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Watts LM, Bertoli M, Attie-Bitach T, Roux N, Rausell A, Paschal CR, Zambonin JL, Curry CJ, Martin B, Tooze RS, Hawkes L, Kini U, Twigg SRF, Wilkie AOM. The phenotype of MEGF8-related Carpenter syndrome (CRPT2) is refined through the identification of eight new patients. Eur J Hum Genet 2024:10.1038/s41431-024-01624-9. [PMID: 38760421 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-024-01624-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Carpenter syndrome (CRPTS) is a rare autosomal recessive condition caused by biallelic variants in genes that encode negative regulators of hedgehog signalling (RAB23 [CRPT1] or, more rarely, MEGF8 [CRPT2]), and is characterised by craniosynostosis, polysyndactyly, and other congenital abnormalities. We describe a further six families comprising eight individuals with MEGF8-associated CRPT2, increasing the total number of reported cases to fifteen, and refine the phenotype of CRPT2 compared to CRPT1. The core features of craniosynostosis, polysyndactyly and (in males) cryptorchidism are almost universal in both CRPT1 and CRPT2. However, laterality defects are present in nearly half of those with MEGF8-associated CRPT2, but are rare in RAB23-associated CRPT1. Craniosynostosis in CRPT2 commonly involves a single midline suture in comparison to the multi-suture craniosynostosis characteristic of CRPT1. No patient to date has carried two MEGF8 gene alterations that are both predicted to lead to complete loss-of-function, suggesting that a variable degree of residual MEGF8 activity may be essential for viability and potentially contributing to variable phenotypic severity. These data refine the phenotypic spectrum of CRPT2 in comparison to CRPT1 and more than double the number of likely pathogenic MEGF8 variants in this rare disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Watts
- Oxford Centre for Genomic Medicine, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Marta Bertoli
- Northern Genetics Service, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Tania Attie-Bitach
- Service de Médecine Génomique des Maladies Rares, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
- Laboratoire de biologie médicale multisites SeqOIA, Paris, France
| | - Natalie Roux
- Service de Médecine Génomique des Maladies Rares, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Antonio Rausell
- Service de Médecine Génomique des Maladies Rares, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
- Laboratoire de biologie médicale multisites SeqOIA, Paris, France
| | | | - Jessica L Zambonin
- Provincial Medical Genetics Program, BC Women's Hospital and Health Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Cynthia J Curry
- University of California San Francisco/Fresno, Fresno, CA, USA
- Genetic Medicine, Community Regional Medical Center, Fresno, CA, USA
| | - Blanche Martin
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
- Institut de Pathologie et de Génétique, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Rebecca S Tooze
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Lara Hawkes
- Oxford Centre for Genomic Medicine, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Usha Kini
- Oxford Centre for Genomic Medicine, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Stephen R F Twigg
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrew O M Wilkie
- Oxford Centre for Genomic Medicine, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK.
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.
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2
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Bouaré F, Noureldine MHA, Hajhouji F, Ghannane H, Jallo GI, Ait Benali S. Complex craniosynostosis in the context of Carpenter's syndrome. Childs Nerv Syst 2022; 38:831-835. [PMID: 34244844 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-021-05288-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Carpenter's syndrome or acrocephalopolysyndactyly type II is a rare genetic autosomal recessive disease, with an incidence estimated at 1 per 1 million births. Common findings of a brachydactyly, polysyndactyly, and a trefoil-like skull with extreme brachycephaly due to fusion of the bilateral coronal, sagittal and lambdoid sutures. We report a 12-month-old male who was referred to our care for evaluation of a craniofacial deformity-a trefoil-like skull, flattened and receding forehead, bulging of temporal bones, hypertelorism, exorbitism, and polysyndactyly in the upper and lower limbs and psychomotor delay. Head computed tomography (CT) with 3D reconstruction revealed craniosynostosis with fusion of the coronal, metopic, and sagittal sutures. Correction of the craniofacial deformity was performed with satisfactory aesthesis of the craniofacial bones at 2 years of follow-up. Early correction of craniofacial deformity in Carpenter's syndrome is usually safe within 6 to 12 months. Venous drainage abnormalities and ectatic emissary veins can lead to significant bleeding and may be detected on MR angiography. Significant skull weakening may lead to bony fragmentation while creating cranial flaps and is best evaluated with 3D CT imaging. Taking these pitfalls into consideration decreases the chances of aborting the surgery and may lead to better overall outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fah Bouaré
- Department of Neurosurgery, Arrazi Hospital VI University HospitalCadi Ayyad Université, Ibn Sina Avenue, Mohammed, BP2360, PrincipalMarrakesh, Morocco
| | - Mohammad Hassan A Noureldine
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA.
