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Kobayashi Y, Ito Y, Taniguchi K, Harada K, Yamamura M, Sato T, Takahashi K, Kawame H, Hata K, Samura O, Okamoto A. Novel missense COL2A1 variant in a fetus with achondrogenesis type II. Hum Genome Var 2022; 9:40. [PMID: 36376277 PMCID: PMC9663423 DOI: 10.1038/s41439-022-00218-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Achondrogenesis type II (ACG2) is a lethal skeletal disorder caused by pathogenic variants in COL2A1. We present a fetus with cystic hygroma and severe shortening of the limbs at 14 weeks of gestation. We performed postnatal genetic analysis of the parents and fetus to diagnose the disease. A novel missense variant of COL2A1 [NM_001844.5: c.2987G>A, (p. Gly996Asp)] was identified, which led to the ACG2 diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukari Kobayashi
- grid.411898.d0000 0001 0661 2073Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato Ku, Tokyo Japan
| | - Yuki Ito
- grid.411898.d0000 0001 0661 2073Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato Ku, Tokyo Japan
| | - Kosuke Taniguchi
- grid.63906.3a0000 0004 0377 2305Department of Maternal-Fetal Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya ku, Tokyo Japan
| | - Kana Harada
- grid.411898.d0000 0001 0661 2073Department of Clinical Genetics, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato Ku, Tokyo Japan
| | - Michihiro Yamamura
- grid.63906.3a0000 0004 0377 2305Department of Maternal-Fetal Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya ku, Tokyo Japan
| | - Taisuke Sato
- grid.411898.d0000 0001 0661 2073Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato Ku, Tokyo Japan
| | - Ken Takahashi
- grid.411898.d0000 0001 0661 2073Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato Ku, Tokyo Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kawame
- grid.411898.d0000 0001 0661 2073Department of Clinical Genetics, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato Ku, Tokyo Japan
| | - Kenichiro Hata
- grid.63906.3a0000 0004 0377 2305Department of Maternal-Fetal Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya ku, Tokyo Japan
| | - Osamu Samura
- grid.411898.d0000 0001 0661 2073Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato Ku, Tokyo Japan
| | - Aikou Okamoto
- grid.411898.d0000 0001 0661 2073Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato Ku, Tokyo Japan
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Macedo MP, Werner H, Araujo Júnior E. Fetal skeletal dysplasias: a new way to look at them. Radiol Bras 2020; 53:112-113. [PMID: 32336826 PMCID: PMC7170586 DOI: 10.1590/0100-3984.2018.0140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Pereira Macedo
- Unit of Experimental Biology - Department of Biomedicine Center for Medical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Heron Werner
- Department of Radiology, Clínica de Diagnóstico por Imagem (CDPI), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Edward Araujo Júnior
- Department of Obstetrics, Escola Paulista de Medicina da Universidade Federal de São Paulo (EPM-Unifesp), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Medical Course, Universidade Municipal de São Caetano do Sul (USCS), Campus Bela Vista, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Ossification center of the humeral shaft in the human fetus: a CT, digital, and statistical study. Surg Radiol Anat 2017; 39:1107-1116. [PMID: 28357556 PMCID: PMC5610672 DOI: 10.1007/s00276-017-1849-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The knowledge of the development of the humeral shaft ossification center may be useful both in determining the fetal stage and maturity and for detecting congenital disorders, as well. This study was performed to quantitatively examine the humeral shaft ossification center with respect to its linear, planar, and volumetric parameters. Materials and method Using methods of CT, digital image analysis, and statistics, the size of the humeral shaft ossification center in 48 spontaneously aborted human fetuses aged 17–30 weeks was studied. Results With no sex differences, the best-fit growth dynamics for the humeral shaft ossification center was modeled by the following functions: y = −78.568 + 34.114 × ln (age) ± 2.160 for its length, y = −12.733 + 5.654 × ln(age) ± 0.515 for its proximal transverse diameter, y = −4.750 + 2.609 × ln (age) ± 0.294 for its middle transverse diameter, y = −10.037 + 4.648 × ln (age) ± 0.560 for its distal transverse diameter, y = −146.601 + 11.237 × age ± 19.907 for its projection surface area, and y = 121.159 + 0.001 × (age)4 ± 102.944 for its volume. Conclusions With no sex differences, the ossification center of the humeral shaft grows logarithmically with respect to its length and transverse diameters, linearly with respect to its projection surface area, and fourth-degree polynomially with respect to its volume. The obtained morphometric data of the humeral shaft ossification center are considered normative for respective prenatal weeks and may be of relevance in both the estimation of fetal ages and the ultrasonic diagnostics of congenital defects.
