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Haliga RE, Sorodoc V, Morarasu BC, Coman AE, Ceasovschih A, Sirbu O, Lionte C, Bologa C, Stoica A, Constantin M, Puha G, Petris OR, Badescu MC, Crisu D, Catana AN, Haliga IB, Sorodoc L. Native and Prosthetic Simultaneously Double Valve Infective Endocarditis with Enterococcus faecalis-Case-Based Review. J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13020300. [PMID: 36836534 PMCID: PMC9964386 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13020300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Infective endocarditis is a severe infective heart disease, commonly involving native or prosthetic valves. It frequently presents with univalvular involvement and simultaneous double valve or multivalvular involvement is rarely described. The third leading cause of infective endocarditis worldwide is Enterococcus faecalis, which is associated with high mortality rates despite important advances in antimicrobial therapy. It develops secondary to enterococcal bacteremia, with its origin from the gastrointestinal or genitourinary tract and predominantly affecting the elderly population with multiple comorbidities. Clinical presentation is usually less typical, and the treatment is challenging. It can be marked by antibiotic resistance, side effects, and subsequent complications. Surgical treatment can be considered if deemed appropriate. To the best of our knowledge, we present the first case-based narrative review of Enterococcus faecalis double valve endocarditis involving both the aortic native and prosthetic mitral valve, highlighting the clinical characteristics, treatment, and complications of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raluca Ecaterina Haliga
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
- 2nd Internal Medicine Clinic, “St. Spiridon” Emergency Clinical County Hospital, 700111 Iași, Romania
| | - Victorita Sorodoc
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
- 2nd Internal Medicine Clinic, “St. Spiridon” Emergency Clinical County Hospital, 700111 Iași, Romania
| | - Bianca Codrina Morarasu
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
- Correspondence: (B.C.M.); (A.E.C.); (A.C.)
| | - Adorata Elena Coman
- Preventive Medicine and Interdisciplinary Team Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Correspondence: (B.C.M.); (A.E.C.); (A.C.)
| | - Alexandr Ceasovschih
- 2nd Internal Medicine Clinic, “St. Spiridon” Emergency Clinical County Hospital, 700111 Iași, Romania
- Correspondence: (B.C.M.); (A.E.C.); (A.C.)
| | - Oana Sirbu
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
| | - Catalina Lionte
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
- 2nd Internal Medicine Clinic, “St. Spiridon” Emergency Clinical County Hospital, 700111 Iași, Romania
| | - Cristina Bologa
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
- 2nd Internal Medicine Clinic, “St. Spiridon” Emergency Clinical County Hospital, 700111 Iași, Romania
| | - Alexandra Stoica
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
- 2nd Internal Medicine Clinic, “St. Spiridon” Emergency Clinical County Hospital, 700111 Iași, Romania
| | - Mihai Constantin
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
- 2nd Internal Medicine Clinic, “St. Spiridon” Emergency Clinical County Hospital, 700111 Iași, Romania
| | - Gabriela Puha
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
- 2nd Internal Medicine Clinic, “St. Spiridon” Emergency Clinical County Hospital, 700111 Iași, Romania
| | - Ovidiu Rusalim Petris
- 2nd Internal Medicine Clinic, “St. Spiridon” Emergency Clinical County Hospital, 700111 Iași, Romania
- Nursing Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Minerva Codruta Badescu
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
- 3rd Internal Medicine Clinic, “St. Spiridon” Emergency Clinical County Hospital, 700111 Iași, Romania
| | - Daniela Crisu
- Department of Cardiology, “St. Spiridon” Emergency Clinical County Hospital, 700111 Iași, Romania
| | - Andreea Nicoleta Catana
- Department of Infectious Diseases, “St. Spiridon” Emergency Clinical County Hospital, 700111 Iași, Romania
| | - Ioana Bianca Haliga
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
| | - Laurentiu Sorodoc
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
- 2nd Internal Medicine Clinic, “St. Spiridon” Emergency Clinical County Hospital, 700111 Iași, Romania
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Bundgaard H, Iversen KK. Improval of outcome in patients with endocarditis. EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL-ACUTE CARDIOVASCULAR CARE 2021; 10:367-368. [PMID: 33974692 DOI: 10.1093/ehjacc/zuab016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Henning Bundgaard
- Department of Cardiology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Borgmester Ib Juuls vej 1, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kasper K Iversen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Borgmester Ib Juuls vej 1, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review insights gained from a 21-year experience with gentamicin-induced vestibulotoxicity including differences in vestibulotoxicity between single daily dosing (SDD) and multiple daily dosing (MDD) regimens. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective case series. SETTING Tertiary care center. PATIENTS Patients with gentamicin vestibulotoxicity referred to the Hertz Multidisciplinary Neurotology Clinic between January 1993 and September 2014. INTERVENTION None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Spectrum of vestibular dysfunction measured using videonystagmography, vestibular evoked myogenic potentials, video head impulse testing, and magnetic scleral search coil testing. RESULTS Of 53 patients with gentamicin-induced vestibulotoxicity, 24 received SDD and 29 received MDD treatment. The most common indications for treatment were sepsis, endocarditis, and osteomyelitis. Angular acceleration receptor function (semicircular canals) was more commonly affected than linear acceleration receptor function (otolithic organ of the saccule; 100% vs. 62%). A significant proportion of patients (53%) developed vestibulotoxicity in the absence of nephrotoxicity and 40% experienced vestibulotoxicity in a delayed fashion up to 10 days posttreatment cessation (mean 3.9 ± 0.7). Therapeutic monitoring did not necessarily prevent delayed vestibulotoxicity. Nephrotoxicity was less common for SDD compared with MDD (60% vs. 35%, p = 0.01). However, the SDD group experienced vestibulotoxicity at a lower cumulative dose (6.3 vs. 7.0 g, p = 0.04) and shorter duration of therapy (20.7 vs 29.4 d, p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Our study further highlights important insights regarding gentamicin-induced vestibulotoxicity. While SDD is associated with decreased risk for nephrotoxicity compared with MDD, it confers a higher risk for vestibulotoxicity.