| | - Farouk Hajhouji
- Department of Neurosurgery, Arrazi Hospital VI University HospitalCadi Ayyad Université, Ibn Sina Avenue, Mohammed, BP2360, PrincipalMarrakesh, Morocco
| | - Houssine Ghannane
- Department of Neurosurgery, Arrazi Hospital VI University HospitalCadi Ayyad Université, Ibn Sina Avenue, Mohammed, BP2360, PrincipalMarrakesh, Morocco
| | - George I Jallo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, Saint Petersburg, Florida, USA
| | - Said Ait Benali
- Department of Neurosurgery, Arrazi Hospital VI University HospitalCadi Ayyad Université, Ibn Sina Avenue, Mohammed, BP2360, PrincipalMarrakesh, Morocco
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3
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Renthal NE, Nakka P, Baronas JM, Kronenberg HM, Hirschhorn JN. Genes with specificity for expression in the round cell layer of the growth plate are enriched in genomewide association study (GWAS) of human height. J Bone Miner Res 2021; 36:2300-2308. [PMID: 34346115 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Human adult height reflects the outcome of childhood skeletal growth. Growth plate (epiphyseal) chondrocytes are key determinants of height. As epiphyseal chondrocytes mature and proliferate, they pass through three developmental stages, which are organized into three distinct layers in the growth plate: (i) resting (round), (ii) proliferative (flat), and (iii) hypertrophic. Recent genomewide association studies (GWASs) of human height identified numerous associated loci, which are enriched for genes expressed in growth plate chondrocytes. However, it remains unclear which specific genes expressed in which layers of the growth plate regulate skeletal growth and human height. To connect the genetics of height and growth plate biology, we analyzed GWAS data through the lens of gene expression in the three dissected layers of murine newborn tibial growth plate. For each gene, we derived a specificity score for each growth plate layer and regressed these scores against gene-level p values from recent height GWAS data. We found that specificity for expression in the round cell layer, which contains chondrocytes early in maturation, is significantly associated with height GWAS p values (p = 8.5 × 10-9 ); this association remains after conditioning on specificity for the other cell layers. The association also remains after conditioning on membership in an "Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) gene set" (genes known to cause monogenic skeletal growth disorders, p < 9.7 × 10-6 ). We replicated the association in RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) data from maturing chondrocytes sampled at early and late time points during differentiation in vitro: we found that expression early in differentiation is significantly associated with p values from height GWASs (p = 6.1 × 10-10 ) and that this association remains after conditioning on expression at 10 days in culture and on the OMIM gene set (p < 0.006). These findings newly implicate genes highlighted by GWASs of height and specifically expressed in the round cell layer as being potentially important regulators of skeletal biology. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora E Renthal
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Priyanka Nakka
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - John M Baronas
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Henry M Kronenberg
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joel N Hirschhorn
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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4
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Engle SE, Bansal R, Antonellis PJ, Berbari NF. Cilia signaling and obesity. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 110:43-50. [PMID: 32466971 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
An emerging number of rare genetic disorders termed ciliopathies are associated with pediatric obesity. It is becoming clear that the mechanisms associated with cilia dysfunction and obesity in these syndromes are complex. In addition to ciliopathic syndromic forms of obesity, several cilia-associated signaling gene mutations also lead to morbid obesity. While cilia have critical and diverse functions in energy homeostasis including their roles in centrally mediated food intake as well as in peripheral tissues, many questions remain. Here, we briefly discuss the syndromic ciliopathies and monoallelic cilia signaling gene mutations associated with obesity. We also describe potential ways cilia may be involved in common obesity. We discuss how neuronal cilia impact food intake potentially through leptin signaling and changes in ciliary G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling. We highlight several recent studies that have implicated the potential for cilia in peripheral tissues such as adipose and the pancreas to contribute to metabolic dysfunction. Then we discuss the potential for cilia to impact energy homeostasis through their roles in both development and adult tissue homeostasis. The studies discussed in this review highlight how a comprehensive understanding of the requirement of cilia for the regulation of diverse biological functions will contribute to our understanding of common forms of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Staci E Engle
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Ruchi Bansal
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Patrick J Antonellis
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Nicolas F Berbari
