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Park SY, Choi YS, Hwang YM, Yi JW. Robot-Assisted Parathyroidectomy Using Indocyanine Green (ICG) Fluorescence in Primary Hyperparathyroidism. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1456. [PMID: 37629746 PMCID: PMC10456807 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59081456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Surgical treatment for primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) has evolved from bilateral exploration through a long transcervical incision to focused parathyroidectomy with a minimal incision above the pathologic gland. Recently, endoscopic or robot-assisted parathyroid surgery without direct neck incision has been introduced. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence as a new method for the visual identification of abnormal hyperfunctioning parathyroid glands in robot-assisted parathyroidectomy using FireflyTM technology. We also aimed to conduct a comparative analysis between robot-assisted parathyroidectomy and conventional focused parathyroidectomy in order to identify clinical differences between the two surgical approaches. Materials and Methods: A total of 37 patients with PHPT underwent parathyroidectomy at a single university hospital between September 2018 and December 2022. Thirty-one patients underwent open focused parathyroidectomy (open group), and six patients underwent robot-assisted parathyroidectomy (robot group). Pre-operative localization via parathyroid SPECT-CT and an intraoperative parathyroid hormone (IOPTH) assay were used to successfully remove the pathologic parathyroid in both groups. ICG was administered only in the robot group. Results: Pathologic parathyroid showed a persistent fluorescence pattern under near-infrared vision. After the removal of the fluorescent parathyroid gland, IOPTH was normalized in all six patients in the robot group. However, the open group showed shorter hospital stays (1.8 ± 1.2 vs. 3.0 ± 0.0 days, p < 0.001) and shorter operation times (91.1 ± 69.1 vs. 152.5 ± 23.6 min, p = 0.001) than the robot group. After 6 months of surgery, PTH, calcium, and ionized calcium levels were all normalized without significant differences between the groups. Conclusions: Robot-assisted parathyroidectomy using ICG is helpful for the visual identification of the pathologic parathyroid gland. The advantage of robot parathyroidectomy is a better cosmetic outcome. However, it still does not show better clinical outcomes than conventional open focused parathyroidectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jin Wook Yi
- Department of Surgery, Inha University Hospital & College of Medicine, Incheon 22332, Republic of Korea
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2
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Saito Y, Ikeda Y, Takami H, Abdelhamid Ahmed AH, Nakao A, Katoh H, Ho K, Tomita M, Sato M, Tolley NS, Randolph GW. A scoping review of approaches used for remote-access parathyroidectomy: A contemporary review of techniques, tools, pros and cons. Head Neck 2022; 44:1976-1990. [PMID: 35467046 DOI: 10.1002/hed.27068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
After our coauthors described the first remote-access parathyroidectomy (RAP) series in 2000, several other approaches were developed. No systematic review has been performed to classify and evaluate RAP techniques. We performed a literature search using PubMed and Cochrane Library (CENTRAL). A total of 71 studies met our inclusion/exclusion criteria. RAP can be categorized into five approaches: (1) endoscopic and robotic axillary, (2) anterior chest, (3) transoral, (4) retroauricular, and (5) a combination of these approaches. The limited data in the literature suggest that the cure rates and safety of RAP are in no way inferior to those of open parathyroidectomy. Each approach has its advantages and disadvantages, and the recommendations for the selection of each approach are listed. The selection of approach methods might depend on the surgeon's experience and familiarity and the patient's preference and disease status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Saito
- Division of Thyroid and Parathyroid Endocrine Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Surgery, International Goodwill Hospital, Yokohama, Japan.,Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Ikeda
- Department of Surgery, International University of Health and Welfare, Atami Hospital, Atami, Japan
| | | | - Amr H Abdelhamid Ahmed
- Division of Thyroid and Parathyroid Endocrine Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Atsushi Nakao
- Department of Surgery Gastroenterology Center, International University of Health and Welfare, Mita Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Katoh
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Keiso Ho
- Department of Surgery, International Goodwill Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masato Tomita
- Department of Surgery, International Goodwill Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Michio Sato
- Department of Surgery, International Goodwill Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - Gregory W Randolph
- Division of Thyroid and Parathyroid Endocrine Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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3
