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Carneiro BT, de Castro FNAM, Benetti F, Nima G, Suzuki TYU, André CB. Flavonoids effects against bacteria associated to periodontal disease and dental caries: a scoping review. BIOFOULING 2024; 40:99-113. [PMID: 38425046 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2024.2321965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
This scoping review focused on exploring the efficacy of flavonoids against bacteria associated with dental caries and periodontal diseases. Inclusion criteria comprise studies investigating the antibacterial effects of flavonoids against bacteria linked to caries or periodontal diseases, both pure or diluted in vehicle forms. The search, conducted in August 2023, in databases including PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, LILACS, and Gray Literature. Out of the initial 1125 studies, 79 met the inclusion criteria, majority in vitro studies. Prominent flavonoids tested included epigallocatechin-gallate, apigenin, quercetin, and myricetin. Predominant findings consistently pointed to bacteriostatic, bactericidal, and antibiofilm activities. The study primarily investigated bacteria associated with dental caries, followed by periodontopathogens. A higher number of publications presented positive antibacterial results against Streptococcus mutans in comparison to Porphyromonas gingivalis. These encouraging findings underline the potential applicability of commercially available flavonoids in materials or therapies, underscoring the need for further exploration in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Tavares Carneiro
- Departament of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Francine Benetti
- Departament of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Nima
- Departament of Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Thais Yumi Umeda Suzuki
- Departament of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Carolina Bosso André
- Departament of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Jiang X, Wang Y, Li X, Feng Z, Zeng Y, Han S, Takahashi N, Zhang L. Development and evaluation of a chewing gum containing antimicrobial peptide GH12 for caries prevention. Eur J Oral Sci 2022; 130:e12887. [PMID: 35917355 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop a chewing gum containing a novel antimicrobial peptide GH12 and evaluate its biocompatibility, antimicrobial activity, and caries-preventive effects in vivo and in vitro. GH12 chewing gum was developed using a conventional method and its extracts were prepared in artificial saliva. GH12 concentration in the extracts was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography; extracts were used for growth curve assay, time-kill assay, crystal violet staining assay, scanning electron microscopy, and Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. A rat caries model was established, and molars were treated topically with extracts for 5 weeks. Weight gain monitoring, hematoxylin-eosin staining, micro-computed tomography, and Keyes scoring were conducted. Significant inhibition of Streptococcus mutans growth and biofilm formation was observed. Extracts displayed low cytotoxicity against human gingival epithelial cells. No significant differences in weight gain or signs of harm to the mucosal tissues in any of the rats were observed. Keyes scores of caries lesions in the GH12 chewing gum group were lower than those of the negative control group. It was concluded that GH12 chewing gum showed good biocompatibility, antimicrobial activity, and caries-preventive effects, exhibiting great potential to prevent dental caries as an adjuvant to regular oral hygiene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelian Jiang
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yufei Wang
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinwei Li
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zening Feng
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuhao Zeng
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sili Han
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Nobuhiro Takahashi
- Division of Oral Ecology and Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Linglin Zhang
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Özarslan M, Bilgili Can D, Avcioglu NH, Çalışkan S. Effect of different polishing techniques on surface properties and bacterial adhesion on resin-ceramic CAD/CAM materials. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:5289-5299. [PMID: 35474553 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04497-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to evaluate the adhesion of Streptococcus mutans on the surface of CAD/CAM materials with various surface treatments. METHODS Vita Enamic, Lava Ultimate, and Cerasmart materials were used in this study. A total of 90 samples were prepared (n = 10). After various finishing and polishing procedures (non-polished, manual polished, and glazed), surface roughness (SR) measurements, surface free energy (SFE), and elemental and topographic analysis with FIB-SEM/EDX were used to evaluate the samples' surface properties. To improve bacterial adhesion, CAD/CAM materials were covered with sterile artificial saliva containing mucin for pellicle formation and incubated for 1 h at 37 °C. Bacteria were then inoculated into the pellicle-coated specimens, and incubation was performed at 37 °C for 24 h. Bacterial adhesion was determined as × 105 CFU/mL and monitored using FIB-SEM analysis. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to statistically analyze the normality of the distribution; the groups were then compared using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test. RESULTS The SR of the control group was statistically higher in all materials (p < 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in SR between all materials in the non-polished and manual polished groups (p > 0.05). The Vita Enamic control group exhibited the highest SFE value. The highest S. mutans adhesion was observed in non-polished (p < 0.05). Vita Enamic samples had higher CFU than other groups. CONCLUSIONS Non-polished surfaces showed higher SR and bacterial adhesion. Polishing processes affected the surface properties and bacterial adhesion. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Care must be taken in polishing restorations to minimize the risk of bacterial adhesion and recurrent caries. TRIAL REGISTRATION In this study, the materials used for dental treatments are in vitro evaluated. Due to that, this study is not registered to clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Özarslan
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Dilber Bilgili Can
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, 65080, Turkey.