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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Hor CH, Goh EL. Small GTPases in hedgehog signalling: emerging insights into the disease mechanisms of Rab23-mediated and Arl13b-mediated ciliopathies. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2019; 56:61-68. [PMID: 31465935 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2019.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Small GTPases are known to have pivotal roles in intracellular trafficking, and several members of the small GTPases superfamily such as Rab10 [1,2•], Rab11 [3-5], Rab34 [6•,7], Rab8 [3,8], Rab23 [9-12], RSG1 [13-15], Arl13b [16-22], and Arl6 [22,23] were recently reported to mediate primary cilia function and/or Hh signalling. Although these functions are implicated in diseases such as ciliopathies, the molecular basis underlying how these small GTPases mediate primary cilia-dependent Hh signalling and pathogenesis of ciliopathies warrants further investigations. Notably, Rab23 and Arl13b have been implicated in ciliopathy-associated human diseases and could regulate Hh signalling cascade in multifaceted manners. This review thus specifically discuss the roles of Rab23 and Arl13b in primary cilia of mammalian systems, their cilia-dependent and cilia-independent modulation of hedgehog signalling pathways and their implications in Carpenter Syndrome and Joubert Syndrome respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Hh Hor
- Neuroscience Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; Department of Chemistry, Research Cluster on Health and Drug Discovery, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Eyleen Lk Goh
- Neuroscience Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; Department of Research, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore 308433, Singapore; Neuroscience and Mental Health Faculty, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore; KK Research Center, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore 229899, Singapore.
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6
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Hor CH, Tang BL, Goh EL. Rab23 and developmental disorders. Rev Neurosci 2018; 29:849-860. [DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2017-0110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Rab23 is a conserved member of the Rab family of small GTPases that regulates membrane trafficking in eukaryotes. It is unique amongst the Rabs in terms of its implicated role in mammalian development, as originally illustrated by the embryonic lethality and open neural tube phenotype of a spontaneous mouse mutant that carries homozygous mutation of open brain, a gene encoding Rab23. Rab23 was initially identified to act as an antagonist of Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling, and has since been implicated in a number of physiological and pathological roles, including oncogenesis. Interestingly, RAB23 null allele homozygosity in humans is not lethal, but instead causes the developmental disorder Carpenter’s syndrome (CS), which is characterized by craniofacial malformations, polysyndactyly, obesity and intellectual disability. CS bears some phenotypic resemblance to a spectrum of hereditary defects associated with the primary cilium, or the ciliopathies. Recent findings have in fact implicated Rab23 in protein traffic to the primary cilium, thus linking it with the primary cellular locale of Shh signaling. Rab23 also has Shh and cilia-independent functions. It is known to mediate the expression of Nodal at the mouse left lateral plate mesoderm and Kupffer’s vesicle, the zebrafish equivalent of the mouse node. It is thus important for the left-right patterning of vertebrate embryos. In this review, we discuss the developmental disorders associated with Rab23 and attempt to relate its cellular activities to its roles in development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine H.H. Hor
- Neuroscience Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School , 8 College Road , Singapore 169857 , Singapore
- Department of Research , National Neuroscience Institute , Singapore 308433 , Singapore
| | - Bor Luen Tang
- Department of Biochemistry , Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine , National University of Singapore , Singapore 117597 , Singapore
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering , National University of Singapore, Medical Drive , Singapore 117456 , Singapore
| | - Eyleen L.K. Goh
- Neuroscience Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School , 8 College Road , Singapore 169857 , Singapore
- Department of Research , National Neuroscience Institute , Singapore 308433 , Singapore
- Department of Physiology , Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine , National University of Singapore , 8 Medical Drive , Singapore 117597 , Singapore
- KK Research Center, KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital , Singapore 229899 , Singapore
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7
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Large-scale computational drug repositioning to find treatments for rare diseases. NPJ Syst Biol Appl 2018; 4:13. [PMID: 29560273 PMCID: PMC5847522 DOI: 10.1038/s41540-018-0050-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Rare, or orphan, diseases are conditions afflicting a small subset of people in a population. Although these disorders collectively pose significant health care problems, drug companies require government incentives to develop drugs for rare diseases due to extremely limited individual markets. Computer-aided drug repositioning, i.e., finding new indications for existing drugs, is a cheaper and faster alternative to traditional drug discovery offering a promising venue for orphan drug research. Structure-based matching of drug-binding pockets is among the most promising computational techniques to inform drug repositioning. In order to find new targets for known drugs ultimately leading to drug repositioning, we recently developed eMatchSite, a new computer program to compare drug-binding sites. In this study, eMatchSite is combined with virtual screening to systematically explore opportunities to reposition known drugs to proteins associated with rare diseases. The effectiveness of this integrated approach is demonstrated for a kinase inhibitor, which is a confirmed candidate for repositioning to synapsin Ia. The resulting dataset comprises 31,142 putative drug-target complexes linked to 980 orphan diseases. The modeling accuracy is evaluated against the structural data recently released for tyrosine-protein kinase HCK. To illustrate how potential therapeutics for rare diseases can be identified, we discuss a possibility to repurpose a steroidal aromatase inhibitor to treat Niemann-Pick disease type C. Overall, the exhaustive exploration of the drug repositioning space exposes new opportunities to combat orphan diseases with existing drugs. DrugBank/Orphanet repositioning data are freely available to research community at https://osf.io/qdjup/.