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Pace-Asciak P, Russell JO, Dhillon VK. Intraoperative Neuromonitoring: Evaluating the Role of Continuous IONM and IONM Techniques for Emerging Surgical and Percutaneous Procedures. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:823117. [PMID: 35273568 PMCID: PMC8902817 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.823117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Continuous and intermittent intraoperative nerve monitoring (IONM) has become an important asset for endocrine surgeons over the past few decades. The ability to determine neurophysiologic integrity of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) and external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve (EBSLN) on top of identification and meticulous dissection of the nerve in the surgical field, has allowed for advances in technology and improved outcomes when it comes to prevention of vocal fold immobility. This article aims to compare in review continuous and intermittent nerve monitoring (CIONM, IIONM), as well as review the current paradigms of their use. This article will also discuss the future of intraoperative nerve monitoring technologies in scarless thyroid surgery and percutaneous approaches to thyroid pathology in form of radiofrequency ablation (RFA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Pace-Asciak
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jonathon O. Russell
- Division of Endocrine Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Vaninder K. Dhillon
- Division of Endocrine Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Vaninder K. Dhillon,
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4
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Kandil E, Hadedeya D, Shalaby M, Toraih E, Aparício D, Garstka M, Munshi R, Elnahla A, Russell JO, Aidan P. Robotic-assisted parathyroidectomy via transaxillary approach: feasibility and learning curves. Gland Surg 2021; 10:953-960. [PMID: 33842239 DOI: 10.21037/gs-20-761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Background There have been few reports of robotic-assisted transaxillary parathyroidectomy in the literature. We aim to report our experience with robotic-assisted transaxillary parathyroidectomy for primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) in the Western population. Methods A retrospective study was performed from July 2010 through July 2019 at two institutions, one in the United States and one in France. Demographic characteristics and perioperative data were collected for all patients undergoing robotic-assisted transaxillary parathyroidectomy by a single surgeon at each institution. A linear regression model was developed to describe the learning curve for this procedure at each institution. Results One-hundred and two patients with PHPT were included with a median age of 55.6±12.4 years and median body mass index (BMI) of 25.5±6.1 kg/m2. The majority of patients were female (80.4%). Median total operative time was 116±53 minutes. Minor complications were reported in 2 patients (1.96%), and one case was converted to a trans-cervical approach (TCA) for four-gland exploration. Median patient follow-up time was 6.5±12.2 months, and disease recurrence was reported in one patient. Calculated learning curves showed that one surgeon achieved proficiency by the eighth case, and the other achieved proficiency by the fourteenth case. Conclusions This is the largest reported experience of robotic-assisted transaxillary parathyroidectomy for PHPT in the Asian and Western population. Analysis of the procedural learning curve demonstrates that proficiency in this technique was achieved after performance of less than 15 surgeries. This procedure is safe and feasible in the hands of experienced surgeons for select patients with localized disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad Kandil
- Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Deena Hadedeya
- Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Mahmoud Shalaby
- Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Eman Toraih
- Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Genetic Unit, Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - David Aparício
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, American Hospital of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Meghan Garstka
- Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Ruhul Munshi
- Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Ahmed Elnahla
- Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Jonathon O Russell
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Patrick Aidan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, American Hospital of Paris, Paris, France
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5
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Russell JO, Razavi CR, Shaear M, Liu RH, Chen LW, Pace-Asciak P, Tanavde V, Tai KY, Ali K, Fondong A, Kim HY, Tufano RP. Transoral Thyroidectomy: Safety and Outcomes of 200 Consecutive North American Cases. World J Surg 2020; 45:774-781. [PMID: 33205227 DOI: 10.1007/s00268-020-05874-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND North American adoption of the transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy vestibular approach (TOETVA) has been limited due to concerns regarding the generalizability of published outcomes, as data are predominantly from Asian cohorts with a different body habitus. We describe our experience with TOETVA in a North American population in the context of the conventional transcervical approach thyroidectomy (TCA). STUDY DESIGN Cases of TOETVA and TCA were reviewed from August 2017 to March 2020 at a tertiary care center. Outcomes included operative time, major (permanent recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injury, permanent hypoparathyroidism, hematoma, conversion to open surgery), and minor complications. The TOETVA cohort was stratified into body mass index (BMI) classes of underweight/normal < 25 kg/m2, overweight 25-29.9 kg/m2, and obese ≥ 30 kg/m2 for comparative analysis. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed for odds of cumulative complication. RESULTS Two hundred TOETVA and 333 TCA cases were included. There was no difference in incidence of major complications between the TOETVA and TCA cohorts (1.5% vs. 2.1%, p = 0.75). No difference was found in the rate of temporary RLN injury (4.5% vs. 2.1%, p = 0.124) or temporary hypoparathyroidism (18.2% vs. 12.5%, p = 0.163) for TOETVA and TCA, respectively. Surgical technique (TOETVA vs TCA) did not alter the odds of cumulative complication (OR 0.69 95% CI [0.26-1.85]) on logistic regression analysis. In the TOETVA cohort, higher BMI did not lead to a significantly greater odds of cumulative complication, 0.52 (95% CI [0.17-1.58]) and 1.69 (95% CI [0.74-3.88]) for the overweight and obese groups, respectively. CONCLUSION TOETVA can be performed in a North American patient population without a difference in odds of complication compared to TCA. Higher BMI is not associated with greater likelihood of complication with TOETVA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathon O Russell
- Division of Head and Neck Endocrine Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 601 N. Caroline Street, 6th Floor, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
| | - Christopher R Razavi
- Division of Head and Neck Endocrine Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 601 N. Caroline Street, 6th Floor, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Mohammad Shaear
- Division of Head and Neck Endocrine Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 601 N. Caroline Street, 6th Floor, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Rui H Liu
- Division of Head and Neck Endocrine Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 601 N. Caroline Street, 6th Floor, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Lena W Chen
- Division of Head and Neck Endocrine Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 601 N. Caroline Street, 6th Floor, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Pia Pace-Asciak
- Division of Head and Neck Endocrine Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 601 N. Caroline Street, 6th Floor, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Ved Tanavde
- Division of Head and Neck Endocrine Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 601 N. Caroline Street, 6th Floor, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Katherine Y Tai
- Division of Head and Neck Endocrine Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 601 N. Caroline Street, 6th Floor, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Khalid Ali
- Division of Head and Neck Endocrine Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 601 N. Caroline Street, 6th Floor, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Akeweh Fondong
- Division of Head and Neck Endocrine Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 601 N. Caroline Street, 6th Floor, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Hoon Yub Kim
- Department of Surgery, KUMC Thyroid Center, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ralph P Tufano
- Division of Head and Neck Endocrine Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 601 N. Caroline Street, 6th Floor, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
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6
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Paspala A, Spartalis E, Nastos C, Tsourouflis G, Dimitroulis D, Pikoulis E, Nikiteas N. Robotic-assisted parathyroidectomy and short-term outcomes: a systematic review of the literature. J Robot Surg 2020; 14:821-827. [PMID: 32661866 DOI: 10.1007/s11701-020-01119-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Minimal invasive techniques in endocrine surgery were lately adopted by surgical teams due to significant complications related to inadequate operative space and high risk of injuring crucial surrounding structures, such as vessels and nerves. Over the last years, technological improvements introduced robotic systems and approaches in endocrine surgery. Several case reports and series have described the safety and efficacy of these procedures such as robotic thyroidectomy and robotic parathyroidectomy. In the current review, we included 15 studies which described robotic-assisted parathyroidectomy for cervical parathyroid adenoma, in patients diagnosed with primary hyperparathyroidism or secondary hyperparathyroidism. No significant negative short-term outcomes were observed, in terms of postoperative complications, such as temporary or permanent injury of RLN, postoperative hypoparathyroidism and blood loss. The cosmetic result was, definitely, superior in comparison to conventional open parathyroidectomy. Despite the fact that RAP is an effective and curative method for patients with PHPT or secondary hyperparathyroidism, there are no available randomized clinical trials to establish this modern procedure as a gold-standard treatment strategy for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Paspala
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
- 3rd Department of Surgery, Medical School, Attikon Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
| | - E Spartalis
