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Qin H, Moore RF, Ho CY, Eshleman J, Eberhart CG, Cuda J. Endocrine mucin-producing sweat gland carcinoma: A study of 11 cases with molecular analysis. J Cutan Pathol 2018; 45:681-687. [PMID: 29943394 DOI: 10.1111/cup.13308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endocrine mucin-producing sweat gland carcinoma (EMPSGC) is a rare, low-grade adnexal neoplasm that most commonly involves the eyelid. Analogous to solid papillary carcinoma of the breast, it probably represents a precursor lesion to mucinous carcinoma. Here, we describe 11 cases of EMPSGC with molecular analysis. METHODS We performed a retrospective search of the Johns Hopkins Medical Institute pathology database and identified 11 cases of EMPSGC. Immunohistochemistry was performed for chromogranin, synaptophysin, neuron specific enolase, estrogen receptor (ER), epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), cytokeratin 7 (CK7), and cytokeratin 20 (CK20). Array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) and BRAFV600E pyrosequencing were performed on two and three cases, respectively. RESULTS We observed a strong female predilection (73% females, 8/11 cases) with an average age of 66 years (range, 56-83 years). EMPSGCs were associated with adjacent benign sweat gland cysts (3/11), atypical intraductal proliferation (1/11), and mucinous carcinoma (1/11). Immunohistochemically, all tumors expressed at least one neuroendocrine marker, ER, EMA, and CK7, and were negative for CK20. aCGH demonstrated a 6p11.2 to 6q16.1 deletion (1/2 cases). All cases were negative for BRAFV600E mutation (3/3 cases). CONCLUSION This series provides further histopathologic support that EMPSGC represents a multistage progression to mucinous carcinoma. Additional studies are needed to understand its molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huamin Qin
- Department of Pathology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- Department of Pathology, Ophthalmology and Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Robert F Moore
- Department of Pathology, Ophthalmology and Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Cheng-Ying Ho
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - James Eshleman
- Department of Pathology, Ophthalmology and Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Charles G Eberhart
- Department of Pathology, Ophthalmology and Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jonathan Cuda
- Department of Dermatology, Dermatopathology and Oral Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
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Engwerda A, Frentz B, den Ouden AL, Flapper BCT, Swertz MA, Gerkes EH, Plantinga M, Dijkhuizen T, van Ravenswaaij-Arts CMA. The phenotypic spectrum of proximal 6q deletions based on a large cohort derived from social media and literature reports. Eur J Hum Genet 2018; 26:1478-1489. [PMID: 29904178 PMCID: PMC6138703 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-018-0172-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Proximal 6q (6q11-q15) deletions are extremely rare and little is known about their phenotypic consequences. Since parents and caregivers now use social media to seek information on rare disorders, the Chromosome 6 Project has successfully collaborated with a Facebook group to collect data on individuals worldwide. Here we describe a cohort of 20 newly identified individuals and 25 literature cases with a proximal 6q deletion. Microarray results and phenotype data were reported directly by parents via a multilingual online questionnaire. This led to phenotype descriptions for five subregions of proximal 6q deletions; comparing the subgroups revealed that 6q11q14.1 deletions presented less severe clinical characteristics than 6q14.2q15 deletions. Gastroesophageal reflux, tracheo/laryngo/bronchomalacia, congenital heart defects, cerebral defects, seizures, and vision and respiratory problems were predominant in those with 6q14.2q15 deletions. Problems related to connective tissue (hypermobility, hernias and foot deformities) were predominantly seen in deletions including the COL12A1 gene (6q13). Congenital heart defects could be linked to deletions of MAP3K7 (6q15) or TBX18 (6q14.3). We further discuss the role of ten genes known or assumed to be related to developmental delay and/or autism (BAI3, RIMS1, KCNQ5, HTR1B, PHIP, SYNCRIP, HTR1E, ZNF292, AKIRIN2 and EPHA7). The most influential gene on the neurodevelopmental phenotype seems to be SYNCRIP (6q14.3), while deletions that include more than two of these genes led to more severe developmental delay. We demonstrate that approaching individuals via social media and collecting data directly from parents is a successful strategy, resulting in better information to counsel families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aafke Engwerda
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara Frentz
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Vanboeijen, Assen, The Netherlands
| | - A Lya den Ouden
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Boudien C T Flapper
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Morris A Swertz
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Erica H Gerkes
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mirjam Plantinga
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Trijnie Dijkhuizen
