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Kamp M, Surmacki J, Segarra Mondejar M, Young T, Chrabaszcz K, Joud F, Zecchini V, Speed A, Frezza C, Bohndiek SE. Raman micro-spectroscopy reveals the spatial distribution of fumarate in cells and tissues. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5386. [PMID: 38918386 PMCID: PMC11199670 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49403-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Aberrantly accumulated metabolites elicit intra- and inter-cellular pro-oncogenic cascades, yet current measurement methods require sample perturbation/disruption and lack spatio-temporal resolution, limiting our ability to fully characterize their function and distribution. Here, we show that Raman spectroscopy (RS) can directly detect fumarate in living cells in vivo and animal tissues ex vivo, and that RS can distinguish between Fumarate hydratase (Fh1)-deficient and Fh1-proficient cells based on fumarate concentration. Moreover, RS reveals the spatial compartmentalization of fumarate within cellular organelles in Fh1-deficient cells: consistent with disruptive methods, we observe the highest fumarate concentration (37 ± 19 mM) in mitochondria, where the TCA cycle operates, followed by the cytoplasm (24 ± 13 mM) and then the nucleus (9 ± 6 mM). Finally, we apply RS to tissues from an inducible mouse model of FH loss in the kidney, demonstrating RS can classify FH status. These results suggest RS could be adopted as a valuable tool for small molecule metabolic imaging, enabling in situ non-destructive evaluation of fumarate compartmentalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlous Kamp
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
- Department of Chemistry, Utrecht University, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jakub Surmacki
- Lodz University of Technology, Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Laboratory of Laser Molecular Spectroscopy, Wroblewskiego 15, 93-590, Lodz, Poland
| | - Marc Segarra Mondejar
- Hutchison/MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK
- CECAD, Joseph-Stelzmann-Straße 26, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tim Young
- Hutchison/MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Karolina Chrabaszcz
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Experimental Physics of Complex Systems, Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342, Krakow, Poland
| | - Fadwa Joud
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Vincent Zecchini
- Hutchison/MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Alyson Speed
- Hutchison/MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Christian Frezza
- Hutchison/MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK.
- CECAD, Joseph-Stelzmann-Straße 26, 50931, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Sarah E Bohndiek
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK.
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK.
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2
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Valcarcel-Jimenez L, Frezza C. Fumarate hydratase (FH) and cancer: a paradigm of oncometabolism. Br J Cancer 2023; 129:1546-1557. [PMID: 37689804 PMCID: PMC10645937 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02412-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Fumarate hydratase (FH) is an enzyme of the Tricarboxylic Acid (TCA) cycle whose mutations lead to hereditary and sporadic forms of cancer. Although more than twenty years have passed since its discovery as the leading cause of the cancer syndrome Hereditary leiomyomatosis and Renal Cell Carcinoma (HLRCC), it is still unclear how the loss of FH causes cancer in a tissue-specific manner and with such aggressive behaviour. It has been shown that FH loss, via the accumulation of FH substrate fumarate, activates a series of oncogenic cascades whose contribution to transformation is still under investigation. In this review, we will summarise these recent findings in an integrated fashion and put forward the case that understanding the biology of FH and how its mutations promote transformation will be vital to establish novel paradigms of oncometabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorea Valcarcel-Jimenez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, UPV/EHU, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain.
| | - Christian Frezza
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute of Genetics, Cluster of Excellence Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany.
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cluster of Excellence Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany.