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - C Nastos
- 3rd Department of Surgery, Medical School, Attikon Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - G Tsourouflis
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- 2nd Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, Laiko General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - D Dimitroulis
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- 2nd Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, Laiko General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - E Pikoulis
- 3rd Department of Surgery, Medical School, Attikon Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - N Nikiteas
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- 2nd Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, Laiko General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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7
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Vidal O, Saavedra-Perez D, Vilaça J, Pantoja JP, Delgado-Oliver E, Lopez-Boado MA, Fondevila C. Cirugía endocrina cervical mínimamente invasiva. Cir Esp 2019; 97:305-313. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ciresp.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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8
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Feng W, Li Y, Li X, Li L. Levobupivacaine Infiltration with Midazolam Sedation vs. Propofol-based General Anesthesia for Minimal Invasive Parathyroidectomy. INT J PHARMACOL 2018. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2019.84.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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9
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Arora A, Garas G, Tolley N. Robotic Parathyroid Surgery: Current Perspectives and Future Considerations. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec 2018; 80:195-203. [PMID: 29788003 DOI: 10.1159/000488355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Robotic parathyroidectomy represents a novel surgical approach in the treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism when the parathyroid adenoma has been pre-operatively localised. It represents the "fourth generation" in the evolution of parathyroid surgery following a process of surgical evolution from cervicotomy and 4-gland exploration to a variety of minimally invasive, open and endoscopic, targeted approaches. The existing evidence (levels 2-3) supports it as a feasible and safe technique with equivalent results to targeted open parathyroidectomy for primary hyperparathyroidism in carefully selected patients. However, it takes longer to perform and is more costly than conventional parathyroidectomy. It offers superior cosmesis by completely avoiding a neck scar making it a valid option for those patients who for biological and/or cultural reasons may wish to avoid a neck scar. Robotic parathyroidectomy is not for every patient, surgeon, or hospital. Its application should be confined to high-volume centres and experienced surgeons. Intensive training and proctorship are required for its safe implementation combined with careful patient selection. This particularly relates to the patient's body habitus (BMI < 30 kg/m2) and concordance among the different imaging modalities used pre-operatively. With robotic market competition driving down costs, its role may change. For now, robotic parathyroidectomy occupies a niche role and can only be justified in a select subset of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asit Arora
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - George Garas
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, St. Mary's Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United .,Department of Surgical Research and Innovation, Royal College of Surgeons of England, London, United
| | - Neil Tolley
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, St. Mary's Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
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10
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Revisiting robotic approaches to endocrine neoplasia: do the data support their continued use? Curr Opin Oncol 2016; 28:26-36. [PMID: 26632768 DOI: 10.1097/cco.0000000000000245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Although the advent of the robot has revolutionized the modern treatment of endocrine neoplasia, substantial controversies exist on its applicability, safety and benefits over the conventional laparoscopic operations. The present review aims to review the recent literature on various robotic approaches in treating thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal and pancreatic endocrine neoplasia and see whether its continued use should be supported. RECENT FINDINGS In summary, the role of robotic thyroidectomy has been clearly established and should be continued by experienced surgeons on selected patients. Because of the limited availability of evidence, the feasibility of robotic parathyroidectomy has yet to be elucidated. With proven favorable perioperative outcomes, robotic adrenalectomy and pancreatectomy should be continued as potential alternatives to conventional surgery. SUMMARY Robotic endocrine procedures still play a pivotal role in minimally invasive endocrine surgery with demonstrable safety and effectiveness. Future research should embark on prospective randomized-controlled trials on robotic endocrine procedures to collect higher level of evidence and long-term survival data.