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El Mhabrech H, Zrig A, Mazhoud I, Njim L, Hajjeji A, Faleh R, Hafsa C. [Lethal osteogenesis imperfecta: antenatal diagnosis]. Pan Afr Med J 2017; 25:88. [PMID: 28292051 PMCID: PMC5324159 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2016.25.88.5871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
L'ostéogenèse imparfaite (OI) est un groupe hétérogène de maladies affectant le collagène de type I et caractérisées par une fragilité osseuse. Les formes létales sont rares et se caractérisent par une micromélie avec déformation des membres. Un diagnostic anténatal d'OI létale a été fait dans deux cas, par échographie à 17 et à 25 semaines d'aménorrhée, complélées par un scanner du squelette fœtal dans un cas. Une interruption thérapeutique de grossesse a été indiquée dans les deux cas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houda El Mhabrech
- Service d'Imagerie Médicale B, Centre de Maternité et de Néonatologie de Monastir, Université de Monastir, CHU Fattouma Bourguiba Monastir, Tunisie
| | - Ahmed Zrig
- Service d'Imagerie Médicale A, Université de Monastir, CHU Fattouma Bourguiba Monastir, Tunisie
| | - Ines Mazhoud
- Service d'Imagerie Médicale B, Centre de Maternité et de Néonatologie de Monastir, Université de Monastir, CHU Fattouma Bourguiba Monastir, Tunisie
| | - Leila Njim
- Service d'Anatomopathologie, Université de Monastir- CHU Fattouma Bourguiba Monastir, Tunisie
| | - Aouatef Hajjeji
- Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique, Centre de Maternité et de Néonatologie de Monastir, Université de Monastir, CHU Fattouma Bourguiba, Monastir, Tunisie
| | - Raja Faleh
- Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique, Centre de Maternité et de Néonatologie de Monastir, Université de Monastir, CHU Fattouma Bourguiba, Monastir, Tunisie
| | - Ch Hafsa
- Service d'Imagerie Médicale B, Centre de Maternité et de Néonatologie de Monastir, Université de Monastir, CHU Fattouma Bourguiba Monastir, Tunisie
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Egloff A, Bulas D. Magnetic Resonance Imaging Evaluation of Fetal Neural Tube Defects. Semin Ultrasound CT MR 2015; 36:487-500. [DOI: 10.1053/j.sult.2015.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Ayadi ID, Hamida EB, Rebeh RB, Chaouachi S, Marrakchi Z. Perinatal lethal type II osteogenesis imperfecta: a case report. Pan Afr Med J 2015; 21:11. [PMID: 26401205 PMCID: PMC4561136 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2015.21.11.6834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a new case of osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) type II which is a perinatal lethal form. First trimester ultrasound didn't identified abnormalities. Second trimester ultrasound showed incurved limbs, narrow chest, with hypomineralization and multiple fractures of ribs and long bones. Parents refused pregnancy termination; they felt that the diagnosis was late. At birth, the newborn presented immediate respiratory distress. Postnatal examination and bone radiography confirmed the diagnosis of OI type IIA. Death occurred on day 25 of life related to respiratory failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imene Dahmane Ayadi
- Department of Neonatology, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis-El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Emira Ben Hamida
- Department of Neonatology, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis-El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Rania Ben Rebeh
- Department of Neonatology, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis-El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Sihem Chaouachi
- Department of Neonatology, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis-El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Zahra Marrakchi
- Department of Neonatology, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis-El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
