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Alqahtani AS, Putoux A, Bonnet Dupeyron MN, Carneiro M, Lion-Francois L, Rossi M, Tevissen H, Schluth Bolard C, Labalme A, Lesca G, Till M, Edery P, Sanlaville D. Postnatal clinical phenotype of five patients with Pallister-Killian Syndrome (tetrasomy 12p): Interest of array CGH for diagnosis and review of the literature. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 7:e00939. [PMID: 31454185 PMCID: PMC6785526 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pallister–Killian syndrome (PKS) is a rare sporadic disorder caused by tetrasomy of the short arm of chromosome 12. The main clinical manifestations are global developmental delay, intellectual disability, epilepsy, dysmorphic features, hypopigmented and/or hyperpigmented lesions, and multiple congenital anomalies. PKS is associated with tissue mosaicism, which is difficult to diagnose through peripheral blood sample by conventional cytogenetic methods and fluorescence in situ hybridization. Methods Here, we report five patients with PKS. We delineate their clinical phenotypes and we compare them with previously published cases. We used array Comparative Genomic Hybridization (aCGH) with DNA extracted from peripheral blood samples. The five patients have also been tested by conventional cytogenetics techniques. Results Four out of five patients showed tetrasomy 12p by aCGH. Three of the four patients have typical i(12p) and one of the four demonstrated atypical tetrasomy 12p. The percentage of mosaicism was as low as 20%. Our cohort exhibited the typical PKS phenotypes. Conclusion Our results demonstrate the efficacy of aCGH for the diagnosis of PKS from DNA extracted from lymphocytes. Thus, for patients suspected of PKS, we recommend performing aCGH on lymphocytes at an early age before proceeding to skin biopsy. aCGH on peripheral blood samples is sensitive in detecting low level of mosaicism and it is less invasive method than skin biopsy. We reviewed also the literature concerning the previously published PKS patients diagnosed by aCGH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amerh Salem Alqahtani
- Department of Medical Genetics, Women Mothers and Children's Hospital, Lyon Hospices Civils, Lyon, France.,Ministry of Higher Education, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Audrey Putoux
- Department of Medical Genetics, Women Mothers and Children's Hospital, Lyon Hospices Civils, Lyon, France.,Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France.,CRNL, CNRS UMR 5292, INSERM U1028, Lyon, France
| | - Marie Noelle Bonnet Dupeyron
- Department of Medical Genetics, Women Mothers and Children's Hospital, Lyon Hospices Civils, Lyon, France.,Department of Genetics, Valence Hospital's Center, Valence, France
| | - Maryline Carneiro
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Women Mothers and Children's Hospital, Lyon Hospices Civils, Lyon, France
| | - Laurence Lion-Francois
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Women Mothers and Children's Hospital, Lyon Hospices Civils, Lyon, France
| | - Massimiliano Rossi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Women Mothers and Children's Hospital, Lyon Hospices Civils, Lyon, France.,CRNL, CNRS UMR 5292, INSERM U1028, Lyon, France
| | - Hélène Tevissen
- Department of Pediatrics, Valence Hospital's Center, Valence, France
| | - Caroline Schluth Bolard
- Department of Medical Genetics, Women Mothers and Children's Hospital, Lyon Hospices Civils, Lyon, France.,Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France.,CRNL, CNRS UMR 5292, INSERM U1028, Lyon, France
| | - Audrey Labalme
- Department of Medical Genetics, Women Mothers and Children's Hospital, Lyon Hospices Civils, Lyon, France
| | - Gaetan Lesca
- Department of Medical Genetics, Women Mothers and Children's Hospital, Lyon Hospices Civils, Lyon, France.,Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France.,CRNL, CNRS UMR 5292, INSERM U1028, Lyon, France
| | - Marianne Till
- Department of Medical Genetics, Women Mothers and Children's Hospital, Lyon Hospices Civils, Lyon, France
| | - Patrick Edery
- Department of Medical Genetics, Women Mothers and Children's Hospital, Lyon Hospices Civils, Lyon, France.,Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France.,CRNL, CNRS UMR 5292, INSERM U1028, Lyon, France
| | - Damien Sanlaville
- Department of Medical Genetics, Women Mothers and Children's Hospital, Lyon Hospices Civils, Lyon, France.,Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France.,CRNL, CNRS UMR 5292, INSERM U1028, Lyon, France
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Karaman B, Kayserili H, Ghanbari A, Uyguner ZO, Toksoy G, Altunoglu U, Basaran S. Pallister-Killian syndrome: clinical, cytogenetic and molecular findings in 15 cases. Mol Cytogenet 2018; 11:45. [PMID: 30140312 PMCID: PMC6098576 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-018-0395-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pallister Killian syndrome (PKS, OMIM 601803) is a rare genetic disorder with a distinct phenotype caused by tissue- limited mosaicism tetrasomy of the short arm of chromosome 12, which usually cytogenetically presents as an extra isochromosome 12p.Wide phenotypic variability in PKS has been reported, ranging from pre-to perinatal death due to multiple congenital anomalies, especially diaphragmatic hernia, and classic phenotypes including seizures, severe developmental delay, macrosomia