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11
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Laird AM, Libutti SK. Minimally Invasive Parathyroidectomy Versus Bilateral Neck Exploration for Primary Hyperparathyroidism. Surg Oncol Clin N Am 2016; 25:103-18. [PMID: 26610777 DOI: 10.1016/j.soc.2015.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Primary hyperparathyroidism is a disease that is caused by excess parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion from 1 or more of the parathyroid glands. Surgery is the only cure. Traditional surgical management consists of a 4-gland cervical exploration. Development of imaging specific to identification of parathyroid glands and application of the rapid PTH assay to operative management have made more minimal exploration possible. There are distinct advantages and disadvantages of minimally invasive parathyroidectomy (MIP) and bilateral neck exploration (BNE). The advantages of MIP seem to outweigh those of BNE, and MIP has replaced BNE as the operation of choice by many surgeons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M Laird
- Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Greene Medical Arts Pavilion, 3400 Bainbridge Avenue, 4th Floor, Bronx, NY 10467, USA.
| | - Steven K Libutti
- Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Greene Medical Arts Pavilion, 3400 Bainbridge Avenue, 4th Floor, Bronx, NY 10467, USA
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12
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Brunaud L, Li Z, Van Den Heede K, Cuny T, Van Slycke S. Endoscopic and robotic parathyroidectomy in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. Gland Surg 2016; 5:352-60. [PMID: 27294044 DOI: 10.21037/gs.2016.01.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is one of the most common endocrine disorders for which parathyroidectomy is the most effective therapy. Until late 1970s, the standard approach to parathyroidectomy was a four-gland exploration using a large skin incision. However, 80 to 85 percent of cases of PHPT are caused by a single adenoma. As such, the concept of performing a bilateral exploration in order to visualize all four glands has been argued to be excessive since in the majority of cases, there is only one abnormal gland. Focused exploration (one gland) is currently the standard technique for parathyroidectomy worldwide. Despite a rapid acceptance of minimally invasive approaches in most endocrine surgery centers, the use of an endoscope with or without the use of a robotic system to perform parathyroidectomy remains controversial. The goal of this study was to review current available data about surgical approaches using an endoscope with or without the use of a robotic system in the management of patients with PHPT. For conventional endoscopic and video assisted parathyroidectomy, several comparative studies have demonstrated some advantages in terms of reduced postoperative pain, better cosmetic results and higher patient satisfaction compared to open non-endoscopic minimally invasive parathyroidectomy. Robot-assisted transaxillary parathyroidectomy has the advantage of leaving no scar in the neck but its role has not yet been delineated clearly given the limited number of published series. Subjective postoperative cosmetic evaluation is good by concealing the scar in the axilla or infraclavicular area. However, this approach is associated with more extensive dissection than during conventional open or endoscopic neck access surgical procedures. Patients with true ectopic mediastinal parathyroid glands are good candidates for conventional or robot-assisted thoracoscopic approaches because these glands are in remote and narrow anatomical locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Brunaud
- 1 Department of Digestive, Hepato-Biliary and Endocrine Surgery, Université de Lorraine, CHU Nancy (Hopital Brabois Adultes), 54511 Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France ; 2 INSERM U954, Université de Lorraine, Faculté de médecine, 54511 Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France ; 3 Department of General Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China ; 4 Department of General and Endocrine Surgery, Onze-Lieve-Vrouw Clinic, Aalst, Belgium ; 5 Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium ; 6 Department of Endocrinology, Université de Lorraine, CHU Nancy (Hopital Brabois Adultes), 54511 Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France
| | - Zhen Li
- 1 Department of Digestive, Hepato-Biliary and Endocrine Surgery, Université de Lorraine, CHU Nancy (Hopital Brabois Adultes), 54511 Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France ; 2 INSERM U954, Université de Lorraine, Faculté de médecine, 54511 Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France ; 3 Department of General Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China ; 4 Department of General and Endocrine Surgery, Onze-Lieve-Vrouw Clinic, Aalst, Belgium ; 5 Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium ; 6 Department of Endocrinology, Université de Lorraine, CHU Nancy (Hopital Brabois Adultes), 54511 Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France
| | - Klaas Van Den Heede
- 1 Department of Digestive, Hepato-Biliary and Endocrine Surgery, Université de Lorraine, CHU Nancy (Hopital Brabois Adultes), 54511 Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France ; 2 INSERM U954, Université de Lorraine, Faculté de médecine, 54511 Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France ; 3 Department of General Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China ; 4 Department of General and Endocrine Surgery, Onze-Lieve-Vrouw Clinic, Aalst, Belgium ; 5 Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium ; 6 Department of Endocrinology, Université de Lorraine, CHU Nancy (Hopital Brabois Adultes), 54511 Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France