| | - Nermin Hande Avcioglu
- Biology Department, Biotechnology Section, Faculty of Science, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Seçil Çalışkan
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
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Wu Y, Wang Z, Du Q, Zhu Z, Chen T, Xue Y, Wang Y, Zeng Q, Shen C, Jiang C, Liu L, Zhu H, Liu Q. Pharmacological Effects and Underlying Mechanisms of Licorice-Derived Flavonoids. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2022; 2022:9523071. [PMID: 35082907 PMCID: PMC8786487 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9523071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma is the most frequently prescribed natural medicine in China and has been used for more than 2,000 years. The flavonoids of licorice have garnered considerable attention in recent decades due to their structural diversity and myriad pharmacological effects, especially as novel therapeutic agents against inflammation and cancer. Although many articles have been published to summarize different pharmacological activities of licorice in recent years, the systematic summary for flavonoid components is not comprehensive. Therefore, in this review, we summarized the pharmacological and mechanistic data from recent researches on licorice flavonoids and their bioactive components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufan Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhuxian Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Qunqun Du
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhaoming Zhu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Tingting Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yaqi Xue
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Quanfu Zeng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Chunyan Shen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Cuiping Jiang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Li Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Hongxia Zhu
- Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510315, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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van Dinteren S, Meijerink J, Witkamp R, van Ieperen B, Vincken JP, Araya-Cloutier C. Valorisation of liquorice ( Glycyrrhiza) roots: antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity of prenylated (iso)flavonoids and chalcones from liquorice spent ( G. glabra, G. inflata, and G. uralensis). Food Funct 2022; 13:12105-12120. [DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02197h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Prenylated phenolics are antimicrobials found in liquorice (Glycyrrhiza spp.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah van Dinteren
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, P.O. box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, P.O. box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jocelijn Meijerink
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, P.O. box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Renger Witkamp
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, P.O. box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bo van Ieperen
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, P.O. box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jean-Paul Vincken
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, P.O. box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Carla Araya-Cloutier
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, P.O. box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Goel B, Tripathi N, Bhardwaj N, Sahu B, Jain SK. Therapeutic Potential of Genus Pongamia and Derris: Phytochemical and Bioactivity. Mini Rev Med Chem 2021; 21:920-951. [PMID: 33238843 DOI: 10.2174/1389557520999201124211846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Genus Pongamia and Derris belong to the Leguminosae family and are reported synonymously in literature. Although many compounds have been isolated from different plant parts but seed oil is known to produce non-edible medicinally important furanoflavonoids. The seed oil, commonly known as Karanj oil in Ayurvedic and Siddha traditional systems of medicine, is reported for the treatment of various skin infections and psoriasis. Several phytopharmacological investigations have proved the medicinal potential of furanoflavonoids in the skin and other disorders. Not only furanoflavonoids but several other important phenolic constituents such as chalcones, dibenzoylmethanes, aurones, isoflavones, flavanone dihydroflavonol, flavans, pterocarpans, rotenoids, coumarins, coumestans, stilbenoids and peltygynoids and their glycosides have been reported for different biological activities including antihyperglycemic, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, insecticidal, anti-alzheimer's, gastro protective, antifungal, antibacterial, etc. In the present review, the phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of the genera Pongamia and Derris have been summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharat Goel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi-221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nancy Tripathi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi-221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nivedita Bhardwaj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi-221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Bharat Sahu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi-221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shreyans K Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi-221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Glycyrrhiza Genus: Enlightening Phytochemical Components for Pharmacological and Health-Promoting Abilities. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:7571132. [PMID: 34349875 PMCID: PMC8328722 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7571132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The Glycyrrhiza genus, generally well-known as licorice, is broadly used for food and medicinal purposes around the globe. The genus encompasses a rich pool of bioactive molecules including triterpene saponins (e.g., glycyrrhizin) and flavonoids (e.g., liquiritigenin, liquiritin). This genus is being increasingly exploited for its biological effects such as antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, and cytotoxic activities. The species Glycyrrhiza glabra L. and the compound glycyrrhizin (glycyrrhizic acid) have been studied immensely for their effect on humans. The efficacy of the compound has been reported to be significantly higher on viral hepatitis and immune deficiency syndrome. This review provides up-to-date data on the most widely investigated Glycyrrhiza species for food and medicinal purposes, with special emphasis on secondary metabolites' composition and bioactive effects.