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Szpinda M, Baumgart M, Szpinda A, Woźniak A, Mila-Kierzenkowska C. Cross-sectional study of C1-S5 vertebral bodies in human fetuses. Arch Med Sci 2015; 11:174-89. [PMID: 25861306 PMCID: PMC4379359 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2013.37086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Revised: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Knowledge on the normative spinal growth is relevant in the prenatal detection of its abnormalities. The present study determines the height, transverse and sagittal diameters, cross sectional area, and volume of individual C1-S5 vertebral bodies. MATERIAL AND METHODS Using the methods of computed tomography (CT), digital image analysis, and statistics, the size of C1-S5 vertebral bodies in 55 spontaneously aborted human fetuses aged 17-30 weeks was examined. RESULTS All the 5 examined parameters changed significantly with gestational age (p < 0.01). The mean height of vertebral bodies revealed an increase from the atlas (2.39 ±0.54 mm) to L2 (4.62 ±0.97 mm), stabilized through L3-L4 (4.58 ±0.92 mm, 4.61 ±0.84 mm), and then was decreasing to S5 (0.43 ±1.06 mm). The mean transverse diameter of vertebral bodies was increasing from the atlas (1.20 ±1.96 mm) to L1 (6.24 ±1.46 mm), so as to stabilize through L2-L3 (6.12 ±1.65, 6.12 ±1.61 mm), and finally was decreasing to S5 (0.26 ±0.96 mm). There was an increase in sagittal diameter of vertebral bodies from the atlas (0.82 ±1.34 mm) to T7 (4.76 ±0.85 mm), its stabilization for T8-L4 (4.73 ±0.86 mm, 4.71 ±1.02 mm), and then a decrease in values to S5 (0.21 ±0.75 mm) was observed. The values for cross-sectional area of vertebral bodies were increasing from the atlas (2.95 ±5.25 mm(2)) to L3 (24.92 ±11.07 mm(2)), and then started decreasing to S5 (0.48 ±2.09 mm(2)). The volumetric growth of vertebral bodies was increasing from the atlas (8.60 ±16.40 mm(3)) to L3 (122.16 ±74.73 mm(3)), and then was decreasing to S5 (1.60 ±7.00 mm(3)). CONCLUSIONS There is a sharp increase in size of fetal vertebral bodies between the atlas and the axis, and a sharp decrease in size within the sacral spine. In human fetuses the vertebral body growth is characterized by maximum values in sagittal diameter for T7, in transverse diameter for L1, in height for L2, and in both cross-sectional area and volume for L3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Szpinda
- Department of Normal Anatomy, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Mariusz Baumgart
- Department of Normal Anatomy, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Anna Szpinda
- Department of Normal Anatomy, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Alina Woźniak
- Department of Medical Biology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Celestyna Mila-Kierzenkowska
- Department of Medical Biology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Radiation dose reduction at MDCT with iterative reconstruction for prenatal diagnosis of skeletal dysplasia: preliminary study using normal fetal specimens. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2015; 203:1249-56. [PMID: 25415702 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.13.11578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate to what degree the radiation dose can be reduced without affecting the ability to evaluate normal fetal bones at MDCT with iterative reconstruction. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifteen normal fetal specimens immersed in containers (30- and 35-cm diameter) were scanned with a 64-MDCT scanner, with tube voltage of 100 kVp and tube current of 600, 300, 150, 100, and 50 mA. Images were subjected to adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction (ASIR). The fetal dose was measured using glass dosimeters. We calculated the relative ratio of the dose at 600 mA. Image quality was evaluated on maximum-intensity-projection and volume-rendering images. Two radiologists recorded the visualization scores of five regions. Images at 600 mA were considered to be standard. RESULTS With the 30-cm-diameter container, the fetal dose was 10.15 mGy (relative ratio, 100%) at a tube current of 600, 51% at 300, 25% at 150, 17% at 100, and 9% at 50 mA. With the 35-cm-diameter container the fetal dose was 10.01 mGy (relative ratio, 100%) at 600, 47% at 300, 24% at 150, 17% at 100, and 8% at 50 mA. Visual evaluation showed that in both containers, with ASIR 90%, there was a statistically significant difference between 50-and 600-mA images (p<0.01) but not between 600-mA images and those acquired at 100, 150, and 300 mA (p=0.08-1.00). CONCLUSION The fetal radiation dose for the evaluation of normal fetal bones can be reduced by 83% with ASIR 90%.