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Parmeggiani G, Bigoni S, Buldrini B, Garani G, Clauser L, Galiè M, Ferlini A, Fini S. Double Interstitial Deletion of the Long Arm of Chromosome 6 in a Patient with Pierre Robin Sequence, Dysmorphisms, and Severe Developmental Delay. Mol Syndromol 2017; 9:30-37. [PMID: 29456481 DOI: 10.1159/000480159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Reported here is the case of a 1.8-year-old boy with a 9.6- Mb deletion in 6q13q14.1 and an 11.2-Mb deletion in 6q21q22.31, ascertained through array CGH, as the result of a complex de novo chromosome rearrangement. The clinical picture of this patient is characterized by severe psychomotor delay, dysmorphic features, and some congenital defects. Although, as reported in the literature, phenotypes associated with 6q deletions may vary, an attempt was made to associate the patient's symptoms to either deletion, comparing them to previously reported cases. Only a limited specific correlation was found, probably due to the prevalence of very common symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Parmeggiani
- UOL of Medical Genetics, Department of Reproduction and Growth and Department of Medical Science, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Stefania Bigoni
- UOL of Medical Genetics, Department of Reproduction and Growth and Department of Medical Science, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Barbara Buldrini
- UOL of Medical Genetics, Department of Reproduction and Growth and Department of Medical Science, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Garani
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Neonatology, Department of Reproduction and Growth and Department of Medical Science, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Luigi Clauser
- Cranio-Orbito-Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, University Hospital S. Anna, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Manilo Galiè
- Cranio-Orbito-Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, University Hospital S. Anna, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandra Ferlini
- UOL of Medical Genetics, Department of Reproduction and Growth and Department of Medical Science, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Sergio Fini
- UOL of Medical Genetics, Department of Reproduction and Growth and Department of Medical Science, Ferrara, Italy
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4
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Quintela I, Fernandez-Prieto M, Gomez-Guerrero L, Resches M, Eiris J, Barros F, Carracedo A. A 6q14.1-q15 microdeletion in a male patient with severe autistic disorder, lack of oral language, and dysmorphic features with concomitant presence of a maternally inherited Xp22.31 copy number gain. Clin Case Rep 2015; 3:415-23. [PMID: 26185640 PMCID: PMC4498854 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on a male patient with severe autistic disorder, lack of oral language, and dysmorphic features who carries a rare interstitial microdeletion of 4.96 Mb at chromosome 6q14.1-q15. The patient also harbors a maternally inherited copy number gain of 1.69 Mb at chromosome Xp22.31, whose pathogenicity is under debate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Quintela
- Grupo de Medicina Xenomica, Centro Nacional de Genotipado - Plataforma de Recursos Biomoleculares y Bioinformaticos - Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CeGen-PRB2-ISCIII), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Montse Fernandez-Prieto
- Grupo de Medicina Xenomica, CIBERER, Fundacion Publica Galega de Medicina Xenomica - SERGAS Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Lorena Gomez-Guerrero
- Grupo de Medicina Xenomica, CIBERER, Fundacion Publica Galega de Medicina Xenomica - SERGAS Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Mariela Resches
- Departamento de Psicologia Evolutiva y de la Educacion, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jesus Eiris
- Unidad de Neurologia Pediatrica, Departamento de Pediatria, Hospital Clinico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Francisco Barros
- Grupo de Medicina Xenomica, CIBERER, Fundacion Publica Galega de Medicina Xenomica - SERGAS Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Angel Carracedo
- Grupo de Medicina Xenomica, Centro Nacional de Genotipado - Plataforma de Recursos Biomoleculares y Bioinformaticos - Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CeGen-PRB2-ISCIII), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela, Spain ; Grupo de Medicina Xenomica, CIBERER, Fundacion Publica Galega de Medicina Xenomica - SERGAS Santiago de Compostela, Spain ; Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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5