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Nakatani S, Ohara T, Ashihara K, Izumi C, Iwanaga S, Eishi K, Okita Y, Daimon M, Kimura T, Toyoda K, Nakase H, Nakano K, Higashi M, Mitsutake K, Murakami T, Yasukochi S, Okazaki S, Sakamoto H, Tanaka H, Nakagawa I, Nomura R, Fujiu K, Miura T, Morizane T. JCS 2017 Guideline on Prevention and Treatment of Infective Endocarditis. Circ J 2019; 83:1767-1809. [PMID: 31281136 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-19-0549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Nakatani
- Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Takahiro Ohara
- Division of Community Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University
| | - Kyomi Ashihara
- Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University
| | - Chisato Izumi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center
| | - Shiro Iwanaga
- Department of Cardiology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center
| | - Kiyoyuki Eishi
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Yutaka Okita
- Cardio-Aortic Center, Takatsuki General Hospital
| | - Masao Daimon
- Department of Clinical Laboratory/Cardiology, the University of Tokyo
| | - Toshimi Kimura
- Department of Pharmacy, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital
| | - Kazunori Toyoda
- Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center
| | | | - Kazuhiko Nakano
- Division of Oral Infection and Disease Control, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry
| | - Masahiro Higashi
- Department of Radiology, National Hospital Organization, Osaka National Hospital
| | - Kotaro Mitsutake
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center
| | | | | | - Shuhei Okazaki
- Department of Neurology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center
| | - Haruo Sakamoto
- Department of Oral and Maxicillofacial Surgery, Tokai University Hachioji Hospital
| | - Hiroshi Tanaka
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Kobe University
| | | | - Ryota Nomura
- Division of Oral Infection and Disease Control, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry
| | - Katsuhito Fujiu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the University of Tokyo
| | - Takashi Miura
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
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Evaluation of apramycin activity against methicillin-resistant, methicillin-sensitive, and vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2018; 92:168-171. [PMID: 29934071 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2018.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the in vitro activity of apramycin against clinical strains of vancomycin-intermediate and methicillin-resistant and -susceptible Staphylococcus aureus. Apramycin demonstrated an MIC50/MIC90 of 8/16 μg/mL. No strains had an MIC above the epidemiological cutoff value of 32 μg/mL, suggesting apramycin resistance mechanisms are rare in this strain population. The mounting evidence for broad-spectrum in vitro activity of apramycin against S. aureus and other bacterial species suggests that further exploration of apramycin or derivatives as repurposed human therapeutics is warranted.