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Robinson AJ, Blaser S, Vladimirov A, Drossman D, Chitayat D, Ryan G. Foetal "black bone" MRI: utility in assessment of the foetal spine. Br J Radiol 2014; 88:20140496. [PMID: 25496509 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20140496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Foetal CT has recently been added to the foetal imaging armamentarium, but this carries with it the risks of ionizing radiation, both to the mother and the foetus. Foetal "black bone" MRI is a new technique that allows assessment of the foetal skeleton without the risk of exposure to ionizing radiation and is a potential new sequence in foetal MRI examination. METHODS Retrospective review of all foetal MRI studies over the past 4- to 5-year period identified 36 cases where susceptibility weighted imaging was used. Cases were selected from this group to demonstrate the potential utility of this sequence. RESULTS This sequence is most frequently useful not only in the assessment of spinal abnormalities, most commonly the bony abnormalities in myelomeningocele, but also in cases of scoliosis, segmentation anomalies and sacrococcygeal teratoma. CONCLUSION Although the utility of this sequence is still being evaluated, it provides excellent contrast between the mineralized skeleton and surrounding soft tissues compared with standard half Fourier acquisition single-shot turbo-spin echo sequences. Further assessment is required to determine whether black bone MRI can more accurately evaluate the level of bony defect in spina bifida aperta, an important prognostic factor. Potential further uses include the assessment of skeletal dysplasias, evaluation of the skull base and craniofacial skeleton in certain congenital anomalies and the post-mortem evaluation of the foetal skeleton potentially obviating the need for necropsy. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE Foetal black bone MRI can be performed using susceptibility weighted imaging and allows better demonstration of the mineralized skeleton compared with standard sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Robinson
- 1 Department of Radiology, Sidra Medical and Research Center, Doha, Qatar
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Rare sonographic finding of osteogenesis imperfecta type 2: fluid retention in the subarachnoid space. J Med Ultrason (2001) 2013; 40:459-61. [DOI: 10.1007/s10396-013-0436-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2012] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Salomon LJ, Bernard JP, Millischer AE, Sonigo P, Brunelle F, Boddaert N, Ville Y. MRI and ultrasound fusion imaging for prenatal diagnosis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2013; 209:148.e1-9. [PMID: 23685001 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2013.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Revised: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A combination of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images with real time high-resolution ultrasound known as fusion imaging may improve prenatal examination. This study was undertaken to evaluate the feasibility of using fusion of MRI and ultrasound (US) in prenatal imaging. STUDY DESIGN This study was conducted in a tertiary referral center. All patients referred for prenatal MRI were offered to undergo fusion of MRI and US examination. All cases underwent 1.5 Tesla MRI protocol including at least 3 T2-weighted planes. The Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine volume dataset was then loaded into the US system for manual registration of the live US image and fusion imaging examination. RESULTS Over the study period, 24 patients underwent fusion imaging at a median gestational age of 31 (range, 24-35) weeks. Data registration, matching and then volume navigation was feasible in all cases. Fusion imaging allowed superimposing MRI and US images therefore providing with real time imaging capabilities and high tissue contrast. It also allowed adding a real time Doppler signal on MRI images. Significant fetal movement required repeat-registration in 15 (60%) cases. The average duration of the overall additional scan with fusion imaging was 10 ± 5 minutes. CONCLUSION The combination of fetal real time MRI and US image fusion and navigation is feasible. Multimodality fusion imaging may enable easier and more extensive prenatal diagnosis.
