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Clark J, Fotopoulou C, Cunnea P, Krell J. Novel Ex Vivo Models of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: The Future of Biomarker and Therapeutic Research. Front Oncol 2022; 12:837233. [PMID: 35402223 PMCID: PMC8990887 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.837233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is a heterogenous disease associated with variations in presentation, pathology and prognosis. Advanced EOC is typified by frequent relapse and a historical 5-year survival of less than 30% despite improvements in surgical and systemic treatment. The advent of next generation sequencing has led to notable advances in the field of personalised medicine for many cancer types. Success in achieving cure in advanced EOC has however been limited, although significant prolongation of survival has been demonstrated. Development of novel research platforms is therefore necessary to address the rapidly advancing field of early diagnostics and therapeutics, whilst also acknowledging the significant tumour heterogeneity associated with EOC. Within available tumour models, patient-derived organoids (PDO) and explant tumour slices have demonstrated particular promise as novel ex vivo systems to model different cancer types including ovarian cancer. PDOs are organ specific 3D tumour cultures that can accurately represent the histology and genomics of their native tumour, as well as offer the possibility as models for pharmaceutical drug testing platforms, offering timing advantages and potential use as prospective personalised models to guide clinical decision-making. Such applications could maximise the benefit of drug treatments to patients on an individual level whilst minimising use of less effective, yet toxic, therapies. PDOs are likely to play a greater role in both academic research and drug development in the future and have the potential to revolutionise future patient treatment and clinical trial pathways. Similarly, ex vivo tumour slices or explants have also shown recent renewed promise in their ability to provide a fast, specific, platform for drug testing that accurately represents in vivo tumour response. Tumour explants retain tissue architecture, and thus incorporate the majority of tumour microenvironment making them an attractive method to re-capitulate in vivo conditions, again with significant timing and personalisation of treatment advantages for patients. This review will discuss the current treatment landscape and research models for EOC, their development and new advances towards the discovery of novel biomarkers or combinational therapeutic strategies to increase treatment options for women with ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Clark
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christina Fotopoulou
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,West London Gynaecological Cancer Centre, Imperial College NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paula Cunnea
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Krell
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Nie Y, Wang S, Yu Y, Zuo X, Xiong B. The effect of miR-223 on cellular behaviour in non-5q myelodysplastic syndromes through targeting RPS14. Pathology 2020; 52:552-560. [PMID: 32571542 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2020.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are characterised by impaired haematopoiesis and a high risk of leukaemic transformation. A decrease in RPS14 expression in non-5q MDS patients was confirmed by immunohistochemical analyses of MDS bone marrow biopsies. To determine the cause of RPS14 reduction in non-5q MDS, we analysed the 3'-UTR of RPS14 and demonstrated that miR-223 binds to the 3'-UTR of RPS14 by bioinformatics-based approach combined with the luciferase reporter assay. Using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis, we observed a significantly increased expression of miR-223 in CD34+ cells and SKM-1 cells derived from non-5q MDS patients in vitro and demonstrated a correlation between miR-223 levels and red blood cell counts. Exogenous miR-223 expression in SKM-1 cells could also inhibit RPS14 expression. In functional studies, overexpression of miR-223 was shown to promote cell proliferation and inhibit cell apoptosis in SKM-1 cells, and to impair erythroid differentiation in haemin-induced K562 cells. Taken together, our results revealed that the overexpression of miR-223 in MDS is closely associated with cell transformation and erythroid differentiation arrest, which is most likely mediated by targeting RPS14.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbo Nie
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Sino-us-diagnostics, Tianjin, China
| | - Shixuan Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yalan Yu
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuelan Zuo
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bei Xiong
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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Cariati F, Jaroudi S, Alfarawati S, Raberi A, Alviggi C, Pivonello R, Wells D. Investigation of sperm telomere length as a potential marker of paternal genome integrity and semen quality. Reprod Biomed Online 2016; 33:404-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Salari A, Thomay K, Himmler K, Vajen B, Schienke A, Hagedorn M, Ebersold J, Kreipe HH, Krüger A, Schambach A, Schlegelberger B, Göhring G. Establishing a murine xenograft-model for long-term analysis of factors inducing chromosomal instability in myelodysplastic syndrome: Pitfalls and successes. Cancer Genet 2016; 209:258-66. [PMID: 27184732 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are difficult to culture long-term showing the need of a model to study the fate of cells with MDS-abnormalities associated with chromosomal instability (CIN). This approach to establish a xenograft model transplanting human hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) with different independent lentivirally-mediated MDS-related modifications into immunodeficient mice is a long-lasting and tedious experiment with many parameters and every positive as well as non-functioning intermediate step will help the research community. As the establishment of appropriate xenograft models is increasing worldwide we aim to share our experiences to contribute toward minimizing loss of mice and following the "right" approach. Here, modified HSCs were intrafemorally transplanted into NSG and/or NSGS mice: (1) RPS14-haploinsufficiency, (2) TP53-deficiency, (3) TP53 hotspot mutations (R248W, R175H, R273H, R249S). Engraftment was achieved and cytogenetic analyses showed human cells with normal karyotypes. However, in all experiments with NSG mice, mainly control cells or GFP-negative cells were engrafted, not allowing observation of modified HSCs. In NSGS mice, engraftment rate was higher, but mice developed graft-versus-host disease. In summary, engraftment of HSCs is promising and could be used to analyze the induction of CIN. However, the analysis of modified HSCs is limited and further experiments are required to improve this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam Salari
- Institute of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Kathrin Thomay
- Institute of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Kirsten Himmler
- Institute of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Beate Vajen
- Institute of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Andrea Schienke
- Institute of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Maike Hagedorn
- Institute of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Juliane Ebersold
- Institute of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Hans-Heinrich Kreipe
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas Krüger
- Institute of Molecular Medicine. Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Axel Schambach
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Brigitte Schlegelberger
- Institute of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Gudrun Göhring
- Institute of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
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Rodríguez-Ribera L, Corredor Z, Sandoval SB, Coll E, Silva I, Diaz JM, Ballarin J, Marcos R, Pastor S. Radiosensitivity in patients suffering from chronic kidney disease. Int J Radiat Biol 2014; 91:172-8. [PMID: 25219678 DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2015.959670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Patients suffering from chronic kidney disease (CKD) exhibit a high incidence of cancer, as well as high levels of genetic damage. We hypothesized that these patients show genomic instability detected as an increased chromosomal radiosensitivity in front of the genetic damage induced by ionizing radiation. MATERIAL AND METHODS The background levels of genetic damage and the net genetic damage after in vitro irradiation with 0.5 Gy were analyzed using the micronucleus (MN) assay in peripheral blood lymphocytes. A total number of 552 individuals (179 controls and 373 CKD patients) were included in the study. RESULTS The net radiation-induced genetic damage was significantly higher in CKD patients than in controls; but no differences between those patients submitted to hemodialysis and those in pre-dialytic stages were detected. A positive correlation was observed between basal and net micronucleus frequencies in CKD patients what would indicate an underlying genetic background modulating DNA damage levels. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that CKD patients present genomic instability, measured as an increased chromosomal radiosensitivity in front of ionizing radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Rodríguez-Ribera
- Grup de Mutagènesi, Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Edifici Cn, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès , Spain
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