| | - Thomas Cuny
- 1 Department of Digestive, Hepato-Biliary and Endocrine Surgery, Université de Lorraine, CHU Nancy (Hopital Brabois Adultes), 54511 Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France ; 2 INSERM U954, Université de Lorraine, Faculté de médecine, 54511 Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France ; 3 Department of General Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China ; 4 Department of General and Endocrine Surgery, Onze-Lieve-Vrouw Clinic, Aalst, Belgium ; 5 Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium ; 6 Department of Endocrinology, Université de Lorraine, CHU Nancy (Hopital Brabois Adultes), 54511 Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France
| | - Sam Van Slycke
- 1 Department of Digestive, Hepato-Biliary and Endocrine Surgery, Université de Lorraine, CHU Nancy (Hopital Brabois Adultes), 54511 Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France ; 2 INSERM U954, Université de Lorraine, Faculté de médecine, 54511 Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France ; 3 Department of General Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China ; 4 Department of General and Endocrine Surgery, Onze-Lieve-Vrouw Clinic, Aalst, Belgium ; 5 Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium ; 6 Department of Endocrinology, Université de Lorraine, CHU Nancy (Hopital Brabois Adultes), 54511 Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France
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Abstract
Robot assisted thyroid surgery has been the latest advance in the evolution of thyroid surgery after endoscopy assisted procedures. The advantage of a superior field vision and technical advancements of robotic technology have permitted novel remote access (trans-axillary and retro-auricular) surgical approaches. Interestingly, several remote access surgical ports using robot surgical system and endoscopic technique have been customized to avoid the social stigma of a visible scar. Current literature has displayed their various advantages in terms of post-operative outcomes; however, the associated financial burden and also additional training and expertise necessary hinder its widespread adoption into endocrine surgery practices. These approaches offer excellent cosmesis, with a shorter learning curve and reduce discomfort to surgeons operating ergonomically through a robotic console. This review aims to provide details of various remote access techniques that are being offered for thyroid resection. Though these have been reported to be safe and feasible approaches for thyroid surgery, further evaluation for their efficacy still remains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisha Bhatia
- 1 Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA ; 2 Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Hossam Eldin Mohamed
- 1 Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA ; 2 Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Abida Kadi
- 1 Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA ; 2 Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Emad Kandil
- 1 Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA ; 2 Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Rohan R Walvekar
- 1 Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA ; 2 Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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Abstract
Traditionally, bilateral cervical exploration for localization of all four parathyroid glands and removal of any that are grossly enlarged has been the standard surgical treatment for primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). With the advances in preoperative localization studies and greater public demand for less invasive procedures, novel targeted, minimally invasive techniques to the parathyroid glands have been described and practiced over the past 2 decades. Minimally invasive parathyroidectomy (MIP) can be done either through the standard Kocher incision, a smaller midline incision, with video assistance (purely endoscopic and video-assisted techniques), or through an ectopically placed, extracervical, incision. In current practice, once PHPT is diagnosed, preoperative evaluation using high-resolution radiographic imaging to localize the offending parathyroid gland is essential if MIP is to be considered. The imaging study results suggest where the surgeon should begin the focused procedure and serve as a road map to allow tailoring of an efficient, imaging-guided dissection while eliminating the unnecessary dissection of multiple glands or a bilateral exploration. Intraoperative parathyroid hormone (IOPTH) levels may be measured during the procedure, or a gamma probe used during radioguided parathyroidectomy, to ascertain that the correct gland has been excised and that no other hyperfunctional tissue is present. MIP has many advantages over the traditional bilateral, four-gland exploration. MIP can be performed using local anesthesia, requires less operative time, results in fewer complications, and offers an improved cosmetic result and greater patient satisfaction. Additional advantages of MIP are earlier hospital discharge and decreased overall associated costs. This article aims to address the considerations for accomplishing MIP, including the role of preoperative imaging studies, intraoperative adjuncts, and surgical techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salem I Noureldine