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Szpinda M, Baumgart M, Szpinda A, Woźniak A, Mila-Kierzenkowska C. New patterns of the growing L3 vertebra and its 3 ossification centers in human fetuses - a CT, digital, and statistical study. Med Sci Monit Basic Res 2013; 19:169-80. [PMID: 23778313 PMCID: PMC3692385 DOI: 10.12659/msmbr.883956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study describes reference data for L3 vertebra and its 3 ossification centers at varying gestational ages. Material/Methods Using CT, digital-image analysis and statistics, the growth of L3 vertebra and its 3 ossification centers in 55 spontaneously aborted human fetuses aged 17–30 weeks was examined. Results Neither sex nor right-left significant differences were found. The height and transverse and sagittal diameters of the L3 vertebral body increased logarithmically. Its cross-sectional area followed linearly, whereas its volume increased parabolically. The transverse and sagittal diameters of the ossification center of the L3 vertebral body varied logarithmically, but its cross-sectional area and volume grew linearly. The ossification center-to-vertebral body volume ratio gradually declined with age. The neural ossification centers increased logarithmically in length and width, and proportionately in cross-sectional area and volume. Conclusions With no sex differences, the growth dynamics of the L3 vertebral body follow logarithmically in height, sagittal and transverse diameters, linearly (in cross-sectional area), and parabolically (in volume). The growth dynamics of the 3 ossification centers of the L3 vertebra follow logarithmically in transverse and sagittal diameters, and linearly (in cross-sectional area and volume). The age-specific reference intervals of the L3 vertebra and its 3 ossification centers present the normative values of clinical importance in the diagnosis of congenital spinal defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Szpinda
- Department of Normal Anatomy, The Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
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Szpinda M, Baumgart M, Szpinda A, Woźniak A, Mila-Kierzenkowska C, Dombek M, Kosiński A, Grzybiak M. Morphometric study of the T6 vertebra and its three ossification centers in the human fetus. Surg Radiol Anat 2013; 35:901-16. [PMID: 23543237 PMCID: PMC3835927 DOI: 10.1007/s00276-013-1107-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Knowledge on the normative growth of the spine is critical in the prenatal detection of its abnormalities. We aimed to study the size of T6 vertebra in human fetuses with the crown-rump length of 115–265 mm. Materials and methods Using the methods of computed tomography (Biograph mCT), digital image analysis (Osirix 3.9) and statistics, the normative growth of the T6 vertebral body and the three ossification centers of T6 vertebra in 55 spontaneously aborted human fetuses (27 males, 28 females) aged 17–30 weeks were studied. Results Neither male–female nor right–left significant differences were found. The height, transverse, and sagittal diameters of the T6 vertebral body followed natural logarithmic functions as y = −4.972 + 2.732 × ln(age) ± 0.253 (R2 = 0.72), y = −14.862 + 6.426 × ln(age) ± 0.456 (R2 = 0.82), and y = −10.990 + 4.982 × ln(age) ± 0.278 (R2 = 0.89), respectively. Its cross-sectional area (CSA) rose proportionately as y = −19.909 + 1.664 × age ± 2.033 (R2 = 0.89), whereas its volumetric growth followed the four-degree polynomial function y = 19.158 + 0.0002 × age4 ± 7.942 (R2 = 0.93). The T6 body ossification center grew logarithmically in both transverse and sagittal diameters as y = −14.784 + 6.115 × ln(age) ± 0.458 (R2 = 0.81) and y = −12.065 + 5.019 × ln(age) ± 0.315 (R2 = 0.87), and proportionately in both CSA and volume like y = −15.591 + 1.200 × age ± 1.470 (R2 = 0.90) and y = −22.120 + 1.663 × age ± 1.869 (R2 = 0.91), respectively. The ossification center-to-vertebral body volume ratio was gradually decreasing with age. On the right and left, the neural ossification centers revealed the following models: y = −15.188 + 6.332 × ln(age) ± 0.629 (R2 = 0.72) and y = −15.991 + 6.600 × ln(age) ± 0.629 (R2 = 0.74) for length, y = −6.716 + 2.814 × ln(age) ± 0.362 (R2 = 0.61) and y = −7.058 + 2.976 × ln(age) ± 0.323 (R2 = 0.67) for width, y = −5.665 + 0.591 × age ± 1.251 (R2 = 0.86) and y = −11.281 + 0.853 × age ± 1.653 (R2 = 0.78) for CSA, and y = −9.279 + 0.849 × age ± 2.302 (R2 = 0.65) and y = −16.117 + 1.155 × age ± 1.832 (R2 = 0.84) for volume, respectively. Conclusions Neither sex nor laterality differences are found in the morphometric parameters of evolving T6 vertebra and its three ossification centers. The growth dynamics of the T6 vertebral body follow logarithmically for its height, and both sagittal and transverse diameters, linearly for its CSA, and four-degree polynomially for its volume. The three ossification centers of T6 vertebra increase logarithmically in both transverse and sagittal diameters, and linearly in both CSA and volume. The age-specific reference intervals for evolving T6 vertebra present the normative values of potential relevance in the diagnosis of congenital spinal defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Szpinda