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Vaillancourt K, LeBel G, Pellerin G, Ben Lagha A, Grenier D. Effects of the Licorice Isoflavans Licoricidin and Glabridin on the Growth, Adherence Properties, and Acid Production of Streptococcus mutans, and Assessment of Their Biocompatibility. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10020163. [PMID: 33562595 PMCID: PMC7915699 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10020163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological studies have linked a number of human health benefits with licorice due to its anticancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and antimicrobial properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of licoricidin and glabridin, two major licorice isoflavans, on growth and virulence properties (biofilm formation, acid production, dextran production, adherence) of the cariogenic bacterium Streptococcus mutans. Moreover, the biocompatibility of these licorice compounds was assessed in an in vitro model of oral keratinocytes. We used a broth microdilution assay to show that licoricidin and glabridin exhibit a marked antibacterial activity against S. mutans. Glabridin and, to a lesser extent, licoricidin reduced the biofilm viability of S. mutans. In addition, glabridin decreased the production of dextran by S. mutans. The two licorice isoflavans attenuated the adherence of S. mutans to a saliva-coated hydroxylapatite surface, and reduced acid production from glucose. Lastly, depending on the concentrations tested, the two licorice isoflavans showed no or low toxicity toward oral keratinocytes. Within the limitations of this study, our data suggest that licoricidin and glabridin may be promising agents for controlling dental caries.
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Bae MG, Hwang-Bo J, Lee DY, Lee YH, Chung IS. Effects of 6,8-Diprenylgenistein on VEGF-A-Induced Lymphangiogenesis and Lymph Node Metastasis in an Oral Cancer Sentinel Lymph Node Animal Model. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020770. [PMID: 33466636 PMCID: PMC7828717 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The major determining factor of prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma is cervical lymph node metastasis. 6,8-Diprenylgenistein (6,8-DG), an isoflavonoid isolated from Cudrania tricuspidata has been reported to have anti-microbial and anti-obesity activities. However, its effects on lymphangiogenesis and lymph node metastasis in oral cancer have not yet been reported. METHODS To investigate the in vitro inhibitory effects of 6,8-DG on VEGF-A-induced lymphangiogenesis, we performed the proliferation, tube formation, and migration assay using human lymphatic microvascular endothelial cells (HLMECs). RT-PCR, Western blot, immunoprecipitation, ELISA and co-immunoprecipitation assays were used to investigate the expression levels of proteins, and mechanism of 6,8-DG. The in vivo inhibitory effects of 6,8-DG were investigated using an oral cancer sentinel lymph node (OCSLN) animal model. RESULTS 6,8-DG inhibited the proliferation, migration and tube formation of rhVEGF-A treated HLMECs. In addition, the in vivo lymphatic vessel formation stimulated by rhVEGF-A was significantly reduced by 6,8-DG. 6,8-DG inhibited the expression of VEGF-A rather than other lymphangiogenic factors in CoCl2-treated SCCVII cells. 6,8-DG inhibited the expression and activation of VEGFR-2 stimulated by rhVEGF-A in HLMECs. Also, 6,8-DG inhibited the activation of the lymphangiogenesis-related downstream signaling factors such as FAK, PI3K, AKT, p38, and ERK in rhVEGF-A-treated HLMECs. Additionally, 6,8-DG inhibited the expression of the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1α), which is involved in the expression of VEGF-A in CoCl2-treated SCCVII cells, and 6,8-DG inhibited VEGF-A signaling via interruption of the binding of VEGF-A and VEGFR-2 in HLMECs. In the VEGF-A-induced OCSLN animal model, we confirmed that 6,8-DG suppressed tumor-induced lymphangiogenesis and SLN metastasis. CONCLUSION These data suggest that 6,8-DG inhibits VEGF-A-induced lymphangiogenesis and lymph node metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, the inhibitory effects of 6,8-DG are probably mediated by inhibition of VEGF-A expression in cancer cells and suppression of the VEGF-A/VEGFR-2 signaling pathway in HLMEC. Thus, 6,8-DG could be novel and valuable therapeutic agents for metastasis prevention and treatment of oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mun Gyeong Bae
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Korea; (M.G.B.); (J.H.-B.)
