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Heffler E, Malvezzi L, Boita M, Brussino L, De Virgilio A, Ferrando M, Puggioni F, Racca F, Stomeo N, Spriano G, Canonica GW. Immunological mechanisms underlying chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2018; 14:731-737. [PMID: 30107759 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2018.1512407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a common and quality-of-life impacting disorder, with an underlying immunological mechanism similar to other conditions such as eosinophilic asthma or atopic eczema. Areas covered: This review article summarizes the most recent evidence on the main immunological mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis and the perpetuation of CRSwNP, with a particular focus on the key role of epithelium-derived inflammation as a consequence of the interaction with the airborne environment. Expert commentary: The increase in knowledge of the immunology of CRSwNP leads to the development of therapeutical strategies based upon the use of biologic agents that, according to a personalized and precision medicine approach, will provide each single patient with the most suitable immunological treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Heffler
- a Personalized Medicine , Asthma and Allergy - Humanitas Research Hospital , Milan , Italy.,b Department of Biomedical Sciences , Humanitas University , Milan , Italy
| | - Luca Malvezzi
- c Department of Otorhinolaryngology , Humanitas Research Hospital , Milan , Italy
| | - Monica Boita
- d Allergy and Clinical Immunology , University of Torino , Torino , Italy
| | - Luisa Brussino
- d Allergy and Clinical Immunology , University of Torino , Torino , Italy
| | - Armando De Virgilio
- c Department of Otorhinolaryngology , Humanitas Research Hospital , Milan , Italy
| | - Matteo Ferrando
- e Allergy and Respiratory Diseases , University of Genova , Genova , Italy
| | - Francesca Puggioni
- a Personalized Medicine , Asthma and Allergy - Humanitas Research Hospital , Milan , Italy.,b Department of Biomedical Sciences , Humanitas University , Milan , Italy
| | - Francesca Racca
- a Personalized Medicine , Asthma and Allergy - Humanitas Research Hospital , Milan , Italy
| | - Niccolò Stomeo
- a Personalized Medicine , Asthma and Allergy - Humanitas Research Hospital , Milan , Italy.,b Department of Biomedical Sciences , Humanitas University , Milan , Italy
| | - Giuseppe Spriano
- c Department of Otorhinolaryngology , Humanitas Research Hospital , Milan , Italy
| | - Giorgio Walter Canonica
- a Personalized Medicine , Asthma and Allergy - Humanitas Research Hospital , Milan , Italy.,b Department of Biomedical Sciences , Humanitas University , Milan , Italy
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