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Thomas AC, Williams H, Setó-Salvia N, Bacchelli C, Jenkins D, O'Sullivan M, Mengrelis K, Ishida M, Ocaka L, Chanudet E, James C, Lescai F, Anderson G, Morrogh D, Ryten M, Duncan AJ, Pai YJ, Saraiva JM, Ramos F, Farren B, Saunders D, Vernay B, Gissen P, Straatmaan-Iwanowska A, Baas F, Wood NW, Hersheson J, Houlden H, Hurst J, Scott R, Bitner-Glindzicz M, Moore GE, Sousa SB, Stanier P. Mutations in SNX14 cause a distinctive autosomal-recessive cerebellar ataxia and intellectual disability syndrome. Am J Hum Genet 2014; 95:611-21. [PMID: 25439728 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2014.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Intellectual disability and cerebellar atrophy occur together in a large number of genetic conditions and are frequently associated with microcephaly and/or epilepsy. Here we report the identification of causal mutations in Sorting Nexin 14 (SNX14) found in seven affected individuals from three unrelated consanguineous families who presented with recessively inherited moderate-severe intellectual disability, cerebellar ataxia, early-onset cerebellar atrophy, sensorineural hearing loss, and the distinctive association of progressively coarsening facial features, relative macrocephaly, and the absence of seizures. We used homozygosity mapping and whole-exome sequencing to identify a homozygous nonsense mutation and an in-frame multiexon deletion in two families. A homozygous splice site mutation was identified by Sanger sequencing of SNX14 in a third family, selected purely by phenotypic similarity. This discovery confirms that these characteristic features represent a distinct and recognizable syndrome. SNX14 encodes a cellular protein containing Phox (PX) and regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) domains. Weighted gene coexpression network analysis predicts that SNX14 is highly coexpressed with genes involved in cellular protein metabolism and vesicle-mediated transport. All three mutations either directly affected the PX domain or diminished SNX14 levels, implicating a loss of normal cellular function. This manifested as increased cytoplasmic vacuolation as observed in cultured fibroblasts. Our findings indicate an essential role for SNX14 in neural development and function, particularly in development and maturation of the cerebellum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna C Thomas
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Hywel Williams
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK; Centre for Translational Omics-GOSgene, UCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Núria Setó-Salvia
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Chiara Bacchelli
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK; Centre for Translational Omics-GOSgene, UCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Dagan Jenkins
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Mary O'Sullivan
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | | | - Miho Ishida
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Louise Ocaka
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK; Centre for Translational Omics-GOSgene, UCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Estelle Chanudet
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK; Centre for Translational Omics-GOSgene, UCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Chela James
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK; Centre for Translational Omics-GOSgene, UCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Francesco Lescai
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK; Centre for Translational Omics-GOSgene, UCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK; Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Glenn Anderson
- Histopathology Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Deborah Morrogh
- NE Thames Regional Genetics Laboratory Service, London WC1N 3BH, UK
| | - Mina Ryten
- UCL Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK; Department of Clinical Genetics, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Andrew J Duncan
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Yun Jin Pai
- Developmental Biology and Cancer, UCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Jorge M Saraiva
- Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital Pediátrico, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, 3000-602 Coimbra, Portugal; University Clinic of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-602 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Fabiana Ramos
- Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital Pediátrico, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, 3000-602 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Bernadette Farren
- Clinical Genetics, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Dawn Saunders
- Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Bertrand Vernay
- Developmental Biology and Cancer, UCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Paul Gissen
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | | | - Frank Baas
- Department of Genome Analysis, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Jane Hurst
- Clinical Genetics, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Richard Scott
- Clinical Genetics, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Maria Bitner-Glindzicz
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK; Clinical Genetics, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Gudrun E Moore
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Sérgio B Sousa
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK; Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital Pediátrico, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, 3000-602 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Philip Stanier
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK.
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