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Syed MI, Leis JA, Ilan O, Gold WL, Pothier DD, Rutka JA. Vestibulotoxicity with systemic gentamicin in different dosing regimens: Our experience in 46 patients. Clin Otolaryngol 2017; 42:1091-1095. [PMID: 28296174 DOI: 10.1111/coa.12865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M I Syed
- Otolaryngology, The Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - J A Leis
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto & Centre for Quality Improvement and Patient Safety, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - O Ilan
- Otology/Neurotology, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - W L Gold
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - D D Pothier
- Otology/Neurotology, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - J A Rutka
- Otology/Neurotology, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Ab Rahman AF, Md Sahak N, Ali AM. Estimating drug-free period using a graphical method: an alternative way to monitor extended-interval dosing of gentamicin therapy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACY PRACTICE 2017; 25:75-80. [DOI: 10.1111/ijpp.12336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ab Fatah Ab Rahman
- Faculty of Health Sciences; Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin; Kuala Terengganu Terengganu Malaysia
| | | | - Ahmad Maujad Ali
- Department of Cardiology; Hospital Serdang; Kajang Selangor Malaysia
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Saleh P, Abbasalizadeh S, Rezaeian S, Naghavi-Behzad M, Piri R, Pourfeizi HH. Gentamicin-mediated ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity: A clinical trial study. Niger Med J 2016; 57:347-352. [PMID: 27942103 PMCID: PMC5126748 DOI: 10.4103/0300-1652.193861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Aminoglycosides and mainly gentamicin are the most important antimicrobial agents. Two different methods of administration exist: Single and multiple doses. There has always been a controversy about the less harmful administration method, to minimize adverse effects of gentamicin – deafness and renal insufficiency. In this study, it was aimed to compare two different methods of administration to figure out the least harmful treatment method. Materials and Methods: In a clinical study, eighty patients aged 12–55 years who were admitted with sepsis syndrome were included in the study; they were divided into two groups: The first group received single-dose treatment (5 mg/kg) whereas the second group was treated with multiple doses (1.7 mg/kg three times a day) of gentamicin. Results: The results show that blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (CR) levels were decreased in the first group. Both blood urea nitrogen and creatinine and also mean glomerular filtration rate was increased in the same group. In the second group, mean BUN and CR levels were increased while the GFR was decreased in the same group. There was also a gradual increase in GFR in the first group. GFR <80 was decreased from 20% to 5.1% in the first group while increased from 5% to 27.5% in the second group. Results of audiometric studies show 6.1% hearing problem in the first group and 12.8% in the second one. Conclusions: Results of the present study showed that nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity are minimized in single-dose administration compared to multiples doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parviz Saleh
- Chronic Kidney Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shamsi Abbasalizadeh
- Women's Reproductive Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saman Rezaeian
- Department of Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Naghavi-Behzad
- Medical Philosophy and History Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Piri
- Students' Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hojjat Hossein Pourfeizi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shohada Educational Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Lee J, Yoon S, Shin D, Han H, An H, Lee J, Lim KS, Yu KS, Lee H. Predictive performance of gentamicin dosing nomograms. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2014; 8:1097-106. [PMID: 25152616 PMCID: PMC4140707 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s66981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Several nomograms have been proposed to facilitate the determination of initial gentamicin dosing regimens in clinical settings. This study aimed to assess the predictive performance of these nomograms in Korean patients. Methods Gentamicin concentrations were determined in 84 patients with infective endocarditis (IE) and in 95 patients with other infections. All patients underwent therapeutic drug monitoring in Seoul National University Hospital from 2006 to 2012. Individual pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated using a Bayesian method, which predicted steady state peak and trough serum concentrations. Six nomograms were evaluated in patients with “other” infections: the Thomson guidelines, Hull-Sarubbi table, and Rule of Eights, for multiple daily dosing; and the Hartford nomogram, Barnes-Jewish Hospital nomogram, and Sanford Guide, for extended-interval dosing. In IE patients, synergistic combination dosing nomograms, based on the American Heart Association dosing interval guidelines, were evaluated. Results Gentamicin dosing nomograms performed poorly in attaining the target peak serum concentrations. Multiple-daily dosing nomograms predicted peak serum gentamicin concentrations better than did the extended-interval dosing nomograms (31.9%–72.3% vs 4.3%–45.7%, respectively). Similarly, in patients with IE, the once-daily dosing nomogram resulted in a significantly lower percentage of patients achieving target peak gentamicin concentrations than that associated with the thrice-daily dosing nomogram (P=0.0015). All of the multiple-daily dosing, extended-interval dosing, and synergistic combination dosing nomograms predicted the nontoxic target trough concentrations in >80% of patients. Conclusion Gentamicin dosing nomograms performed poorly in achieving the target peak serum concentrations. New gentamicin nomograms may be required in patients with IE, particularly for once-daily dosing. Therapeutic drug monitoring is highly recommended for gentamicin to ensure that the target concentrations are achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieon Lee
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seonghae Yoon
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Donghoon Shin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - HyeKyung Han
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyungmi An
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Korea ; Department of Statistics, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jongtae Lee
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung Soo Lim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, CHA University School of Medicine and CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Kyung-Sang Yu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Howard Lee
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Dahl A, Bruun NE. Enterococcus faecalisinfective endocarditis: focus on clinical aspects. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2014; 11:1247-57. [DOI: 10.1586/14779072.2013.832482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Dahl A, Rasmussen RV, Bundgaard H, Hassager C, Bruun LE, Lauridsen TK, Moser C, Sogaard P, Arpi M, Bruun NE. Enterococcus faecalis
Infective Endocarditis. Circulation 2013; 127:1810-7. [DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.112.001170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background—
Because of the nephrotoxic effects of aminoglycosides, the Danish guidelines on infective endocarditis were changed in January 2007, reducing gentamicin treatment in enterococcal infective endocarditis from 4 to 6 weeks to only 2 weeks. In this pilot study, we compare outcomes in patients with
Enterococcus faecalis
infective endocarditis treated in the years before and after endorsement of these new recommendations.