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Simón L, Arazo-Rusindo M, Quest AFG, Mariotti-Celis MS. Phlorotannins: Novel Orally Administrated Bioactive Compounds That Induce Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress in Cancer. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1734. [PMID: 37760037 PMCID: PMC10525198 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12091734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is an interesting therapeutic target to help reduce cancer deaths, and the use of bioactive compounds has emerged as a novel and safe approach to solve this problem. Here, we discuss the information available related to phlorotannins, a type of polyphenol present in brown seaweeds that reportedly functions as antioxidants/pro-oxidants and anti-inflammatory and anti-tumorigenic agents. Specifically, available evidence indicates that dieckol and phloroglucinol promote mitochondrial membrane depolarization and mitochondria-dependent apoptosis. Phlorotannins also reduce pro-tumorigenic, -inflammatory, and -angiogenic signaling mechanisms involving RAS/MAPK/ERK, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, NF-κB, and VEGF. In doing so, they inhibit pathways that favor cancer development and progression. Unfortunately, these compounds are rather labile and, therefore, this review also summarizes approaches permitting the encapsulation of bioactive compounds, like phlorotannins, and their subsequent oral administration as novel and non-invasive therapeutic alternatives for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layla Simón
- Nutrition and Dietetic School, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago 7501015, Chile
- Cellular Communication Laboratory, Center for Studies on Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Program of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile;
| | - Migdalia Arazo-Rusindo
- Department of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile;
| | - Andrew F. G. Quest
- Cellular Communication Laboratory, Center for Studies on Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Program of Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile;
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile
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Alzahrani AS, Alswailem M, Alghamdi B, Al-Hindi H. Fumarate Hydratase is a Novel Gene for Familial Non-Medullary Thyroid Cancer. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:2539-2544. [PMID: 35751867 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The majority of cases of epithelial cell-derived thyroid cancer are sporadic. Familial non-medullary thyroid cancer (FNMTC) occurs in about 5% to 9% of cases, either as a part of known syndromes such as Cowden syndrome or in the form of familial clustering of 2 or more affected family members. Hereditary leiomyoma and renal cell cancer (HLRCC) syndrome is a rare familial cancer syndrome. The underlying etiology is heterozygous germline mutations of the fumarate hydratase (FH) gene. In addition to extensive uterine and skin leiomyomas and RCC, other tumors may arise in this syndrome. However, thyroid cancer has never been described as part of HLRCC. Here, we describe a woman who presented with an aggressive poorly differentiated thyroid cancer (PDTC) and was found to have HLRCC syndrome because of a novel heterozygous germline FH mutation. RESULTS A 43-year-old woman presented with a large lower neck mass that was found to be PDTC. During her evaluation, she was found to have extensive uterine leiomyomatosis and bilateral adrenal nodules. Whole exome and subsequent Sanger sequencing of leucocyte DNA revealed a novel monoallelic nonsense FH mutation (c.760C>T, p.Q254*). Sequencing of the thyroid tumor tissue showed a biallelic loss at the same mutation site (loss of heterozygosity) and immunohistochemistry of the PDTC showed loss of FH staining in the tumor tissue, indicating the pathogenic role of this mutation in the development of PDTC in this patient. CONCLUSION Thyroid cancer is a novel feature of the FH-related HLRCC syndrome. This syndrome can be added to the rare genetic causes of syndromic FNMTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali S Alzahrani
- Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Molecular Oncology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Meshael Alswailem
- Department of Molecular Oncology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Balgees Alghamdi
- Department of Molecular Oncology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hindi Al-Hindi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
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Bailleux S, Somja J, Martin M, De Prijck B, Nikkels AF. HEREDITARY LEIOMYOMATOSIS AND ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA: a LINK THROUGH FUMARATE DYSHYDRATASE MUTATION? Acta Clin Belg 2021; 77:778-781. [PMID: 34515613 DOI: 10.1080/17843286.2021.1980669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND : Hereditary leiomyomatosis (HL) is an autosomal dominant condition due to a variety of fumarate hydratase (FH) mutations in which individuals tend to develop cutaneous leiomyomas, multiple uterine leiomyomas and are at risk for developing aggressive papillary renal cell carcinoma. CASE PRESENTATION : A 26-year-old man with a past history of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) presented with numerous painful light brown papules and nodules spread all over his body except for the head, appearing since infancy. Similar lesions were present in his mother's family. A cutaneous biopsy revealed a cutaneous leiomyoma. His mother died from metastatic uterine neoplasia and his sister suffered from leiomyoma of the uterus. No renal cancer was reported in his family. A heterozygous pathogenic variant was detected in the FH gene. CONCLUSION : To our knowledge, this is the first case possibly linking HL and T-ALL through FH deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Bailleux
- Departments of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire De Liege, Belgium
| | - Joan Somja
- Departments of Dermatopathology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire De Liege, Belgium
| | - Marie Martin
- Departments of Genetics, and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire De Liege, Belgium
| | - Bernard De Prijck
- Departments of Hematology, Chu Du Sart Tilman, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Arjen F. Nikkels
- Departments of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire De Liege, Belgium
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6
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Yang J, Wang F, Zhong S, Chen B. Identification of hub genes with prognostic values in multiple myeloma by bioinformatics analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 26:453-459. [PMID: 34165034 DOI: 10.1080/16078454.2021.1943617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant disease with abnormal proliferation of clonal plasma cells. Hypoxia is an important factor in the pathogenesis and development of MM. However, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. MATERIAL & METHODS To determine hub genes related to hypoxia in MM, this study took integrated bioinformatics analysis with two expression datasets (GSE80140 and GSE80545) downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were filtrated under the condition of both p-value < 0.05 and [log2FoldChange (log2FC)] > 1. Then, gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes enrichment (KEGG) analysis, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network construction were utilized to further explore these DEGs. PrognoScan evaluated all the candidate hub genes for survival analysis. RESULTS In total, three hub genes, including FH, TSTA3, and POLR3G, were screened out to be related to hypoxia in MM. Patients with the lower expression level of FH, TSTA3, and POLR3G have statistically significantly longer disease- specific survival (Cox p < 0.05). CONCLUSION We identified FH, TSTA3, and POLR3G as hub genes which can affect MM patients'outcome and new biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of MM. Further functional and mechanistic studies are need to develop in order to make them as potential target for clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanliang Zhong
- Center of Clinical Laboratory Science, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoan Chen
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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Luo Y, Ma J, Lu W. The Significance of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165598. [PMID: 32764295 PMCID: PMC7460667 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As an essential organelle in nucleated eukaryotic cells, mitochondria play a central role in energy metabolism, maintenance of redox balance, and regulation of apoptosis. Mitochondrial dysfunction, either due to the TCA cycle enzyme defects, mitochondrial DNA genetic mutations, defective mitochondrial electron transport chain, oxidative stress, or aberrant oncogene and tumor suppressor signaling, has been observed in a wide spectrum of human cancers. In this review, we summarize mitochondrial dysfunction induced by these alterations that promote human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongde Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA;
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (W.L.)