| | - Jeon Hwang-Bo
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Korea; (M.G.B.); (J.H.-B.)
| | - Dae Young Lee
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticulture and Herbal Science, RDA, Eumseong 27709, Korea;
| | - Youn-Hyung Lee
- Department of Horticultural Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea;
| | - In Sik Chung
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Korea; (M.G.B.); (J.H.-B.)
- Correspondence:
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Çevik D, Kan Y, Kırmızıbekmez H. Mechanisms of action of cytotoxic phenolic compounds from Glycyrrhiza iconica roots. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 58:152872. [PMID: 30826527 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.152872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glycyrrhiza (licorice) species are rich in bioactive secondary metabolites and their roots are used traditionally for the treatment of several diseases. In recent years, secondary metabolites of licorice are gaining popularity, especially due to their significant cytotoxic and antitumor effects. However, Glycyrrhiza iconica, an endemic species to Turkey, was not investigated in terms of its anticancer secondary metabolites previously. PURPOSE This study aimed to isolate the cytotoxic compounds from G. iconica through bioactivity-guided fractionation and to elucidate mechanisms of action of the most potent compounds. METHODS Total MeOH extract and CHCl3, EtOAc, n-buOH and rH2O subextracts were prepared from G. iconica roots. Sequential chromatographic techniques were conducted for the isolation studies. The chemical structures of the isolates were established based on NMR and HR-MS analysis. Sulforhodamine B assay was used to evaluate the cytotoxic activity of extracts, main fractions as well as isolates against hepatocellular (Huh7), breast (MCF7) and colorectal (HCT116) cancer cell lines. The mechanisms underlying the cytotoxicity of the most active compounds in Huh7 cells were elucidated by using Hoechst staining, Fluorescence-activated cell sorting and Western blot assays. RESULTS A new dihydrochalcone, iconichalcone (1) along with 15 known phenolic compounds were isolated from the active CHCl3, EtOAc and n-buOH subextracts. Compounds 2-5, 7-16 were found to be responsible for the in vitro cytotoxic activity of G. iconica against all tested cancer cell lines with IC50 values ranging from 2.4 to 33 µM. Amongst these compounds, licoricidin (10), dehydroglyasperin C (12), iconisoflaven (13) and 1-methoxyficifolinol (15) were found to be the most active compounds according to SRB and real time bioactivity assays and submitted to further mechanistic investigations in Huh7 cells. Compounds 10, 12, 13 and 15 caused accumulation of cells in different phases of cell cycle. Moreover, 10, 12, 13 and 15 induced apoptosis through caspase activation. Besides, 12 showed activation of p53 expression and thus G2/M arrest as well as a condensed nuclei, established very promising results. CONCLUSION The results demonstrated that the aforementioned compounds, particularly 12 could be potential lead molecules for anticancer drug development that deserve further in vivo and clinical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dicle Çevik
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yeditepe University, Kayışdağı, İstanbul TR-34755, Turkey
| | - Yüksel Kan
- Department of Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Agriculture, Selçuk University, Konya TR-42070, Turkey
| | - Hasan Kırmızıbekmez
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yeditepe University, Kayışdağı, İstanbul TR-34755, Turkey.