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8
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Abstract
Cilia are microtubule-based organelles extending from a basal body at the surface of eukaryotic cells. Cilia regulate cell and fluid motility, sensation and developmental signaling, and ciliary defects cause human diseases (ciliopathies) affecting the formation and function of many tissues and organs. Over the past decade, various Rab and Rab-like membrane trafficking proteins have been shown to regulate cilia-related processes such as basal body maturation, ciliary axoneme extension, intraflagellar transport and ciliary signaling. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of Rab protein ciliary associations, drawing on findings from multiple model systems, including mammalian cell culture, mice, zebrafish, C. elegans, trypanosomes, and green algae. We also discuss several emerging mechanistic themes related to ciliary Rab cascades and functional redundancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver E Blacque
- a School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science , University College Dublin , Belfield, Dublin , Ireland
| | - Noemie Scheidel
- a School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science , University College Dublin , Belfield, Dublin , Ireland
| | - Stefanie Kuhns
- a School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science , University College Dublin , Belfield, Dublin , Ireland
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9
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Saeed S, Arslan M, Froguel P. Genetics of Obesity in Consanguineous Populations: Toward Precision Medicine and the Discovery of Novel Obesity Genes. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2018; 26:474-484. [PMID: 29464904 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Consanguinity has been instrumental in the elucidation of many Mendelian genetic diseases. Here, the unique advantage of consanguineous populations was considered in the quest for genes causing obesity. METHODS PubMed was searched for articles relevant to consanguinity and obesity published between 1995 and 2016. Some earlier articles of interest were also consulted. RESULTS Although obesity is the most heritable disorder, even in outbred populations, only 2% to 5% of severe obesity cases have so far been proven to be caused by single gene mutations. In some highly consanguineous populations, a remarkably higher proportion of obesity cases because of known and novel monogenic variants has been identified (up to 30%). CONCLUSIONS Combining the power conferred by consanguinity with current large-capacity sequencing techniques should bring new genetic factors and molecular mechanisms to the fore, unveiling a large part of the yet-elusive neurohumoral circuitry involved in the regulation of energy homeostasis and appetite. Importantly, the undertaking of such initiatives is destined to unfold novel targets for the development of precision medicine relevant to different forms of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Saeed
- Department of Genomics of Common Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
- CNRS, Pasteur Institute of Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Muhammad Arslan
- Centre for Research in Molecular Medicine, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Forman Christian College, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Philippe Froguel
- Department of Genomics of Common Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
- CNRS, Pasteur Institute of Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
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10
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Abstract
Cilia are microtubule-based organelles extending from a basal body at the surface of eukaryotic cells. Cilia regulate cell and fluid motility, sensation and developmental signaling, and ciliary defects cause human diseases (ciliopathies) affecting the formation and function of many tissues and organs. Over the past decade, various Rab and Rab-like membrane trafficking proteins have been shown to regulate cilia-related processes such as basal body maturation, ciliary axoneme extension, intraflagellar transport and ciliary signaling. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of Rab protein ciliary associations, drawing on findings from multiple model systems, including mammalian cell culture, mice, zebrafish, C. elegans, trypanosomes, and green algae. We also discuss several emerging mechanistic themes related to ciliary Rab cascades and functional redundancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver E Blacque
- a School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science , University College Dublin , Belfield, Dublin , Ireland
| | - Noemie Scheidel
- a School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science , University College Dublin , Belfield, Dublin , Ireland
| | - Stefanie Kuhns
- a School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science , University College Dublin , Belfield, Dublin , Ireland
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11