- Department of Normal Anatomy, The Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, The Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Karłowicza 24 Street, 85-092, Bydgoszcz, Poland,
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Cross-sectional study of the neural ossification centers of vertebrae C1-S5 in the human fetus. Surg Radiol Anat 2013; 35:701-11. [PMID: 23455365 PMCID: PMC3784062 DOI: 10.1007/s00276-013-1093-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose An understanding of the normal evolution of the spine is of great relevance in the prenatal detection of spinal abnormalities. This study was carried out to estimate the length, width, cross-sectional area and volume of the neural ossification centers of vertebrae C1–S5 in the human fetus. Materials and methods Using the methods of CT (Biograph mCT), digital-image analysis (Osirix 3.9) and statistics (the one-way ANOVA test for paired data, the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, Levene’s test, Student’s t test, the one-way ANOVA test for unpaired data with post hoc RIR Tukey comparisons) the size for the neural ossification centers throughout the spine in 55 spontaneously aborted human fetuses (27 males, 28 females) at ages of 17–30 weeks was studied. Results The neural ossification centers were visualized in the whole pre-sacral spine, in 74.5 % for S1, in 61.8 % for S2, in 52.7 % for S3, and in 12.7 % for S4. Neither male–female nor right–left significant differences in the size of neural ossification centers were found. The neural ossification centers were the longest within the cervical spine. The maximum values referred to the axis on the right, and to C5 vertebra on the left. There was a gradual decrease in length for the neural ossification centers of T1–S4 vertebrae. The neural ossification centers were the widest within the proximal thoracic spine and narrowed bi-directionally. The growth dynamics for CSA of neural ossification centers were found to parallel that of volume. The largest CSAs and volumes of neural ossification centers were found in the C3 vertebra, and decreased in the distal direction. Conclusions The neural ossification centers show neither male–female nor right–left differences. The neural ossification centers are characterized by the maximum length for C2–C6 vertebrae, the maximum width for the proximal thoracic spine, and both the maximum cross-sectional area and volume for C3 vertebra. There is a sharp decrease in size of the neural ossification centers along the sacral spine. A decreasing sequence of values for neural ossification centers along the spine from cervical to sacral appears to parallel the same direction of the timing of ossification. The quantitative growth of the neural ossification centers is of potential relevance in the prenatal diagnosis and monitoring of achondrogenesis, caudal regression syndrome, diastematomyelia and spina bifida.
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Akizawa Y, Nishimura G, Hasegawa T, Takagi M, Kawamichi Y, Matsuda Y, Matsui H, Saito K. Prenatal diagnosis of osteogenesis imperfecta type II by three-dimensional computed tomography: the current state of fetal computed tomography. Congenit Anom (Kyoto) 2012. [PMID: 23181495 DOI: 10.1111/j.1741-4520.2011.00346.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report a case of osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) (OMIM166210) type II, in which a prenatal diagnosis was made by three-dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT). Subsequent molecular analysis revealed a recurrent, heterozygous mutation in COL1A2. Fetal CT is a powerful tool for visualizing the fetal skeleton and can provide a definitive diagnosis of fetal skeletal dysplasias; however, whether or not its employment for prenatal diagnosis is warranted in terms of fetal radiation risks remains controversial, both medically and ethically. Based on our experience, we review the current state of fetal CT for the diagnosis of skeletal dysplasias, with a discussion of the relevant literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshika Akizawa