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Therapeutic benefits of liquorice in dentistry. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2018; 11:82-88. [PMID: 30391123 PMCID: PMC7125382 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral health influences general well-being and quality of life. Oral diseases can be debilitating and are a major heath concern worldwide. Medicinal plants have been used for thousands of years for treating human diseases. Considering the emergence of multi-drug resistant pathogens and financial difficulties in developing countries, there is an urgent need for developing new antimicrobial compounds which are safe, efficient and cost effective. Liquorice also known as yashtimadhu, sweetwood or mulhatti is one such herbal remedy which has shown to have immense potential in treatment of orofacial diseases. Liquorice is rich in secondary metabolites which are used in cosmetics, foods, traditional and modern medicine. It has well known properties such as antiviral, glucocorticoid, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-ulcerative, anti-carcinogenic and many more. Liquorice extracts and liquorice bioactive ingredients such as glabridin, licoricidin, licorisoflavan A, licochalcone A, and glycyrrhizin have shown beneficial effects in preventing and treating oral diseases. This paper reviews the effects of liquorice and its constituents on oral diseases such as dental caries, periodontitis, gingivitis, candidiasis, recurrent aphthous ulcer and oral cancer and its use as a root canal medicament and summarizes the results of clinical trials that investigated the potential beneficial effects of liquorice and its constituents as a prevention and treatment modality in oral diseases. Clinical trials, case reports and review of literature evaluating the effect of liquorice on oral microorganisms and oral diseases are included. Literature pertaining to the effects of liquorice on systemic diseases have been excluded from this review of literature.
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12
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Surface Characteristics and Biofilm Development on Selected Dental Ceramic Materials. Int J Dent 2017; 2017:7627945. [PMID: 28567055 PMCID: PMC5439072 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7627945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Intraoral adjustment and polishing of dental ceramics often affect their surface characteristics, promoting increased roughness and consequent biofilm growth. This study correlated surface roughness to biofilm development with four commercially available ceramic materials. Methods Four ceramic materials (Vita Enamic®, Lava™ Ultimate, Vitablocs Mark II, and Wieland Reflex®) were prepared as per manufacturer instructions. Seventeen specimens of each material were adjusted and polished to simulate clinical intraoral procedures and another seventeen remained unaltered. Specimens were analysed by SEM imaging, confocal microscopy, and crystal violet assay. Results SEM images showed more irregular surface topography in adjusted specimens than their respective controls. Surface roughness (Ra) values were greater in all materials following adjustments. All adjusted materials with the exception of Vitablocs Mark II promoted significantly greater biofilm growth relative to controls. Conclusion Simulated intraoral polishing methods resulted in greater surface roughness and increased biofilm accumulation.
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Chung SH, Cho S, Kim K, Lim BS, Ahn SJ. Antimicrobial and physical characteristics of orthodontic primers containing antimicrobial agents. Angle Orthod 2017; 87:307-312. [PMID: 27598781 PMCID: PMC8384363 DOI: 10.2319/052516-416.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the antimicrobial and physical properties of experimental primers containing chlorhexidine (CHX) or ursolic acid (UA) with a commercial primer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two antibacterial agents, 3 mg each of CHX and UA were incorporated respectively into 1 ml of Transbond XT primer (TX) to form antibacterial primers, TX-CHX and TX-UA. The antimicrobial activity of the three primers (TX, TX-CHX, and TX-UA) against Streptococcus mutans in both planktonic and biofilm phases was analyzed by determining minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations and by performing growth and biofilm assays. Growth and biofilm assays were performed in both the absence and presence of thermocycling in a water tank to analyze the effects of water aging on the antimicrobial activities of primers. After bonding brackets onto bovine incisors using the primers, shear bond strength and mode of fracture were analyzed to compare physical properties. RESULTS TX-CHX had stronger antimicrobial activity against S. mutans in the planktonic and biofilm phases than did TX or TX-UA. When applied, TX-CHX completely inhibited the growth and biofilm formation of S. mutans . In addition, the antimicrobial activity of TX-CHX was maintained after thermocycling. However, TX-UA did not show significant antimicrobial activity compared with TX. There was no significant difference in either shear bond strength or bond failure interface among the primers. CONCLUSION Incorporation of CHX into an orthodontic primer may help prevent enamel demineralization around surfaces without compromising its physical properties.
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Kong JQ. Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, a key component used for phenylpropanoids production by metabolic engineering. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra08196c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, a versatile enzyme with industrial and medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Qiang Kong
- Institute of Materia Medica
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines & Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products
- Beijing
- China
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