Low molecular weight heparin inhibits circulating fibrocytes differentiation by modulating neuronal nitric oxide synthase and TGF-β1/Smad pathway

Adipose-derived stem/stromal cells with heparin-enhanced anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic effects mitigate induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a life-threatening pathological condition that causes respiratory failure and often presents as pulmonary fibrosis. Although it is treated using immunosuppressive and antifibrotic agents, the beneficial effects of these agents remain limited. Thus, the development of new therapeutic strategies for lung fibrosis is crucial. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) have multilineage differentiation potential; additionally, they have anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic effects as well as the ability to modulate the immune response and modify the microenvironment at the site of engraftment. Numerous adipose-derived MSCs (ASCs) are present in the adipose tissue. Heparin and low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) mediate the secretion of several cytokines and growth factors with cell migratory and antifibrotic effects. This study aimed to confirm the therapeutic effect of LMWH-activated ASCs on ILD. Mouse ASCs (mASCs) were cultured in an LMWH-supplemented medium. LMWH significantly increased the number of mASC and enhanced their migratory, anti-inflammatory, and antifibrotic effects. Furthermore, mice with bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis were intravenously administered LMWH-activated mASCs. The relative mRNA expression of inflammation-related genes in ILD lungs was significantly lower in the treatment group than in the pathological model group. Our findings suggest that LMWH-activated mASC administration reduces lung fibrosis.