- Institute of Medical Genetics Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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Szpinda M, Baumgart M, Szpinda A, Woźniak A, Małkowski B, Wiśniewski M, Mila-Kierzenkowska C, Króliczewski D. Cross-sectional study of the ossification center of the C1-S5 vertebral bodies. Surg Radiol Anat 2012. [PMID: 23192240 PMCID: PMC3689470 DOI: 10.1007/s00276-012-1045-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Knowledge on the normative growth of the spine is relevant in the prenatal detection of its abnormalities. This study describes the size of the ossification center of C1–S5 vertebral bodies. Materials and methods Using CT, digital-image analysis, and statistics, the size of the ossification center of C1–S5 vertebral bodies in 55 spontaneously aborted human fetuses aged 17–30 weeks was examined. Results No sex significant differences were found. The body ossification centers were found within the entire presacral spine and in 85.5 % of S1, in 76.4 % of S2, in 67.3 % of S3, in 40.0 % of S4, and in 14.5 % of S5. All the values for the atlas were sharply smaller than for the axis. The mean transverse diameter of the body ossification center gradually increased from the axis to T12 vertebra, so as to stabilize through L1–L3 vertebrae, and finally was intensively decreasing to S5 vertebra. There was a gradual increase in sagittal diameter of the body ossification center from the axis to T5 vertebra and its stabilization for T6–T9 vertebrae. Afterward, an alternate progression was observed: a decrease in values for T10–T12 vertebrae, an increase in values for L1–L2 vertebrae, and finally a decrease in values for L3–S5 vertebrae. The values of cross-sectional area of ossification centers were gradually increasing from the axis to L2 vertebra and then started decreasing to S5 vertebra. The following cross-sectional areas were approximately equivalent to each other: for L5 and T3–T5, and for S4 and C1. The volumetric growth of the body ossification center gradually increased from the axis to L3 vertebra and then sharply decreased from L4 to S5. Conclusions No male–female differences are found in the size of the body ossification centers of the spine. The growth dynamics for morphometric parameters of the body ossification centers of the spine follow similarly with gestational age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Szpinda
- Department of Normal Anatomy, The Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, The Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Karłowicza 24 Street, 85-092, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
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Baumgart M, Szpinda M, Szpinda A. New anatomical data on the growing C4 vertebra and its three ossification centers in human fetuses. Surg Radiol Anat 2012; 35:191-203. [PMID: 22986651 PMCID: PMC3604597 DOI: 10.1007/s00276-012-1022-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Detailed knowledge on the normative growth of the spine is of great relevance in the prenatal diagnosis of its abnormalities. The present study was conducted to compile age-specific reference data for vertebra C4 and its three ossification centers in human fetuses. MATERIALS AND METHODS With the use of CT (Biograph mCT), digital image analysis (Osirix 3.9) and statistical analysis (Wilcoxon signed-rank test, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Levene's test, Student's t test, one-way ANOVA, post hoc RIR Tukey test, linear and nonlinear regression analysis), the normative growth of vertebra C4 and its three ossification centers in 55 spontaneously aborted human fetuses (27 males, 28 females) aged 17-30 weeks was examined. RESULTS Significant differences in neither sex nor laterality were found. The height and transverse and sagittal diameters of the C4 vertebral body increased logarithmically as: y = -3.866 + 2.225 × ln(Age) ± 0.238 (R(2) = 0.69), y = -7.077 + 3.547 × ln(Age) ± 0.356 (R(2) = 0.72) and y = -3.886 + 2.272 × ln(Age) ± 0.222 (R(2) = 0.73), respectively. The C4 vertebral body grew linearly in cross-sectional area as y = -7.205 + 0.812 × Age ± 1.668 (R(2) = 0.76) and four-degree polynomially in volume as y = 14.108 + 0.00007 × Age(4) ± 6.289 (R(2) = 0.83). The transverse and sagittal diameters, cross-sectional area and volume of the ossification center of the C4 vertebral body generated the following functions: y = -8.836 + 3.708 × ln(Age) ± 0.334 (R(2) = 0.76), y = -7.748 + 3.240 × ln(Age) ± 0.237 (R(2) = 0.83), y = -4.690 + 0.437 × Age ± 1.172 (R(2) = 0.63) and y = -5.917 + 0.582 × Age ± 1.157 (R(2) = 0.77), respectively. The ossification center-to-vertebral body volume ratio gradually declined with age. On the right and left, the neural ossification centers showed the following growth: y = -19.601 + 8.018 × ln(Age) ± 0.369 (R(2) = 0.92) and y = -15.804 + 6.912 × ln(Age) ± 0.471 (R (2) = 0.85) for length, y = -5.806 + 