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Zheng LQ, Chi SM, Li CX. Rab23's genetic structure, function and related diseases: a review. Biosci Rep 2017; 37:BSR20160410. [PMID: 28104793 PMCID: PMC5333778 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20160410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Rab23 has been proven to play a role in membrane trafficking and protein transport in eukaryotic cells. Rab23 is also a negative regulator of the Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway in an indirect way. The nonsense mutation and loss of protein of Rab23 has been associated with neural tube defect in mice and aberrant expression in various diseases in human such as neural system, breast, visceral, and cutaneous tumor. In addition, Rab23 may play joint roles in autophagosome formation during anti-infection process against Group A streptococcus. In this review, we give a brief review on the functions of Rab23, summarize the involvement of Rab23 in genetic research, membrane trafficking, and potential autophagy pathway, especially focus on tumor promotion, disease pathogenesis, and discuss the possible underlying mechanisms that are regulated by Rab23.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Qiang Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Dermatology, the 251st Hospital of Chinese PLA, No.13.Jian'guo Road, Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province, 075100, China
| | - Su-Min Chi
- Department of Physiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Cheng-Xin Li
- Department of Dermatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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12
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Cheng L, Yang F, Zhou B, Yang H, Yuan Y, Li X, Han S. RAB23, regulated by miR-92b, promotes the progression of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Gene 2016; 595:31-38. [PMID: 27659550 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
RAB23, a member of Ras-related small GTPase family, has been reported to be up-regulated in several cancer types. However, its biological functions and the underlying molecular mechanisms for its oncogenic roles in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remain unknown. In this study, we have shown that the expression of RAB23 was elevated in ESCC tissues and ESCC cells. Overexpression of RAB23 promoted the growth and migration of the ESCC cells, while knocking down the expression RAB23 inhibited the growth, migration and metastasis of the ESCC cells. The molecular mechanism study showed that RAB23 activated beta-catenin/TCF signaling and regulated the expression of several target genes. In the further study, it was found that the expression of RAB23 was regulated by the miR-92b. Forced expression of MiR-92b decreased the mRNA and protein level of RAB23, and RAB23 rescued the biological functions of miR-92b. Taken together, this study revealed the oncogenic roles and the regulation of RAB23 in ESCC, suggesting RAB23 might be a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University (Henan Provincial People's Hospital), Henan Province, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University (Henan Provincial People's Hospital), Henan Province, China
| | - Bingxi Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University (Henan Provincial People's Hospital), Henan Province, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University (Henan Provincial People's Hospital), Henan Province, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Department of Gastroenterology, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University (Henan Provincial People's Hospital), Henan Province, China
| | - Xiuling Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University (Henan Provincial People's Hospital), Henan Province, China.
| | - Shuangyin Han
- Department of Gastroenterology, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University (Henan Provincial People's Hospital), Henan Province, China
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Caminsky NG, Mucaki EJ, Rogan PK. Interpretation of mRNA splicing mutations in genetic disease: review of the literature and guidelines for information-theoretical analysis. F1000Res 2015. [DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.5654.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The interpretation of genomic variants has become one of the paramount challenges in the post-genome sequencing era. In this review we summarize nearly 20 years of research on the applications of information theory (IT) to interpret coding and non-coding mutations that alter mRNA splicing in rare and common diseases. We compile and summarize the spectrum of published variants analyzed by IT, to provide a broad perspective of the distribution of deleterious natural and cryptic splice site variants detected, as well as those affecting splicing regulatory sequences. Results for natural splice site mutations can be interrogated dynamically with Splicing Mutation Calculator, a companion software program that computes changes in information content for any splice site substitution, linked to corresponding publications containing these mutations. The accuracy of IT-based analysis was assessed in the context of experimentally validated mutations. Because splice site information quantifies binding affinity, IT-based analyses can discern the differences between variants that account for the observed reduced (leaky) versus abolished mRNA splicing. We extend this principle by comparing predicted mutations in natural, cryptic, and regulatory splice sites with observed deleterious phenotypic and benign effects. Our analysis of 1727 variants revealed a number of general principles useful for ensuring portability of these analyses and accurate input and interpretation of mutations. We offer guidelines for optimal use of IT software for interpretation of mRNA splicing mutations.