| | - Jianjia Ma
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA;
| | - Weiqin Lu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA;
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (W.L.)
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8
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Fumarate hydratase in cancer: A multifaceted tumour suppressor. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2019; 98:15-25. [PMID: 31085323 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is now considered a multifactorial disorder with different aetiologies and outcomes. Yet, all cancers share some common molecular features. Among these, the reprogramming of cellular metabolism has emerged as a key player in tumour initiation and progression. The finding that metabolic enzymes such as fumarate hydratase (FH), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), when mutated, cause cancer suggested that metabolic dysregulation is not only a consequence of oncogenic transformation but that it can act as cancer driver. However, the mechanisms underpinning the link between metabolic dysregulation and cancer remain only partially understood. In this review we discuss the role of FH loss in tumorigenesis, focusing on the role of fumarate as a key activator of a variety of oncogenic cascades. We also discuss how these alterations are integrated and converge towards common biological processes. This review highlights the complexity of the signals elicited by FH loss, describes that fumarate can act as a bona fide oncogenic event, and provides a compelling hypothesis of the stepwise neoplastic progression after FH loss.
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9
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Dando I, Pozza ED, Ambrosini G, Torrens-Mas M, Butera G, Mullappilly N, Pacchiana R, Palmieri M, Donadelli M. Oncometabolites in cancer aggressiveness and tumour repopulation. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2019; 94:1530-1546. [PMID: 30972955 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Tumour repopulation is recognized as a crucial event in tumour relapse where therapy-sensitive dying cancer cells influence the tumour microenvironment to sustain therapy-resistant cancer cell growth. Recent studies highlight the role of the oncometabolites succinate, fumarate, and 2-hydroxyglutarate in the aggressiveness of cancer cells and in the worsening of the patient's clinical outcome. These oncometabolites can be produced and secreted by cancer and/or surrounding cells, modifying the tumour microenvironment and sustaining an invasive neoplastic phenotype. In this review, we report recent findings concerning the role in cancer development of succinate, fumarate, and 2-hydroxyglutarate and the regulation of their related enzymes succinate dehydrogenase, fumarate hydratase, and isocitrate dehydrogenase. We propose that oncometabolites are crucially involved in tumour repopulation. The study of the mechanisms underlying the relationship between oncometabolites and tumour repopulation is fundamental for identifying efficient anti-cancer therapeutic strategies and novel serum biomarkers in order to overcome cancer relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Dando
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Elisa Dalla Pozza
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Giulia Ambrosini
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Margalida Torrens-Mas
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, E-07122, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de las Islas Baleares (IdISBa), Hospital Universitario Son Espases, edificio S, Palma de Mallorca, E-07120, Spain
| | - Giovanna Butera
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Nidula Mullappilly
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Raffaella Pacchiana
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Marta Palmieri
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Massimo Donadelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
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Tevosian SG, Ghayee HK. Pheochromocytoma/Paraganglioma: A Poster Child for Cancer Metabolism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018; 103:1779-1789. [PMID: 29409060 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2017-01991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Pheochromocytomas (PCCs) are tumors that are derived from the chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla. Extra-adrenal PCCs called paragangliomas (PGLs) are derived from the sympathetic and parasympathetic chain ganglia. PCCs secrete catecholamines, which cause hypertension and have adverse cardiovascular consequences as a result of catecholamine excess. PGLs may or may not produce catecholamines depending on their genetic type and anatomical location. The most worrisome aspect of these tumors is their ability to become aggressive and metastasize; there are no known cures for metastasized PGLs. METHODS Original articles and reviews indexed in PubMed were identified by querying with specific PCC/PGL- and Krebs cycle pathway-related terms. Additional references were selected through the in-depth analysis of the relevant publications. RESULTS We primarily discuss Krebs cycle mutations that can be instrumental in helping investigators identify key biological pathways and molecules that may serve as biomarkers of or treatment targets for PCC/PGL. CONCLUSION The mainstay of treatment of patients with PCC/PGLs is surgical. However, the tide may be turning with the discovery of new genes associated with PCC/PGLs that may shed light on oncometabolites used by these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei G Tevosian
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Hans K Ghayee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
- Malcom Randall VA Medical Center, Gainesville, Florida
