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Noninvasive Genetic Assessment Is an Effective Wildlife Research Tool When Compared with Other Approaches. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12111672. [PMID: 34828277 PMCID: PMC8625682 DOI: 10.3390/genes12111672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Wildlife research has been indispensable for increasing our insight into ecosystem functioning as well as for designing effective conservation measures under the currently high rates of biodiversity loss. Genetic and genomic analyses might be able to yield the same information on, e.g., population size, health, or diet composition as other wildlife research methods, and even provide additional data that would not be possible to obtain by alternative means. Moreover, if DNA is collected non-invasively, this technique has only minimal or no impact on animal welfare. Nevertheless, the implementation rate of noninvasive genetic assessment in wildlife studies has been rather low. This might be caused by the perceived inefficiency of DNA material obtained non-invasively in comparison with DNA obtained from blood or tissues, or poorer performance in comparison with other approaches used in wildlife research. Therefore, the aim of this review was to evaluate the performance of noninvasive genetic assessment in comparison with other methods across different types of wildlife studies. Through a search of three scientific databases, 113 relevant studies were identified, published between the years 1997 and 2020. Overall, most of the studies (94%) reported equivalent or superior performance of noninvasive genetic assessment when compared with either invasive genetic sampling or another research method. It might be also cheaper and more time-efficient than other techniques. In conclusion, noninvasive genetic assessment is a highly effective research approach, whose efficacy and performance are likely to improve even further in the future with the development of optimized protocols.
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Oxytocin receptor gene sequences in owl monkeys and other primates show remarkable interspecific regulatory and protein coding variation. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2015; 91:160-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2015.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Revised: 04/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Wang LF, Yang Y, Zhang XN, Quan XL, Wu YM. Tri-allelic pattern of short tandem repeats identifies the murderer among identical twins and suggests an embryonic mutational origin. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2015; 16:239-245. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2015.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Revised: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Mendoza A, Ng J, Bales K, Mendoza SP, George DA, Smith DG, Kanthaswamy S. Population genetics of the California National Primate Research Center's (CNPRC) captive Callicebus cupreus colony. Primates 2015; 56:37-44. [PMID: 25179309 PMCID: PMC4289022 DOI: 10.1007/s10329-014-0446-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The California National Primate Research Center maintains a small colony of titi monkeys (Callicebus cupreus) for behavioral studies. While short tandem repeat (STR) markers are critical for the genetic management of the center's rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) breeding colony, STRs are not used for this purpose in the maintenance of the center's titi monkey colony. Consequently, the genetic structure of this titi monkey population has not been characterized. A lack of highly informative genetic markers in titi monkeys has also resulted in scant knowledge of the species' genetic variation in the wild. The purpose of this study was to develop a panel of highly polymorphic titi monkey STRs using a cross-species polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification protocol that could be used for the genetic management of the titi monkey colony. We screened 16 STR primer pairs and selected those that generated robust and reproducible polymorphic amplicons. Loci that were found to be highly polymorphic, very likely to be useful for parentage verification, pedigree assessment, and studying titi monkey population genetics, were validated using Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and linkage disequilibrium analyses. The genetic data generated in this study were also used to assess directly the impact on the colony's genetic diversity of a recent adenovirus outbreak. While the adenovirus epizootic disease caused significant mortality (19 deaths among the 65 colony animals), our results suggest that the disease exhibited little or no influence on the overall genetic diversity of the colony.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Mendoza
- University of California Graduate Program in Forensic Science, University of California, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Jillian Ng
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 956163
| | - Karen Bales
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Sally P. Mendoza
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Debra A. George
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 956163
| | - David Glenn Smith
- University of California Graduate Program in Forensic Science, University of California, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 956163
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Sree Kanthaswamy
- University of California Graduate Program in Forensic Science, University of California, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 956163
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616
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Wartmann FM, Juárez CP, Fernandez-Duque E. Size, Site Fidelity, and Overlap of Home Ranges and Core Areas in the Socially Monogamous Owl Monkey (Aotus azarae) of Northern Argentina. INT J PRIMATOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10764-014-9771-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Huck M, Fernandez-Duque E, Babb P, Schurr T. Correlates of genetic monogamy in socially monogamous mammals: insights from Azara's owl monkeys. Proc Biol Sci 2014; 281:20140195. [PMID: 24648230 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2014.0195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the evolution of mating systems, a central topic in evolutionary biology for more than 50 years, requires examining the genetic consequences of mating and the relationships between social systems and mating systems. Among pair-living mammals, where genetic monogamy is extremely rare, the extent of extra-group paternity rates has been associated with male participation in infant care, strength of the pair bond and length of the breeding season. This study evaluated the relationship between two of those factors and the genetic mating system of socially monogamous mammals, testing predictions that male care and strength of pair bond would be negatively correlated with rates of extra-pair paternity (EPP). Autosomal microsatellite analyses provide evidence for genetic monogamy in a pair-living primate with bi-parental care, the Azara's owl monkey (Aotus azarae). A phylogenetically corrected generalized least square analysis was used to relate male care and strength of the pair bond to their genetic mating system (i.e. proportions of EPP) in 15 socially monogamous mammalian species. The intensity of male care was correlated with EPP rates in mammals, while strength of pair bond failed to reach statistical significance. Our analyses show that, once social monogamy has evolved, paternal care, and potentially also close bonds, may facilitate the evolution of genetic monogamy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maren Huck
- Department of Biological and Forensic Sciences, University of Derby, , Kedleston Road, Derby DE22 1GB, UK, German Primate Centre, , Kellnerweg 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany, Department of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, , 3260 South Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA, Centro de Ecología Aplicada del Litoral, , Conicet, Corrientes, Argentina
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