2.587 × ln(Age) ± 0.146 (R(2) = 0.88) and y = -5.621 + 2.519 × ln(Age) ± 0.146 (R(2) = 0.88) for width, y = -9.188 + 0.856 × Age ± 2.174 (R(2) = 0.67) and y = -7.570 + 0.768 × Age ± 2.200 (R(2) = 0.60) for cross-sectional area, and y = -13.802 + 1.222 × Age ± 1.872 (R(2) = 0.84) and y = -11.038 + 1.061 × Age ± 1.964 (R(2) = 0.80) for volume, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The morphometric parameters of vertebra C4 and its three ossification centers show no sex differences. The C4 vertebral body increases logarithmically in height and both sagittal and transverse diameters, linearly in cross-sectional area, and four-degree polynomially in volume. The three ossification centers of vertebra C4 grow logarithmically in both transverse and sagittal diameters, and linearly in both cross-sectional area and volume. The age-specific reference intervals for evolving vertebra C4 may be useful in the prenatal diagnosis of congenital spinal defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Baumgart
- Department of Normal Anatomy, The Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, The Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Karłowicza 24 Street, 85-092, Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Nemec SF, Nemec U, Brugger PC, Bettelheim D, Rotmensch S, Graham JM, Rimoin DL, Prayer D. MR imaging of the fetal musculoskeletal system. Prenat Diagn 2012; 32:205-13. [DOI: 10.1002/pd.2914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Franz Nemec
- Medical University Vienna; Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology and Musculoskeletal Radiology; Waehringer Guertel 18-20 Vienna A-1090 Austria
- Cedars Sinai Medical Center; Medical Genetics Institute, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, PACT Suite 400; 8700 Beverly Boulevard, PACT Suite 400 Los Angeles CA, 90048 90048 USA
| | - Ursula Nemec
- Medical University Vienna; Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology and Musculoskeletal Radiology; Waehringer Guertel 18-20 Vienna A-1090 Austria
| | - Peter C. Brugger
- Medical University Vienna; Center of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Integrative Morphology Group; Vienna Austria
| | - Dieter Bettelheim
- Medical University Vienna; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Division of Prenatal Diagnosis and Therapy; Vienna Austria
| | - Siegfried Rotmensch
- Cedars Sinai Medical Center; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine; Los Angeles CA USA
| | - John M. Graham
- Cedars Sinai Medical Center; Medical Genetics Institute, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, PACT Suite 400; 8700 Beverly Boulevard, PACT Suite 400 Los Angeles CA, 90048 90048 USA
| | - David L. Rimoin
- Cedars Sinai Medical Center; Medical Genetics Institute, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, PACT Suite 400; 8700 Beverly Boulevard, PACT Suite 400 Los Angeles CA, 90048 90048 USA
| | - Daniela Prayer
- Medical University Vienna; Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology and Musculoskeletal Radiology; Waehringer Guertel 18-20 Vienna A-1090 Austria
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Tsutsumi S, Maekawa A, Obata M, Morgan T, Robertson SP, Kurachi H. A case of boomerang dysplasia with a novel causative mutation in filamin B: identification of typical imaging findings on ultrasonography and 3D-CT imaging. Fetal Diagn Ther 2012; 32:216-20. [PMID: 22354125 DOI: 10.1159/000335687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2011] [Accepted: 12/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Boomerang dysplasia is a rare lethal osteochondrodysplasia characterized by disorganized mineralization of the skeleton, leading to complete nonossification of some limb bones and vertebral elements, and a boomerang-like aspect to some of the long tubular bones. Like many short-limbed skeletal dysplasias with accompanying thoracic hypoplasia, the potential lethality of the phenotype can be difficult to ascertain prenatally. We report a case of boomerang dysplasia prenatally diagnosed by use of ultrasonography and 3D-CT imaging, and identified a novel mutation in the gene encoding the cytoskeletal protein filamin B (FLNB) postmortem. Findings that aided the radiological diagnosis of this condition in utero included absent ossification of two out of three long bones in each limb and elements of the vertebrae and a boomerang-like shape to the ulnae. The identified mutation is the third described for this disorder and is predicted to lead to amino acid substitution in the actin-binding domain of the filamin B molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Tsutsumi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan.
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