- Division of Head and Neck Endocrine Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Zhen Gooi
- Division of Head and Neck Endocrine Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Ralph P Tufano
- Division of Head and Neck Endocrine Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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15
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Mohamed HE, Bhatia P, Aslam R, Moulthrop T, Kandil E. Robotic transaxillary and retroauricular parathyroid surgery. Gland Surg 2015; 4:420-8. [PMID: 26425455 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2227-684x.2015.04.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Current advancement in robotic surgery has provided a safe, precise, 3-dimensional (3D) magnified dissection for parathyroid surgery without the need for CO2 insufflation, and with a better cosmetic outcome due to an invisible scar in the axillary or retroauricular region. Preoperative imaging studies that assist in the localization of lesions have been key elements in patients' selection for targeted parathyroid surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossam Eldin Mohamed
- 1 Department of Surgery, 2 Department of Otolaryngology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Parisha Bhatia
- 1 Department of Surgery, 2 Department of Otolaryngology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Rizwan Aslam
- 1 Department of Surgery, 2 Department of Otolaryngology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Thomas Moulthrop
- 1 Department of Surgery, 2 Department of Otolaryngology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Emad Kandil
- 1 Department of Surgery, 2 Department of Otolaryngology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
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16
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Ibrahim Y, Mohamed SE, Deniwar A, Al-Qurayshi ZH, Kandil E. Lithium-Associated Hyperparathyroidism: A Pooled Analysis. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec 2015; 77:273-80. [DOI: 10.1159/000431230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Tolley N, Garas G, Palazzo F, Prichard A, Chaidas K, Cox J, Darzi A, Arora A. Long-term prospective evaluation comparing robotic parathyroidectomy with minimally invasive open parathyroidectomy for primary hyperparathyroidism. Head Neck 2015; 38 Suppl 1:E300-6. [PMID: 25545792 DOI: 10.1002/hed.23990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Targeted parathyroidectomy is a popular technique for localized pathology. No single technique is established as superior. The purpose of this study was to compare robotic-assisted parathyroidectomy (RAP) with the most common approach. METHODS This was a prospective, nonrandomized study. Fifteen consecutive patients who underwent RAP were compared to 15 matched controls undergoing focused lateral parathyroidectomy (FLP). RESULTS Biochemical cure occurred in 29 of 30 patients (97%). No major complications occurred, although there was 1 robotic conversion. RAP demonstrated a significant time reduction (R(2) = 0.436; p = .01) but took much longer to perform than FLP (119 minutes vs 34 minutes; p = .001). RAP was associated with less initial postoperative pain (p = .036) and higher satisfaction with scar cosmesis (p = .002) until 6 months. Quality of life (QOL) improved in both groups (p = .007). CONCLUSION RAP provides superior early cosmesis with equivalent global health improvement compared to FLP. The high cost and learning curve may preclude widespread adoption. Further evaluation is necessary to establish its clinical efficacy regarding scar cosmesis. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E300-E7, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Tolley
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, St. Mary's Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - George Garas
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, St. Mary's Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fausto Palazzo
- Department of Endocrine and Thyroid Surgery, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexa Prichard
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, St. Mary's Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Konstantinos Chaidas
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, St. Mary's Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy Cox
- Department of Endocrinology, St. Mary's Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ara Darzi
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Asit Arora
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, St. Mary's Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
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18
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Is robotic parathyroidectomy a feasible and safe alternative to targeted open parathyroidectomy for the treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism? Int J Surg 2015; 15:55-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2015.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Revised: 11/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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19
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Robotic Surgery in Otolaryngology: Endocrine. CURRENT OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY REPORTS 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s40136-013-0024-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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