at birth, deafness, and distinct dysmorphic features, such as coarse face, temporal alopecia, a small nose with anteverted nostrils, long philtrum, and hypo-/hyper- pigmented streaks on the skin. Results Karyotypes obtained from cultured peripheral lymphocytes of 13 cases, who were diagnosed as PKS, were normal, while karyotypes obtained from cultured skin samples and buccal mucosa revealed the supernumerary mosaic i(12p). Mosaic karyotype was found in both fibroblast and buccal mucosa in 14 of 15 patients in our series, whereas in one stillbirth, following the clinical diagnosis of PKS, skin and buccal smear samples were taken, and all karyotypes from cultured fibroblasts revealed a supernumerary i(12p), while I-FISH study showed 60% mosaicism in mucosal cells. Conclusions We here share the clinical, cytogenetic and molecular cytogenetic findings of 15 cases with PKS phenotype and the parental origin of seven i(12p) identified by molecular analyses. To our knowledge, this is the largest series of PKS patients with parental origin study from a single center. We believe that our study makes a significant contribution to the literature because we specifically found no differences in the phenotypes of cases with either a maternal or paternal origin of the extra element and differential imprinting appeared not to be a factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birsen Karaman
- 1Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Millet cad.34039 Capa, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Hülya Kayserili
- 1Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Millet cad.34039 Capa, İstanbul, Turkey.,2Medical Genetics Department & Genetic Diagnosis Center, Koç University School of Medicine, 34010 İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Asadollah Ghanbari
- 1Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Millet cad.34039 Capa, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Zehra Oya Uyguner
- 1Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Millet cad.34039 Capa, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Güven Toksoy
- 1Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Millet cad.34039 Capa, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Umut Altunoglu
- 1Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Millet cad.34039 Capa, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Seher Basaran
- 1Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Millet cad.34039 Capa, İstanbul, Turkey
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Kucińska-Chahwan A, Bijok J, Dąbkowska S, Jóźwiak A, Ilnicka A, Nowakowska B, Jakiel G, Roszkowski T. Targeted prenatal diagnosis of Pallister-Killian syndrome. Prenat Diagn 2017; 37:446-452. [PMID: 28233318 DOI: 10.1002/pd.5030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To present five new cases of prenatally diagnosed Pallister-Killian syndrome (PKS) and to propose an approach for a targeted diagnosis. METHOD We retrospectively analyzed ultrasound findings and cytogenetic results in PKS. We also searched through dysmorphology databases for features occurring in PKS that could potentially be seen in prenatal ultrasound examination. RESULTS On the basis of collected data, frequent and distinctive features in fetuses with PKS were established. The most appropriate material and method of testing were proposed. Rhizomelic limb shortening, diaphragmatic hernia, thickened nuchal fold, increased prenasal thickness, polydactyly and polyhydramnios were frequent and distinctive findings in fetuses with PKS. Amniocentesis was the most frequent prenatal procedure for material collection. Percentage of aneuploid cells was higher in amniotic fluid than in cord blood. Cytomolecular tests were useful as confirmation as well as preliminary tests. Cytogenetic identification of the isochromosome was done in all cases except one. CONCLUSIONS In case of ultrasound evaluation of features frequent and distinctive for PKS in second and third trimesters of pregnancy, targeted diagnosis should be considered. Amniotic fluid instead of cord blood collection is preferable. Communication with the laboratory is important because modification of routine procedures enhances a chance for correct diagnosis. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kucińska-Chahwan
- I Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Professor Witold Orłowski Independent Public Clinical Hospital - Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Julia Bijok
- I Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Professor Witold Orłowski Independent Public Clinical Hospital - Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sylwia Dąbkowska
- I Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Professor Witold Orłowski Independent Public Clinical Hospital - Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Jóźwiak
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alicja Ilnicka
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Beata Nowakowska
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Jakiel
- I Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Professor Witold Orłowski Independent Public Clinical Hospital - Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Roszkowski
- I Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Professor Witold Orłowski Independent Public Clinical Hospital - Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
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