agent in aging and age-associated diseases. Mol Cell Biol 2013; 33:1104-13. [PMID: 23297346 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01215-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) is the third endogenous signaling gasotransmitter, following nitric oxide and carbon monoxide. It is physiologically generated by cystathionine-γ-lyase, cystathionine-β-synthase, and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase. H(2)S has been gaining increasing attention as an important endogenous signaling molecule because of its significant effects on the cardiovascular and nervous systems. Substantial evidence shows that H(2)S is involved in aging by inhibiting free-radical reactions, activating SIRT1, and probably interacting with the age-related gene Klotho. Moreover, H(2)S has been shown to have therapeutic potential in age-associated diseases. This article provides an overview of the physiological functions and effects of H(2)S in aging and age-associated diseases, and proposes the potential health and therapeutic benefits of H(2)S.
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Aminzadeh MA, Vaziri ND. Downregulation of the renal and hepatic hydrogen sulfide (H2S)-producing enzymes and capacity in chronic kidney disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2011; 27:498-504. [PMID: 22036943 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfr560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress and inflammation are constant features and major mediators of progression and cardiovascular complications of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) is an endogenous signaling gas, which possesses potent anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-hypertensive and other regulatory functions. H(2)S is produced by cystathionine β-synthase (CBS), cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulphurtransferase (MST). Plasma H(2)S is reduced in humans with hypertension, atherosclerosis and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Atherosclerosis, hypertension and ischemia/reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury are associated with and, in part, mediated by diminished tissue H(2)S in experimental animals. Expression of the H(2)S-producing enzymes is reduced in the circulating leukocytes of patients with ESRD. However, the effect of CKD on expression of H(2)S-producing enzymes in the diseased kidney and other tissues is unknown and was studied here. METHODS Subgroups of rats were subjected to 5/6 nephrectomy or sham operation and observed for 6-12 weeks. Expression of H(2)S-producing enzymes and H(2)S-producing capacity was measured in kidney, liver and brain tissues. RESULTS The CKD group exhibited oxidative stress and significant reduction of plasma H(2)S concentration. This was associated with marked reduction of H(2)S-producing capacity of the kidney and liver, marked downregulation of CBS, CSE and MST in the kidney and of CBS and CSE expression in the liver. However, expression of H(2)S-producing enzymes in the brain was not significantly altered in CKD rats. CONCLUSIONS CKD is associated with significant reduction in plasma H(2)S concentration, diminished remnant kidney and liver tissue H(2)S-producing capacity and downregulation of the H(2)S-producing enzymes. Given the potent anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective properties of H(2)S, its deficiency may contribute to progression of CKD and the associated complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A Aminzadeh
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
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