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14
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Caminsky N, Mucaki EJ, Rogan PK. Interpretation of mRNA splicing mutations in genetic disease: review of the literature and guidelines for information-theoretical analysis. F1000Res 2014; 3:282. [PMID: 25717368 PMCID: PMC4329672 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.5654.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The interpretation of genomic variants has become one of the paramount challenges in the post-genome sequencing era. In this review we summarize nearly 20 years of research on the applications of information theory (IT) to interpret coding and non-coding mutations that alter mRNA splicing in rare and common diseases. We compile and summarize the spectrum of published variants analyzed by IT, to provide a broad perspective of the distribution of deleterious natural and cryptic splice site variants detected, as well as those affecting splicing regulatory sequences. Results for natural splice site mutations can be interrogated dynamically with Splicing Mutation Calculator, a companion software program that computes changes in information content for any splice site substitution, linked to corresponding publications containing these mutations. The accuracy of IT-based analysis was assessed in the context of experimentally validated mutations. Because splice site information quantifies binding affinity, IT-based analyses can discern the differences between variants that account for the observed reduced (leaky) versus abolished mRNA splicing. We extend this principle by comparing predicted mutations in natural, cryptic, and regulatory splice sites with observed deleterious phenotypic and benign effects. Our analysis of 1727 variants revealed a number of general principles useful for ensuring portability of these analyses and accurate input and interpretation of mutations. We offer guidelines for optimal use of IT software for interpretation of mRNA splicing mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Caminsky
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, N6A 2C1, Canada
| | - Eliseos J Mucaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, N6A 2C1, Canada
| | - Peter K Rogan
- Departments of Biochemistry and Computer Science, Western University, London, ON, N6A 2C1, Canada
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Haye D, Collet C, Sembely-Taveau C, Haddad G, Denis C, Soulé N, Suc AL, Listrat A, Toutain A. Prenatal findings in carpenter syndrome and a novel mutation in RAB23. Am J Med Genet A 2014; 164A:2926-30. [PMID: 25168863 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Carpenter syndrome is caused by mutations of the RAB23 gene. To date, 12 distinct mutations have been identified among 34 patients from 26 unrelated families. We report on the prenatal findings in a fetus with Carpenter syndrome with a novel RAB23 mutation. Cystic hygroma, bowed femora, abnormal skull shape and a complex heart defect were seen on ultrasound scan, and Carpenter syndrome was diagnosed at birth. Craniosynostosis and preaxial hexadactyly of the feet were retrospectively detectable on the fetal CT scan. Sequencing of RAB23 identified a homozygous mutation leading to skipping of exon 6 and premature termination codon (c.481G>C; p.Val161Leufs*16). This observation illustrates the difficulty of prenatal ultrasound diagnosis of Carpenter syndrome. To our knowledge, this diagnosis was suggested on ultrasound scan in only one prior patient, although in five other patients abnormal skull shape and variable findings, mainly limb anomalies including bowed femora in one case, were described during the pregnancy. Heart defect and bowed femora are rare postnatal findings. The diagnosis of Carpenter syndrome should therefore be considered on prenatal imaging in cases of bowed femora and/or cardiac defect associated with abnormal skull shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Haye
- Service de Génétique, Hôpital Bretonneau, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Tours, France
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Movva S, Kotecha UH, Sharma D, Puri RD, Verma IC. Prenatal Diagnosis and Elucidation of a Novel Molecular Mechanism in Carpenter Syndrome. JOURNAL OF FETAL MEDICINE 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s40556-014-0017-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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