Methods and Results—
A total of 84 consecutive patients admitted with definite left-sided
E faecalis
endocarditis in the period of 2002 to 2011 were enrolled. Forty-one patients were treated before and 43 patients were treated after January 1, 2007. There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics. At hospitalization, the 2 groups had similar estimated glomerular filtration rates of 66 and 75 mL/min (
P
=0.22). Patients treated before January 2007 received gentamicin for a significantly longer period (28 versus 14 days;
P
<0.001). The primary outcome, 1-year event-free survival, did not differ: 66% versus 69%, respectively (
P
=0.75). At discharge, the patients treated before 2007 had a lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (45 versus 66 mL/min;
P
=0.008) and a significantly greater decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate (median, 11 versus 1 mL/min;
P
=0.009) compared with those treated after 2007.
Conclusions—
Our present pilot study suggests that the recommended 2-week treatment with gentamicin seems adequate and preferable in treating non–high-level aminoglycoside-resistant
E faecalis
infective endocarditis. The longer duration of gentamicin treatment is associated with worse renal function. Although the certainty of the clinical outcomes is limited by the sample size, outcomes appear to be no worse with the shorter treatment duration. Randomized, controlled studies are warranted to substantiate these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Dahl
- From the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Gentofte (A.D., R.V.R., L.E.B., T.K.L. P.S., N.E.B.); Departments of Cardiology (H.B., C.H.) and Clinical Microbiology (C.M.), University Hospital of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet; and Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Herlev (M.A.), Denmark
| | - Rasmus V. Rasmussen
- From the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Gentofte (A.D., R.V.R., L.E.B., T.K.L. P.S., N.E.B.); Departments of Cardiology (H.B., C.H.) and Clinical Microbiology (C.M.), University Hospital of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet; and Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Herlev (M.A.), Denmark
| | - Henning Bundgaard
- From the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Gentofte (A.D., R.V.R., L.E.B., T.K.L. P.S., N.E.B.); Departments of Cardiology (H.B., C.H.) and Clinical Microbiology (C.M.), University Hospital of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet; and Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Herlev (M.A.), Denmark
| | - Christian Hassager
- From the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Gentofte (A.D., R.V.R., L.E.B., T.K.L. P.S., N.E.B.); Departments of Cardiology (H.B., C.H.) and Clinical Microbiology (C.M.), University Hospital of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet; and Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Herlev (M.A.), Denmark
| | - Louise E. Bruun
- From the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Gentofte (A.D., R.V.R., L.E.B., T.K.L. P.S., N.E.B.); Departments of Cardiology (H.B., C.H.) and Clinical Microbiology (C.M.), University Hospital of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet; and Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Herlev (M.A.), Denmark
| | - Trine K. Lauridsen
- From the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Gentofte (A.D., R.V.R., L.E.B., T.K.L. P.S., N.E.B.); Departments of Cardiology (H.B., C.H.) and Clinical Microbiology (C.M.), University Hospital of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet; and Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Herlev (M.A.), Denmark
| | - Claus Moser
- From the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Gentofte (A.D., R.V.R., L.E.B., T.K.L. P.S., N.E.B.); Departments of Cardiology (H.B., C.H.) and Clinical Microbiology (C.M.), University Hospital of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet; and Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Herlev (M.A.), Denmark
| | - Peter Sogaard
- From the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Gentofte (A.D., R.V.R., L.E.B., T.K.L. P.S., N.E.B.); Departments of Cardiology (H.B., C.H.) and Clinical Microbiology (C.M.), University Hospital of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet; and Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Herlev (M.A.), Denmark
| | - Magnus Arpi
- From the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Gentofte (A.D., R.V.R., L.E.B., T.K.L. P.S., N.E.B.); Departments of Cardiology (H.B., C.H.) and Clinical Microbiology (C.M.), University Hospital of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet; and Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Herlev (M.A.), Denmark
| | - Niels E. Bruun
- From the Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Gentofte (A.D., R.V.R., L.E.B., T.K.L. P.S., N.E.B.); Departments of Cardiology (H.B., C.H.) and Clinical Microbiology (C.M.), University Hospital of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet; and Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Herlev (M.A.), Denmark
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Martí-Carvajal AJ, Conterno LO, Hidalgo R, Kwong JSW, Georgoulas P, Salanti G. Antibiotic therapy for treatment of infective endocarditis. THE COCHRANE DATABASE OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd009880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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