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Ha YS, Chung JW, Chun SY, Choi SH, Lee JN, Kim BS, Kim HT, Kim TH, Byun SS, Hwang EC, Kang SH, Hong SH, Chung J, Kwak C, Kim YJ, Kwon TG. Impact of preoperative thrombocytosis on prognosis after surgical treatment in pathological T1 and T2 renal cell carcinoma: results of a multi-institutional comprehensive study. Oncotarget 2017; 8:64449-64458. [PMID: 28969084 PMCID: PMC5610016 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The prognostic significance of preoperative thrombocytosis (TC) in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is not without some debate. The aim of the present multi-institutional study was to determine the association of preoperative TC with the clinicopathological features and prognosis of localized RCC patients who underwent surgery in a large cohort. Methods A study involving 8 institutions, and 4,376 patients with pT1 and pT2 RCC from the Korean renal cell carcinoma (KORCC) database, was conducted. TC was defined as a platelet count ≥400,000/μL. Patients were divided into 2 groups based on the presence of preoperative TC. Clinicopathological variables and survival rates were compared between the 2 groups. Results Out of the 4,376 patients in the study, 106 (2.4%) had preoperative TC. Compared to patients without TC, these patients had a lower body mass index. Additionally, these patients had more advanced stage tumors with a higher Fuhrman grade, and higher incidence of symptoms at the time of diagnosis. Kaplan-Meier curves revealed that patients with TC had a significantly lower rate of recurrence-free survival (RFS). Furthermore, a lower rate of overall survival (OS) was exhibited amongst patients with TC. Multivariate analysis revealed that TC was an independent prognostic factor in terms of the RFS and OS. Conclusions TC appeared to be an important prognostic determinant in localized RCC. Furthermore, preoperative platelet count may be clinically useful for risk stratification of patients with surgically treated localized RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Sok Ha
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jae-Wook Chung
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - So Young Chun
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Seock Hwan Choi
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jun Nyung Lee
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Bum Soo Kim
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hyun Tae Kim
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Tae-Hwan Kim
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Seok-Soo Byun
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Eu Chang Hwang
- Department of Urology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Jeonnam, Korea
| | - Seok Ho Kang
- Department of Urology, Korea University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Hoo Hong
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jinsoo Chung
- Department of Urology, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Cheol Kwak
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-June Kim
- Department of Urology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Tae Gyun Kwon
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
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Sciacovelli M, Frezza C. Oncometabolites: Unconventional triggers of oncogenic signalling cascades. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 100:175-181. [PMID: 27117029 PMCID: PMC5145802 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a complex and heterogeneous disease thought to be caused by multiple genetic lesions. The recent finding that enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle are mutated in cancer rekindled the hypothesis that altered metabolism might also have a role in cellular transformation. Attempts to link mitochondrial dysfunction to cancer uncovered the unexpected role of small molecule metabolites, now known as oncometabolites, in tumorigenesis. In this review, we describe how oncometabolites can contribute to tumorigenesis. We propose that lesions of oncogenes and tumour suppressors are only one of the possible routes to tumorigenesis, which include accumulation of oncometabolites triggered by environmental cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Sciacovelli
- Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Box 197, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Frezza
- Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Box 197, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, United Kingdom.
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13
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Frezza C. The role of mitochondria in the oncogenic signal transduction. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 48:11-7. [PMID: 24397955 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2013.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Revised: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 12/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are intracellular organelles thought to have evolved from an alphaproteobacterium engulfed by the ancestor of the eukaryotic cell, an archeon, two billion years ago. Although mitochondria are frequently recognised as the "power plant" of the cell, the function of these organelles go beyond the simple generation of ATP. In fact, mounting evidence suggests that mitochondria are involved in several cellular processes, from regulation of cell death to signal transduction. Given this important role in cell physiology, mitochondrial dysfunction has been frequently associated with human diseases including cancer. Importantly, recent evidence suggests that mitochondrial function is directly regulated by oncogenes and tumour suppressors. However, the consequences of deregulation of mitochondrial function in tumour formation are still unclear. In this review, I propose that mitochondria play a pivotal role in shaping the oncogenic signalling cascade and that mitochondrial dysfunction, in some circumstances, is a required step for cancer transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Frezza
- Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Box 197, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, United Kingdom.
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